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Single Axis Solar Tracker 2

This document describes a student project to build a single-axis solar tracker using an Arduino. It includes an introduction stating that the solar tracker aims to generate power from sunlight by automatically positioning a solar panel to receive maximum sunlight. The components used are then described, including batteries, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, solar panel, light dependent resistors, DC motor, and motor driver IC. Diagrams of the circuit and code are provided. It explains that the light dependent resistors detect light intensity on both sides of the panel and the Arduino directs the motor to turn the panel towards the brighter side. Applications and advantages of increased power generation are discussed.

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Varun Raj Gupta
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689 views24 pages

Single Axis Solar Tracker 2

This document describes a student project to build a single-axis solar tracker using an Arduino. It includes an introduction stating that the solar tracker aims to generate power from sunlight by automatically positioning a solar panel to receive maximum sunlight. The components used are then described, including batteries, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, solar panel, light dependent resistors, DC motor, and motor driver IC. Diagrams of the circuit and code are provided. It explains that the light dependent resistors detect light intensity on both sides of the panel and the Arduino directs the motor to turn the panel towards the brighter side. Applications and advantages of increased power generation are discussed.

Uploaded by

Varun Raj Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SINGLE AXIS SOLAR

TRACKER USING ARDUINO


PROJECT GUIDE:- RAJINI MAM
CLASS INCHARGE:- SATYA MAM
PRESENTED
PRESENTED BY
BY
NAME
NAME PIN
PIN NO
NO

1.
1. Y.PALLAVI
Y.PALLAVI 19054-EI-215
19054-EI-215

2.
2. P.MURALI
P.MURALI 19054-EI-216
19054-EI-216

3.
3. K.SANDEEP
K.SANDEEP 19054-EI-221
19054-EI-221

4.
4. ADARSH
ADARSH 19054-EI-223
19054-EI-223

5.
5. A.GAYATHRI
A.GAYATHRI 19054-EI-225
19054-EI-225

6.
6. D.VINAY
D.VINAY KUMAR
KUMAR 19054-EI-226
19054-EI-226

7.
7. MD
MD .. ASHWAQ
ASHWAQ 19054-EI-227
19054-EI-227

8.
8. Y.
Y.VARUN
VARUN RAJ
RAJ 19054-EI-234
19054-EI-234
INTRODUCTION:

 THE SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM CAN BE USED AS A


POWER GENERATING METHOD FROM SUNLIGHT. THIS
METHOD OF POWER GENERATION IS SIMPLE AND IS
TAKEN FROM NATURAL SOURCE.
 THIS PROJECT HELPS FOR POWER GENERATION BY
SETTING UP THE EQUIPMENT TO GET THE MAXIMUM
SUNLIGHT AUTOMATICALLY. AND THIS SYSTEM IS USED
FOR TRACKING MAXIMUM INTENSITY OF LIGHT .
 WHEN THERE IS DECREASE IN INTENSITY OF LIGHT, THIS
SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY CHANGES TO ITS DIRECTION
TO GET MAXIMUM INTENSITY OF LIGHT.
ABSTRACT:

* This project deals with the design and analysis of single axis solar tracker .

* The main objective of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through a solar panel and converting it into electricity that can be used and transferred.

* The main feature of this system is it directly takes the coordinate of the sun according to its direction i.e the solar panel takes the sun from east to west automatically
for maximum intensity of light with the help of a motor.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION:

The major components used in single axis solar tracker are:-

1.Power supply(batteries)
2.Arduino UNO
3.solar panel
4.LDR’s
5.DC motor
6.L293D
1.POWER SUPPLY(BATTERIES):
* THE INPUT POWER IS SUPPLIED TO THE
CIRCUIT THROUGH BATTERIES.

