THE INTERNET AND

THE WEB

Department of Information and Communications Technology

Centre for Foundation Studies , IIUM
Date: Thursday, December 23, 2021
Learning Outcomes
Able to explain Internet, the Web and its revolution.
Able to explain the requirements of Internet access and web utilities.
Able to describe search tools; search engine, online database search
and content evaluation.
Able to describe popular communication mediums; e-mails and social
media.
Able to identify electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B.
Able to explain the advantages and disadvantages of electronic
commerce.

2
Introduction
Is a Web the same as
the Internet?

What is the Internet? What is a Web?

 The Internet
Internet is a connection between
computers in networks.
The computers that has access to
the internet has the ability to
send and receive all kinds of
information such as e-mail, video,
graphics, messages and a
computer programs.
 History of the Internet
Internet started with a project called Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network (ARPANET) in the late 1950s for the US
Department of Defence.
(YOUTUBE ARPANET :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsdFNTeGqIg)
 Internet in Malaysia
Internet in Malaysia began in 1990,
when the Malaysian Institute of
Microelectronic Systems (MIMOS, now
MIMOS Berhad) launched JARING
(Joint Advanced Integrated
Networking), the first Malaysian 1990s 1992 1996
Internet Service Provider (ISP). MIMOS Joint Multimedia
Advanced Super
Integrated Corridor
Networking
(JARING)

FOR INFORMATION ONLY - NOT TO BE ASSESSED

 The Web
• Acronym for World Wide Web (WWW).  
• An information space where the documents and other web
resources can be accessed via the Internet.
 History of the Web
• WWW was invented by an
English computer scientist
named Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
at European Laboratory for
Particle Physics (CERN) in
Switzerland.
• It was designed to facilitate
automated information-sharing
between scientists in
universities and institutes
around the world.
• Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML, HTTP and the first web browser
called WorldWideWeb for NeXT Computer. The WorldWideWeb then
has been renamed as Nexus to avoid confusion with the WWW.

Steve Jobs debuted the NeXT

Computer on October 12,1988
WorldWideWeb – the first web browser

FOR INFORMATION ONLY - NOT TO BE ASSESSED

Evolution of the Web
2020-2030

2010-2020

2000-2010

1990-2000

FOR INFORMATION ONLY - NOT TO BE ASSESSED

 Internet vs Web

Internet Web
network infrastructure connects a way of accessing information
and allows communication over the Internet
between millions of computers
globally
What are required to access the Internet?

• connection to the Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• browsers
 Internet Service Provider
• a company that provides
Internet services, including
personal and business free or
with certain amount of fee
• Examples of ISPs in Malaysia
are TIME broadband, P1, TM
Net, Celcom, Maxis and Digi
 Web Browser
• programs that provide access to web resources
• programs for the users to locate, retrieve and
display content on the web
• The two most popular browsers are Chrome and
Firefox
• Other major browsers include IE/Edge, Safari
and Opera
 Uniform Resource Locators(URL)
• location or address of the resources on the web.
• URL consists of several parts:
i. the protocol
ii. the domain name where the resource is located
iii. the top-level domain (TLD) name that identifies the type of organization.

http://www.iium.edu.my

Protocol Domain name

TLD
URL parts

Examples of TLD
 Web Utilities
• specialized utility programs that make your surfing experience easier
and safer. Examples are plug-ins and web filters.

1) Plug-ins – programs that are automatically started and operated as part of

a browser
• adds a specific feature to an existing computer program.
• Well-known browser plug-ins include Adobe Flash Player and QuickTime Player and
the Java plug-in
 Web Utilities
2) Web Filters - a program that can screen an incoming Web page to
determine whether some or all of it should not be displayed to the
user.

• A Web filter allows an enterprise or individual user to block pages of certain

web pages content according to their preferences, such as push advertising,
obscene content, viruses or any content that the users prefer not to see.
• The filter checks the origin or content of a Web page against a set of rules
provided by company or person who has installed the Web filter.
• The top three best Internet filter software of 2019 are Qustodio, Net Nanny
and Surfie. (source: TopTenReview, 2019)
Content filter by Norton Family
Popular Internet Activities
 Communication
• Communication is the most popular activity on the internet.
• Methods of communication - e-mail, messaging, social
networking, blogs, microblogs, webcasts, podcasts and
wikis.
Electronic - mail
• Electronic mail, most commonly
called email or e-mail is a method
of exchanging digital messages from
an author to one or more
recipients.

