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Differentiated Services: Dr. Lamia Berriche

Differentiated Services (Diffserv) was introduced by IETF to solve scalability and service-type limitations in Integrated Services. Diffserv moves processing to network edges, removes per-flow state in cores, and classifies packets by DS field value rather than flow. The DS field contains the DSCP field which indexes per-hop behaviors like EF, AF, and DE that prioritize traffic or guarantee bandwidth. Traffic conditioners like meters, markers, shapers, and droppers implement Diffserv by monitoring traffic compliance and remarking packets accordingly.

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125 views12 pages

Differentiated Services: Dr. Lamia Berriche

Differentiated Services (Diffserv) was introduced by IETF to solve scalability and service-type limitations in Integrated Services. Diffserv moves processing to network edges, removes per-flow state in cores, and classifies packets by DS field value rather than flow. The DS field contains the DSCP field which indexes per-hop behaviors like EF, AF, and DE that prioritize traffic or guarantee bandwidth. Traffic conditioners like meters, markers, shapers, and droppers implement Diffserv by monitoring traffic compliance and remarking packets accordingly.

Uploaded by

nourah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Differentiated Services

Dr. Lamia Berriche

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Differentiated Services
• Differentiated Services (DS or Diffserv) was
introduced by the IETF (Internet Engineering
Task Force)
• Two fundamental changes were made to IntServ:
1.Solve scalability problem:
– The main processing was moved from the core of the
network to the edge of the network.
– The routers do not have to store information about
flows.
– The applications, or hosts, define the type of service
they need each time theyComputer
CS630: Advanced sendNetworks
a packet.
Differentiated Services

• Solve the service-type limitation problem


: Per-class service:
– The router routes the packet based on the
class of service defined in the packet, not
the flow.
– Different types of classes are defined based
on the needs of applications.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


DS Field

• In Diffserv, each packet contains a field called


the DS field.
• The value of this field is set at the boundary
of the network by the host or the first router
designated as the boundary router.
• IETF proposes to replace the existing TOS
(type of service) field in IPv4 or the class field
in IPv6 by the DS field.
CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
DS Field
• The DS field contains two subfields: DSCP and
CU.
– The DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) is a
6-bit subfield that defines the per-hop behavior
(PHB).
– The 2-bit CU (currently unused) subfield is not
currently used.
• The Diffserv capable node (router) uses the
DSCP 6 bits as an index to a table defining the
packet-handling mechanism for the current
packet.
CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
Per-Hop Behavior

• The Diffserv model defines per-hop behaviors


(PHBs) for each node that receives a packet.
– Three PHBs are defined: DE PHB, EF PHB, and AF
PHB.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Per-Hop Behavior
– EF abstraction: “Premium service” with low delay, low-loss, low jitter,
and assured bandwidth.

•EF traffic is often given strict priority queuing above all


other traffic classes.

•AF: Assured Forwarding divides traffic into four classes


where each AF class is guaranteed some minimum
resources (capacity, buffering).
•Within each class, packets are further partitioned into
one of three “drop preference” categories. Congested
routers then drop/mark based on their preference
values.
CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
AF
• Assured forwarding allows the operator to
provide assurance of delivery as long as the
traffic does not exceed some subscribed rate.
• Traffic that exceeds the subscription rate
faces a higher probability of being dropped if
congestion occurs.
• Balanced queue servicing algorithms such as
AF1 or weighted
fair queuing AF2 AF3queuing
fair AF4
(WFQ)
Low
are likely to be used
Medium
High
CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
Traffic Conditioner
• To implement Diffserv, the DS node uses traffic
conditioners such as meters, markers, shapers, and
droppers
• Meters:
– The meter checks to see if the incoming flow matches the
negotiated traffic profile.
– The meter also sends this result to other components.
– The meter can use several tools such as a token bucket to
check the profile.
• Marker :
– A marker can remark a packet that is using best-effort
delivery (DSCP: 000000) or down-mark a packet based on
information received from the meter.
– A marker does not up-mark a packet (promote the class).
CS630: Advanced Computer Networks
Traffic Conditioner

• Shaper:
– A shaper uses the information received from the
meter to reshape the traffic if it is not compliant
with the negotiated profile.
• Dropper:
– A dropper, which works as a shaper with no
buffer, discards packets if the flow severely
violates the negotiated profile.

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


Traffic Conditioner

CS630: Advanced Computer Networks


CS630: Advanced Computer Networks

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