2.HERE
* ARDUINO UNO
THE BATTERY IS USED TO STORE THE
ENERGY FROM THE SOLAR PANEL AND IT CAN
*ALSO
ARDUINO UNO IS
BE APPLIED TOATHE LOADS.
MICROCONTROLLER BOARD BASED
ON THE ATMEGA328P.
IT HAS 14 DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT PINS
6 ANALOG INPUTS, A 16 MHZ QUARTZ
CRYSTAL, A USB CONNECTION, A
POWER JACK, AN ICSP HEADER AND A
RESET BUTTON.
* IT CONTAINS EVERYTHING NEEDED
TO SUPPORT THE MICROCONTROLLER;
SIMPLY CONNECT IT TO A COMPUTER
WITH A USB CABLE OR POWER IT WITH
A AC-TO-DC ADAPTER OR BATTERY TO
GET STARTED..
3.SOLAR PANEL:
* THE SOLAR PANEL IS THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF
THE SOLAR TRACKER.
* IT IS USED TO COORDINATE WITH THE DIRECTION OF
SUN.
* THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOLAR PANEL DEPENDS
UPON THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS WHICH AFFECT THE
AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY RECEIVED FROM THE SUN.

4.LIGHT DEPENDENT SENSORS(LDR’S):

* THESE LDR’S ARE USED TO DETECT THE


PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE LIGHT OR
TO MEASURE THE LIGHT INTENSITY.
* LDR’S SENSITIVITY VARIES WITH THE
WAVELENGTH OF THE LIGHT APPLIED.
5. DC MOTOR:
*THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS
DC MOTOR IS USED FOR
GIVING THE MOVEMENT TO
THE SOLAR PANEL BASED ON
THE SUN COORDINATION.

6.L293D:
* A MOTOR DRIVER IC IS USED TO OPERATE THE MOTOR ON EITHER DIRECTION
SIMULTANEOUSLY. IT MIGHT INCLUDE A MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC MEANS FOR
* STARTING AND STOPPING THE MOTOR, SELECTING FORWARD OR REVERSE
ROTATION, SELECTING AND REGULATING THE SPEED, REGULATING OR LIMITING
THE
* TORQUE, AND PROTECTING AGAINST OVERLOADS AND FAULTS.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
ARDUINO PIN DESCRIPTION:

Power USB(1): Arduino can be


powered ON by using the USB
cable. All you need to do is connect
USB cable to the USB connection.

Power jack (2): Arduino can be


powered directly from AC mains by
connecting it to the jack.
Voltage regulator(3): Its function is to
control the voltage when it is given to
the Arduino and it stabilizes the DC
voltages.

Crystal oscillator(4): It helps Arduino in


dealing with time issues.
It calculates time based on the number
printed on Arduino i.e 16.000H9H (It
means the frequency is 16oooHz or
16MHz.
Analog pins(10): the Arduino UNO
has 6 analog i/p pins A0-A5. These
pins can read the analog input signals
from sensors like flow sensors etc and
convert them into digital value which
can be read by microcontroller.
Main Microcontroller(11): this is
considered as the brain of the board.
It is used for performing data transfer,
arithmetic and logical operations.
Digital pins(15):the Arduino has 14 digital
pins of which 6 are PWM(pulse width
modulation). These pins can be configured to
work as input pins to read logic values(0 or 1).
These pins can work as output pins to drive
modules like LED’s, relays etc.
Pins (3.3,5,GND,Vin):
3.3V (6) supply of 3.3 o/p volts
5V (7) supply of 5 o/p volts
GND (8) this pin serves as ground to the board.
Vin (9) acts like a input external power source
Power LED indicator(13): this
should light up when the power
supply is plugged in and if this light
doesn’t turn on then there is
something wrong with connection.
Arduino RESET: it is used to reset
the Arduino board ,this can be done
in 2 ways *by
using reset button (17) *
by using external reset button(5) .
TX & RX LED’s(14): these are used
for serial communication of data.
TX (Transmitting data)
RX (receiving data)

AREF(16): AREF stands for analog


reference it is used to set an external
reference voltage for analog input
pins.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Arduino code(software program):
const int ldr1 = 2;
const int ldr2 = 3;
 
const int ma = 4;
const int mb = 5;
 
 void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
 
pinMode(ldr1, INPUT);
pinMode(ldr2, INPUT);
 
pinMode(ma, OUTPUT);
pinMode(mb, OUTPUT);
 
digitalWrite(ldr1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ldr2, HIGH);
 
digitalWrite(ma, LOW);
digitalWrite(mb, LOW);
 
