Computer Vision and Image Processing

Computer vision and image
processing
Introduction
1
What is digital image processing?
• is defined as the use of computerized algorithms for the
analysis of image with respect to an application.
• Deals with processing digital images by means of a digital
computer.
– It is a subfield of signals and systems but focus particularly
on images.
• Main focus: developing a computer system that is able to
perform processing on an image.
• The input of that system is a digital image and the system
process that image using efficient algorithms, and gives an
image as an output.
• Example: Adobe photoshop
2
How it works?
3
Signal processing
• Signal processing is a discipline in electrical engineering
and in mathematics that deals with analysis and
processing of analog and digital signals , and deals with
storing , filtering , and other operations on signals.
• These signals include transmission signals , sound or
voice signals , image signals , and other signals e.t.c.
• Out of all these signals , the field that deals with the type
of signals for which the input is an image and the output
is also an image is done in image processing.
• It can be further divided into analog image processing
and digital image processing.
4
1. Analog image processing
• Analog image processing is done on analog signals.
• It includes processing on two dimensional analog signals.
• In this type of processing, the images are manipulated by
electrical means by varying the electrical signal.
• The common example include is the television image.
• Digital image processing has dominated over analog image
processing with the passage of time due its wider range of
applications.
2. Digital image processing

• The digital image processing deals with developing a
digital system that performs operations on an digital image.
5
What is digital Image?
• An image is nothing more than a two dimensional signal. It is

defined by the mathematical function f(x,y) where x and y are
the two co-ordinates horizontally and vertically.
• The value of f(x,y) at any point is gives the pixel value at that
point of an image.
• What is the relationship between a digital image and a signal?
• Eample of digital image
6
How a digital image is formed?
• Since capturing an image from a camera is a physical process.

• The sunlight is used as a source of energy.
• A sensor array is used for the acquisition of the image.
Process?
• So when the sunlight falls upon the object, then the amount of
light reflected by that object is sensed by the sensors, and
• a continuous voltage signal is generated by the amount of sensed
data.
• In order to create a digital image , we need to convert this data
into a digital form.
• This involves sampling and quantization. (They are discussed
later on).
• The result of sampling and quantization results in an two
dimensional array or matrix of numbers which are nothing but a
digital image. 7
Overlapping fields
• Machine/computer vision
• Computer graphics
• Artificial intelligence
• Signal processing
8
Computer vision
9
Introduction
• It is an interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how

computers can be made to gain a high level understanding of
digital images or videos.
• From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to automate
tasks that the human visual system can do.
• Computer vision tasks include method for acquiring,
processing, analyzing and understanding digital images.
• Other definition through its applications:
– Computer vision is building algorithms that can understand

the content of images and use it for other applications.
10
How computer vision works
 Acquiring an image: Images, even large sets, can be acquired
in real-time through video, photos or 3D technology for
analysis.
 Processing the image: Deep learning models automate much
of this process, but the models are often trained by first being
fed thousands of labeled or pre-identified images.
 Understanding the image: The final step is the interpretative
step, where an object is identified or classified.
11
There are many types of computer vision that are used
in different ways:
• Image segmentation partitions an image into multiple regions
or pieces to be examined separately.
• Object detection identifies a specific object in an image.
• Advanced object detection recognizes many objects in a single
image:
– a football field,
– an offensive player,
– a defensive
player,
– a ball and so on. T
– these models use an X, Y coordinate to create a bounding
box and identify everything inside the box.
12
• Facial recognition is an advanced type of object detection that
not only recognizes a human face in an image but identifies a
specific individual.
• Edge detection is a technique used to identify the outside edge
of an object or landscape to better identify what is in the image.
• Pattern detection is a process of recognizing repeated shapes,
colors and other visual indicators in images.
• Image classification groups images into different categories.
• Feature matching is a type of pattern detection that matches
similarities in images to help classify them.
13
Applications of computer vision
• Optical character recognition (OCR): reading handwritten

postal codes on letters and automatic number plate
recognition.
• Machine inspection: rapid parts inspection for quality
assurance using stereo vision with specialized illumination to
measure tolerances on aircraft wings or auto body parts or
looking for defects in steel castings using X-ray vision.
• Retail: object recognition for automated checkout lanes.
• Medical imaging: registering pre-operative and intra-
operative imagery or performing long-term studies of people’s
14
• Automotive safety: detecting unexpected obstacles such as
pedestrians on the street, under conditions where active
vision techniques such as radar.
• Surveillance: monitoring for intruders, analyzing highway
traffic and monitoring pools for drowning victims;
• Fingerprint recognition and biometrics: for automatic
access authentication as well as forensic applications
15
16
17
Applications of Digital Image Processing
• Image Correction, Sharpening, and Resolution Correction

• Medical field
• Remote sensing
• Transmission and encoding
• Machine/Robot vision
• Color processing
• Pattern recognition
• Video processing
• Microscopic Imaging
• Others
18
Image Correction, Sharpening, and Resolution Correction
• Often, we wish we could make old images better. And that
possible nowadays.
• Zooming, sharpening, edge detection, high dynamic range edits
all fall under this category.
• All these steps help in enhancing the image. Most editing
software and Image correction code can do these things easily.
19
Medical Technology :
• In the medical field, Image Processing is used for various tasks
like PET scan, X-Ray Imaging, Medical CT, UV imaging, Cancer
Cell Image processing, and much more.
• The introduction of Image Processing to the medical technology
field has greatly improved the diagnostics process.
• The image on the left is the original image. The image on the right
is the processed image.
• We can see that the processed image is far better and can be used 20
Computer / Machine Vision :
• One of the most interesting and useful applications of Image
Processing is in Computer Vision.
• Computer Vision is used to make the computer see, identify
things, and process the whole environment as a whole.
• An important use of CV is Self Driving cars, Drones etc.
• CV helps in obstacle detection, path recognition, &
understanding the environment.
• This is how typical Computer Vision works for Car Autopilots.
The computer takes in live footage and analyses other cars, the
road, and other obstacles.
21
22
Pattern recognition:
• Pattern recognition is a part of Image Processing that involves
AI and Machine Learning.
• Image processing is used to find out various patterns and
aspects in images.
• Pattern Recognition is used for Handwriting analysis, Image
recognition, Computer-aided medical diagnosis, and much
more.
Video Processing:
• Video is basically a fast movement of images.
• Various image processing techniques are used in Video
Processing.
• Some methods of Video Processing are noise removal, image
stabilization, frame rate conversion, detail enhancement, and
much more.
23
Reading assignment
• how the three dimension in physical world can
be converted in to two dimensional image?
• Define the process of capturing an image on
digital camera? Elaborate it with the working
principles of human eye.
24

Computer Vision and Image Processing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer Vision and Image Processing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer Vision and Image Processing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer vision and image

2. Digital image processing

• An image is nothing more than a two dimensional signal. It is

• Since capturing an image from a camera is a physical process.

• It is an interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how

– Computer vision is building algorithms that can understand

• Optical character recognition (OCR): reading handwritten

pedestrians on the street, under conditions where active

vision techniques such as radar.

• Surveillance: monitoring for intruders, analyzing highway

traffic and monitoring pools for drowning victims;

• Fingerprint recognition and biometrics: for automatic

access authentication as well as forensic applications

• Image Correction, Sharpening, and Resolution Correction

You might also like