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RADIATION

Radiation involves the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves emitted from hot surfaces. It depends on the emissivity and temperature of emitting surfaces. Three key points: 1) Radiant heat transfer rate between two black surfaces is calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann law. 2) Real surfaces have emissivity less than 1, so their heat transfer is lower than black surfaces. 3) Total heat transfer involves both convection and radiation, which are calculated separately and summed.

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491 views15 pages

RADIATION

Radiation involves the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves emitted from hot surfaces. It depends on the emissivity and temperature of emitting surfaces. Three key points: 1) Radiant heat transfer rate between two black surfaces is calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann law. 2) Real surfaces have emissivity less than 1, so their heat transfer is lower than black surfaces. 3) Total heat transfer involves both convection and radiation, which are calculated separately and summed.

Uploaded by

Jade Carlo Antonio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RADIATION

Engr. Neal Janus R. Pacis


Faculty
Learning Outcomes
After careful study of this topic, students should be able to do the
following:

➔ Define radiation
➔ Define emissivity
➔ Define a black body
➔ Solve problems involving modes of heat transfer (Radiation)
Radiation
Radiant heat transfer involves the transfer of heat by
electromagnetic radiation that arises due to the temperature of a body.
Radiation
 Q=5.67 x 10−8 ( Fe ) ( A ) ( T 1 4 − T 24 ) ; Watts

 
Q=20408.4 x 10− 8 ( Fe ) ( A ) ( T 14 −T 24 ) ; J / hr

Where: Fe = Emissivity Factor;


A = area of heat transfer; m2
T = temperature; K
Q = heat transferred; watts
Radiation

 Q=2.268 x 10−7 ( Fe ) ( A )
( T m3 ) ( T 1 −T 2 ) ;Watts
  T 1 +T 2
T m=
2

Where: Tm = Mean Temperature;


Emissivity
Real objects do not radiate as much heat as a perfect black body.
They radiate less heat than a black body and are called gray bodies.

Emissivity is simply a factor by which we multiply the black body


heat transfer to take into account that the black body is the ideal case.
Emissivity is a dimensionless number and has a maximum value of
1.0.
Black Body
A body that emits the maximum amount of heat for its absolute
temperature is called a black body. Radiant heat transfer rate from a
black body to its surroundings can be expressed by the following
equation.

 Q=5.67 x 10−8 ( A ) ( T 14 − T 24 ) ; Watts


Example 1
A steam pipe of 10cm diameter and 3m length with surface
temperature of 150°C passes through a room whose walls are 30°C.
The air temperature is 35°C and the film coefficient for the pipe
surface maybe taken as 40 W/m².K. The emissivity of the pipe surface
is 0.7. Find the rate of heat loss from the pipe due to convection and
radiation.

 Q =40 ( π ( 0.1 m )( 3 m ) ) (1 50− 35)


Solution: c
 Q =hc ( A ) (T −T )
c 1 f
Q c =4335.40Watts
 

Q
  =hc ( π DL ) (T −T )
c 1 f
Example 1
 Q −8 4 4
r =5.67 x 10 ( Fe A ( T 1 −T 2 )
) ( )

  −8 4 4
Qr =5.67 x 10 ( 0.7 ) ( π ( 0.1m ) ( 3 m ) ) ( 423 −3 03 )
Qr =882.31Watts
 

QTotal =Q c +Q r
 

QTotal =4335.4 Watts+882.31 Watts


 

Q Total =5217.71 Watts


 
Example 2
A thin square steel plate 10cm on a side is heated in a blacksmith
forge to a temperature of 800°C. If the emissivity is 0.60. What is the
total rate of radiation energy.

Solution:

 Q=5.67 −8 4
x 10 Fe A T )
( ) ( ) (
  −8 4
Q=5.67 x 10 ( 0.60 ) ( 0.1 mx 0.1m ) ( 1073 )
Q=450.95 Watts
 
Example 3
An insulated steam pipe pass through a room in which the air and
walls are 25°C. The outside diameter of the pipe is 70mm, and its
surface temperature and emissivity are 200°C and 0.80 respectively. If
the coefficient associated with free convection heat transfer from the
surface to the air is 15 W/m².K. What is the rate of heat loss from the
surface per unit length of pipe?

Solution:
 Q c
 Q =15 ( π ( 0.070 ) ) (2 00 −25)
c =hc ( A ) (T 1 −T f ) L
Q
  =hc ( π DL ) (T −T )
c 1 f  Q c
=577.27 Watts
L
Example 3
 Q R −8 4 4
=5.67 x 10 ( Fe ) ( π D ) ( T 1 −T 2 )
L
 Q R −8
=5.67 x 10 ( 0.80 ) ( π ( 0.070m ) ) ( 473 4 −298 4 )
L
 Q R
=4 20.64 Watts
L

Q Total =Q c +Q r
 

Q Total =577.27 Watts+ 420.64 Watts


 

QTotal =997.91 Watts


 
Example 4
How many watts will be radiated from a spherical black body, 15
cm in diameter of a temperature of 800°C

Solution:
 Q=5.67 −8 4
x 10 ( Fe ) ( A ) ( T )
−8
 
Q=5.67 x 10 ( 4 π ( 0.075m )2 ) ( 1073 4 )
Q=5312.69 Watts
 
Example 5
Calculate the radiant heat between the floor (15 ft. x 15 ft.) of a
furnace and the roof, if the two are located 10 ft. apart. The floor and
roof temperatures are 2000°F and 600°F, respectively. Assume that the
floor and the roof have black surfaces.

Solution:
 
Q=1.714 x 10−9 ( Fe ) ( A ) ( T 14 − T 24 )
 Q=1.714 −9 2 4 4
x 10 ( 225 ft )( 2460 −10 60 )

Q=13,636,347.06
  Btu/hr

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