• E-mail components - addresses,

subject and attachment.
 E-mail Components
Address of recipient(s)
Topic of the email explaining the main ideas of the email contents

Space for the body of messages

Plug-ins

Email contents formatting

Shortcut for attachment, hyperlinks, insert images etc

 E-mail Components
• Addresses:
• It is a unique identifier for an e-mail
account.
• E-mail addresses have two basic parts.
The first part is the user’s name and the
second part is the domain name, which
includes the top level domain.
 Type of recipients

• To: People required to take action

• Cc (or carbon copy) : Kept informed of the content, but no actions
required from them
• Bcc (or Blind Carbon Copy): Receive the message without any of the
other recipients knowing. Also used for larger mailings (over 50)
 Type of e-mail
There are two basic types of e-mail system: Email clients and
webmail.
Email client Webmail

an application that runs on your own personal web-based email accounts that operates from a
computer and it uses client-server architecture. website, and allows users to access their email
accounts as long as they have an Internet
e.g. Microsoft Outlook connection
e.g. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo mail.
 E-mail spam
It is a type of electronic spam where unsolicited messages are sent
by email.
• also known as junk email
• used by an organization or a company for commercially promote their
applications, products or services.
• could harm the email
account owner by carrying
disguise messages which
might contain viruses,
“phising” link and trojan
horse.
 Social Media
 One form of electronic communication that facilitates the online
communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and
other content.
 Examples:

Top 10 Social Media Apps in 2021

https://youtu.be/FAJef7L17Tw
 Artificial Intelligence-powered social media
• AI facilitates sharing information, thoughts, and ideas and gives users quick access to
social media content.
• Example of AI in social media are:

i. machine learning to recognize your face in photos on Facebook and Instagram

ii. LinkedIn uses AI to offer job recommendations
iii. Snapchat takes advantage of the computer vision to track users features

FOR INFORMATION ONLY - NOT TO BE ASSESSED

 Social Media – Features
● Allows you to connect with other people of similar interests and background. Eg: Facebook,
Google+ and LinkedIn.

● Allows you to upload and share various media such as pictures and video. Most services
have additional social features such as profiles, commenting, etc. Eg: Facebook and Twitter
have amazing video and image-sharing capabilities.

● Allows you to save, organize and manage links to various websites and resources around
the internet. Eg: Twitter, Pinterest, Flipboard, Delicious and StumbleUpon.

● Allows users to communicate through online chat. Eg: Instant messaging (Facebook
Messenger)

● Involves buying and selling activities by utilizing the use of social media. Eg: S-commerce
(Lazada, Shopee)
 Searching
Internet Searching - the process of exploring
the Internet for information with the use of
a search engines like Google or Bing.
Search Engine - software system that is designed
to search for information on the World Wide
Web.
 How a search engine works
using algorithm known as spider/crawler

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVV_93mBfSU
 Online database search
• The online database is a database accessible by computers in a local network or
computers on the Internet.
• Example of online database is the scholarly literatures that provide a public
search engine and digital library of academic and scientific papers such as Google
Scholar.
• Boolean searching is an important tool that can be used when searching catalogs,
indexes, online databases, and the web.
 Boolean Search String
• enables users to look for more specific results from an online
database.
• Search string operators :
Operator Description Search String

AND To combine or exclude keywords in a search, IIUM AND library

resulting in more focused and productive
results.
OR To broadens a search. biometric OR IRIS OR
Telling the database that any of the words it thumbprint OR “voice
connects are acceptable. recognition”
Helpful searching for synonyms
 Operator Description Search String
NOT To eliminate documents which contain the “software engineering” NOT
term after NOT development
“……” Quotation mark searching for a specific “data science”
word combination or an exact phrase “artificial intelligent”