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run
repeatedly:
if ((digitalRead(ldr1) == LOW) &&
(digitalRead(ldr2) == HIGH))
{
digitalWrite(ma, HIGH);
digitalWrite(mb, LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(ma, LOW);
digitalWrite(mb, LOW);
while (digitalRead(ldr1) == LOW);
}
if ((digitalRead(ldr2) == LOW) &&
(digitalRead(ldr1) == HIGH))
{
digitalWrite(mb, HIGH);
digitalWrite(ma, LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(ma, LOW);
digitalWrite(mb, LOW);
while (digitalRead(ldr2) == LOW);
}
}
WORKING:

*THERE IS A SENSOR CALLED LDR (LIGHT-DEPENDENT RESISTOR).


WHICH DECREASES THE RESISTANCE IN THE CIRCUIT WHEN THE LIGHT IS INCIDENT ON IT.

*THERE ARE TWO LDR IN THE CIRCUIT ON BOTH SIDES.

*SO, WHICH LDR SHOWS THE LESS RESISTANCE THE MOTOR WILL START TO MOVE IN THAT DIRECTION.

*LDR GIVES OUTPUT TO THE ARDUINO EVERY TIME. AND ARDUINO PROCESS THE DATA COMES FROM THE  LDR AND SENDS
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE DC MOTORS.

*AND THIS DC MOTOR GIVES THE MOVEMENT OF THE SOLAR PANEL ACCORDING TO THE COORDINATION OF THE SUN.
APPLICATIONS OF SINGLE AXIS SOLAR TRACKER:

1.IT CAN BE PRIMARILY USED TO GENERATE ELECTRIC POWER TO MEET HOUSEHOLD


AND INDUSTRIAL DEMANDS
2.IT IS USED IN SOLAR POWERED DESALINATION UNIT
3.USED IN SOLAR WATER HEATERS
4.IT IS USED IN SOLAR COOKERS
5.IT IS USED TO CHARGE THE BATTERY IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR MINIMIZING THE
FUEL CONSUMPTION
FUTURE EXPANSION:

THERE ALWAYS REMAINS AN INFINITE SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT TO A SYSTEM DESIGN. FOLLOWING ARE THE
FEW ENHANCEMENTS THAT MAY ADD FURTHER VALUE TO THE SYSTEM-

- IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURE

-IMPROVING THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY

-INCREASING THE RANGE OF SOLAR PANEL

-AUTOMATICALLY STOPPING THE MOTOR WHEN THERE IS NO NEED OF MOVEMENT


ADVANTAGES / MERITS:
-SINGLE-AXIS TRACKERS ARE MORE RELIABLE.
-SINGLE-AXIS HAS A LONGER LIFESPAN
-SINGLE-AXIS TRACKERS ARE IDEAL FOR COMPANIES WITH A
LOWER BUDGET.
-SINGLE-AXIS TRACKERS ARE NEARLY 32.17% EFFICIENT
COMPARED TO A FIXED SOLAR TRACKER MOUNT PANEL. 
-THESE TRACKERS FOLLOW THE SUN FROM EAST TO WEST,
PROVIDING CONSISTENT POWER OUTPUT ALL DAY LONG.
-THE TRACKERS GENERATE 15-16% HIGHER ANNUAL POWER
AS COMPARED TO A STATIC STATION OF THE SAME
INSTALLED CAPACITY.
CONCLUSION:
An application of solar tracker using Arduino approach has been presented
presented in this study as a conclusion,

Firstlythe development of tracking system to control and monitor the
movement of solar panel based on the intensity of light is achieved. The solar
panel will face the sun perpendicularly to absorb more solar energy.

Secondly, solar tracking systems generate more output during the hours while
fixed solar panel installation generates least power. However shading effect give
a slightly impact for solar panel to produce the output value.

Thirdly the percentage efficiency of the system in energy conversion increase
when implemented the tracking system. The efficiency gain varies significantly
with altitude and the orientation of a fixed solar panel installation in the same
location.
THANK YOU

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