The document discusses continuity of functions at points and on intervals. It provides 3 conditions for a function f to be continuous at a point c: 1) f(c) is defined, 2) the limit of f(x) as x approaches c exists, and 3) the limit equals f(c). It also discusses types of discontinuity (jump, hole, pole), operations that preserve continuity, and using continuity to find roots and apply the intermediate value theorem.
The document discusses continuity of functions at points and on intervals. It provides 3 conditions for a function f to be continuous at a point c: 1) f(c) is defined, 2) the limit of f(x) as x approaches c exists, and 3) the limit equals f(c). It also discusses types of discontinuity (jump, hole, pole), operations that preserve continuity, and using continuity to find roots and apply the intermediate value theorem.
The document discusses continuity of functions at points and on intervals. It provides 3 conditions for a function f to be continuous at a point c: 1) f(c) is defined, 2) the limit of f(x) as x approaches c exists, and 3) the limit equals f(c). It also discusses types of discontinuity (jump, hole, pole), operations that preserve continuity, and using continuity to find roots and apply the intermediate value theorem.
The document discusses continuity of functions at points and on intervals. It provides 3 conditions for a function f to be continuous at a point c: 1) f(c) is defined, 2) the limit of f(x) as x approaches c exists, and 3) the limit equals f(c). It also discusses types of discontinuity (jump, hole, pole), operations that preserve continuity, and using continuity to find roots and apply the intermediate value theorem.
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 31
2.
3 Continuity When is DIRECT SUBSTITUTION possible? Continuity at x=2 Discontinuity at x=2
lim g ( x) g (2) lim t ( x) t (2) x2 x2 After this lesson, you will know • 3 conditions for continuity at a point • 3 types of discontinuity and their graphical interpretation • Properties of continuous functions • How to test for continuity or discontinuity on an interval • How to apply continuity to locate roots of a function Continuous vs. discontinuous curves
Jump Hole
Pole Hole 1. Continuity of a function at a point A function f is continuos at a point x c if the following 3 conditions are satisfied: 1. f (c) is defined; 2. lim f ( x) exists; x c
3.lim f ( x) f (c). x c
A function that is not continuous at c is said to have
discontinuity at that point. Example: Testing continuity Test the continuity of each of the following functions at x = 1 Continuity theorem 1 If f is a polynomial, a rational function, a power function, a trigonometric function, or an inverse trigonometric function, then f is continuous at any number x c for which f (c) is defined.
lim f ( x) f (c) x c
DIRECT SUBSTITUTION valid when c is in the domain
2. Operations with continuous functions (Continuity theorem 2) If f and g are functions that are continuous at x c, then the following functions are also continuous at x c Summary: Check for continuity at a point • Polynomials, rational functions, trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions are continuous in their domain (continuity theorem 1). • Sum, difference, product, quotient and composite of continuous functions are continuous on the common domain (continuity theorem 2) Example: find points of continuity Find points at which f is continuous 1 f ( x) x 2 x 1 Example: Use continuity theorem Classify the function, find the domain and use continuity theorem to find points at which the function is continuous x 2 if x 2 1. f ( x) x 2 x 1 2 6. f ( x)= 2 x 1 if x 2 2. f ( x) 2 x 1 7.f ( x) sin x tan x 2x 1 3. f ( x) 8.f ( x) cos 1 x x3 4. f ( x) (2 x 1)3 9.f ( x) tan 1 x | x| 1 5. f ( x) 10.f ( x) x 2 x x 1 Continuity on an interval A function f is continuos on an interval (open, half-open, or closed) if it is continuous at all points in this interval. One-sided continuity One-sided continuity Meaning lim f ( x) f (a ) Continuous at a on [a,b) xa
lim f ( x) f (b) x b Continuous at b on (a,b]
Continuous from the left at 1
(left-hand limit at 1) Continuous from the right at 3 (right-hand limit at 3) Theorem The funtion f continuous at a point x= c if and only if lim f ( x) lim f ( x) f (c) x c x c Continuity of piecewise-defined functions Find points at which f is discontinuous | x| x 2 if x 2 1. f ( x) 2. f ( x)= 2 x x 1 if x 2 Composite limit rule If lim g ( x) L and f is a function continuos at L, then x c
lim f g ( x) f ( L) x c
That is
lim f g ( x) f lim g ( x) x c x c Example: composite limit rule Evaluate the following limit x2 1 lim sin x 1 x 1 Intermediate value theorem (IVT) If f is a continuous function on the closed interval [ a, b] and L is some number such that L is between f (a) and f (b), then there exists at least one number c on (a, b) such that f (c) L.
C Root location theorem If f is continuous on the closed interval [ a, b] and if f ( a) f (b) 0, then f (c) 0 for at least one number c on the open interval ( a, b). Example: The existence of solution Show that cos x x3 x has at least one solution on the interval 4 , 2 Application of IVT: modeling problem Use the intermediate value theorem to explain why the hands of a clock coincide at least once between 1 p.m. and 1:15 p.m. Continuity on an interval Interval Meaning Open Continuous at each number a<x<b (a,b) a b Half-open Continuous on (a,b) and continuous [a,b) at a a b Half-open Continuous on (a,b) and continuous (a,b] at b a b Closed Continuous on (a,b) and continuous [a,b] from the right at a, b a b Ex.: Testing for continuity on an interval Find the intervals on which the given function is continuous. Ex.: Testing for continuity on an interval Find the intervals on which the given function is continuous. Ex.: Testing for continuity on an interval Find the intervals on which the given function is continuous. Ex.: Testing for continuity on an interval Find the intervals on which the given function is continuous. Ex.: Testing for continuity on an interval Find the intervals on which the given function is continuous. Ex.: Testing for continuity on an interval Find the intervals on which the given function is continuous. Summary: Testing for continuity on an interval • Find suspicious points (points outside the domain, boundary points for piecewise- defined functions) • Test for continuity at suspicious points (3 conditions) • Draw the conclusion Quiz Determine whether or not the given functions are continuous on the prescribed interval 1 1 a. f ( x) on [1,2] b. f ( x) on [0,1] x x x2 if 0 x 2 15 x 2 if -3<x 0 c. f ( x) d. g( x) 3x 1 if 2 x 5 2 x if 0<x 1 cos x 1 e. f ( x) x sin x on (1, ) f. f ( x) on [- , ] x Quiz Find constants a and b so that the given function will be continuous for all x ax 4 if x 2 f ( x) x 2 b if x 2