(……..) Brackets are used to group terms together, (biometric OR IRIS OR

so that operators like AND can be applied thumbprint OR “voice
to all the terms in the brackets recognition”) AND
(authentication OR
verification OR validation)
 Content Evaluation
• Authority Is it Isa the
personal
text well-written
website? Does
anditgrammatically
express personal
Can you tell when opinions?
correct?
the information was
Is the author identified or anonymous?
• Accuracy published?
Are the
Is the
sources
website
cited
a part
reliable
of a commercial
and can they be
Has the author included a bibliography?
organization, averified
political
elsewhere?
party or an organization
Is the information up to date?
• Objectivity Is with a specific
the author agenda?
qualified If yes,
to write question
about the
the subject?
motives for publishing the information.
Has Are the linksbeen
the content up to date and
through working?
an editing process
• Currency Does the website
or beenpromote
peer reviewed?
a biased viewpoint?
Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)
 Involves buying and selling of goods and
services, or the transmitting of funds or data,
over an electronic network, primarily the
internet .
 Also known as e-business or e-tail.
 E-Commerce – Types

Focusing into three:

1) Business to Business (B2B)

2) Business to Consumer (B2C)
3) Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
 E-Commerce Types – B2B
 Companies sell their products to an
intermediate buyer whom then sells the
products to the consumer.
 Example - A business is sourcing materials
for a production process, such as a fabrics
manufacturer supplies fabrics to a textiles
house
 E-Commerce Types – B2C
 Involves electronic business relationships
between businesses and consumers.
 Examples of the B2C are:
i. online banking such as BankIslam.biz
or Maybank2u
ii. financial trading like stock exchange
iii. online shopping at lazada.com or
amazon.com
 E-Commerce Types – C2C
 Involves electronic transactions of goods
or services conducted between
consumers.
 It is a platform for one consumer to sell to
other consumers

source: https://www.slideshare.net/SatishKumar53/e-commerce-15934300
 E-Commerce – Advantages
 The e-commerce website is accessible all the time.
 The speed of access to an e-commerce transaction.
 Time saving since buyers do not have to suffer traffic congestion or wasting time to
find parking space.
 All time availability of online catalog.
 A wider selection of goods and services.
 Companies may have global market without putting large financial investment.
 Enable suppliers to offer products and services that suit the individual preferences
of the target market.
 May shorten product distribution chain and even eliminate certain supply chain
such as a supplier can directly offer a product or services for the target market.
 E-Commerce – Disadvantages
 Strong dependence on the internet connection.
 Insecurity in the conduct of online business transactions.
 Not being able to see or touch a product prior to purchase.
 The buyer cannot get the product that the purchased immediately, whereby, there
is time lapse to receive the purchased product.
 Limited customer service at some area due to limited resources, high delivery cost
or geographical restraints.
 Users may loss of privacy, the loss of regions’ and countries’ cultural and economic
identity.
 Lack of legislation that adequately regulates the new e-commerce activities, both
nationally and internationally
 E-Commerce - Payment Options
Most commonly use:

• Digital Cash (E-Wallet)

• Credit Card
• Debit Card
• Bank transfer
 E-Commerce - Payment Options
E-Wallet
 It is an online account that required to be deposited with amount of money.
 Once registered to e-wallet provider, the user can make payments faster and with
less typing.
 Examples of E-wallet are Touch ‘n Go, Boost, GrabPay and Samsung Pay.
 E-Commerce - Payment Options
Credit Card
 A payment card, which required the commitment of the credit card holder to pay
for the amount merchandise or service, charged to their card with the additional
of other agreed charges to the card issuer.
 Credit card is the facilities provided by banks to their customer to ease the
customers’ for online payment in the form of debt.
 E-Commerce - Payment Options
Debit Card/Direct Debit
 A payment card needs the cardholder to have certain amount of money in order
to commit with the payment. The money comes directly from the user's bank
account when performing a transaction.
 

Bank transfer
 A method of electronic funds sends from one account to another account.
 It can be done by visiting the bank,
internet banking or using ATMs.
End of Chapter