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Attention & Concentration

Attention is the process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring others. It involves focusing one's consciousness on a particular object or matter. Attention is constantly shifting and depends on both external factors like size, intensity, movement, and contrast, as well as internal factors like interest and desire. Distraction occurs when external stimuli interfere with attention or draw it away from the intended object. Concentration refers to exerting deliberate mental effort on the most important aspects of a situation and maintaining attentional focus.

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443 views17 pages

Attention & Concentration

Attention is the process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring others. It involves focusing one's consciousness on a particular object or matter. Attention is constantly shifting and depends on both external factors like size, intensity, movement, and contrast, as well as internal factors like interest and desire. Distraction occurs when external stimuli interfere with attention or draw it away from the intended object. Concentration refers to exerting deliberate mental effort on the most important aspects of a situation and maintaining attentional focus.

Uploaded by

abcd
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ATTENTION &

CONCENTRATION

KONINIKA MUKHERJEE
Attention
 Attention is the concentration of consciousness upon one object rather than
others – Dumvile.
 Attention is the process of getting an object of thought clearly before the
mind – Ross.
 Attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect
of the environment while ignoring other things – John R. Anderson.
 Attention is being keenly alive to some specific factor in our environment. It
is a preparatory adjustment for response – Morgan and Gilliland.
 The activity of concentrating mind on a particular matter is called
attention.

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Nature:
 Attention is focusing of consciousness on a particular

object.
 Attention is constantly shifting/changeable
 Selective attention: Attention is selective
 Attention is a mental process
 Attention is a state of preparedness or alertness
 Attention has narrow range/span
3
Types
:
ATTENTION

Non-Volitional Volitional

Enforced Spontaneous Implicit Explicit

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Factors affecting Attention

Attention depends upon several factors.


These factors may be of two types:

A. External
B. Internal.

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External/Objective Factors:
 Size: It is natural an unusual size attracts attention
of the people.

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External Factors
• Intensity: Loud sounds, strong smells and deep
colours are attractive in nature. If a sound is intense
then it would attract our attention. The thunder is
louder than a car sound. So, our attention is drawn
on thunder.
• Movement: Moving things draws our attention more
than stationary one. A moving car attracts faster than
a stationary car. 7
External Factors
• Contrast: Anything that is different from its
surrounding is contrast. A black dust in the milk
drawn attention quickly. A swan among the crows
attracts suddenly.

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External Factors
• Repetition
• Duration
• Change
• Novelty

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Internal/Subjective Factors
 Interest: Interesting things draws our attention
soon.
 Desire: A person’s desire becomes a cause of paying
attention to a thing.
 Motives

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Inattention
There are two fields of consciousness:
 The field of attention is in the center of
consciousness.
 Field of inattention refers to the edge of
consciousness. The things on the edge of
consciousness influence the mind to some extent,
but our attention is not diverted to them.

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Distraction
Distraction may be defined as any stimulus whose
presence interferes with the process of attention or
draws away attention from the object to which we wish
to attend – H.R.Bhatia.
A distraction may be defined as any factor which
normally tends to break up attention – Prem Prakash.

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Sources of Distraction

External Factors: It is also called environmental factors. These


are more common and prominent.
Eg: noise

Internal Factors:
Emotional disturbances, physical problems, lack of motivation and interest
etc.

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Span of Attention:

The extent or limit of the ability of a person to attend


to a concentrate on something. It varies with age,
physical, mental and emotional condition and
nature of material read.

14
Concentration
“Concentration refers to a person’s ability to exert deliberate
mental effort on what is most important in any given
situation.”
(Moran, 2004)
It is taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid
form, of one out of what seems several simultaneously
possible objects or trains of thought.
(William James 1890)
Causes of concentration
1. Focusing on relevant environmental cues.

2. Maintaining attentional Focus.

3. Situation Awareness.

4. Shifting Attentional Focus.


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