Topic Sentence

Supporting Lecturer :
M. Aries Taufiq

By Group 4 :
Eka Ratna Dilla (2319085)
Sisra Yolanda (2319090)
Vira Febrianti Wahyuni (2319093)
Winda Vitriani (2319114)
 Sub Topic
Definition and Function of Sentences
Elements of Sentence
Thype and Example of Sentence
 Definition and Function of Sentences
 Definition  Function
The fungtion of topic sentences is:
A topic sentence is a sentence that  It informs the reader of the paragraph’s direction
introduces a paragraph by presenting The topic sentence announces the direction of
the one topic that will be the focus the paragraph’s conversation. With the help of
an effective topic sentence, readers will better
of that paragraph. The structure of a understand what the paragraph will be about.
paragraph should imitate the  It guides the reader through the major points
organization of a paper. Just like the that support the thesis statement
thesis statement gives the main idea Since each paragraph—or a group of paragraphs
—elaborates on a part of the thesis statement, a
of the paper at the essay level, the topic sentence can help clarify the relationship
topic sentence gives the main idea at between the paragraph and the thesis statement.
the paragraph level. The rest of the Clearly worded topic sentences may help
paragraph then supports that readers find the paper’s position or argument
more convincing.
topic.Topic sentences should:  It places boundaries on the paragraph’s content
 Be specific and have a narrower focus
The body of the paragraph provides support for
than your thesis statement. the topic sentence. The paragraph should only
 Appear in or near the first sentence of include evidence and details that relate directly
the paragraph. to the boundary established by the topic
 Introduce the topic of the paragraph. sentence
 Elements of Sentence
Subjects Predicates
Subject is something Predicates is a word that
(person, object or animal) describes the state (subject)
which is the subject of of the subject.in English, a
discussion. To find out the sentence must have a
subject of a sentence we can predicate in the form of a
ask the question: who? or verb (verb), and if there is
what? . no verb, for example in a
 Complete Subject. nominal sentence, which is
 Simple Subject. a sentence whose predicate
 Compound Subject is other than a verb, then
there must be an auxilary
verb (helping verb).
Objects ADJUNCT (ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION)

Object is a noun or pronoun which Adjucts are words that explain or

is the target of the predicate (the provide information about an
work objective of the subject). object or subject in a sentence.
 Direct object
 Sentence Patterns
 Indirect object
 Prepositional Object
 Subject + verb transitive+ direct
object. Example : I just sent an
email.
 Complements  Subject + verb transitive+ indirect
Complements are words or words object + direct object. Example : I
that complement (complete) the just sent you an email.
meaning of the verb (verb) in a  Subject + verb intransitive+/-
sentence. adverb. Example : He speaks
 Subject Complement slowly.
 Object Complement  Subject + linking verb +
 Adjective Complement noun/adjective. Example : He is a
 Verb Complement scientist.
 Adverbials
 Sentence Structure  Complex sentence
A complex sentence is a sentence
 Simple sentence
with one independent clause and at
A simple sentence is a least one dependent clause.
sentence structure that Examples : Rifqi and Uli love each
contains one independent other very much although the
clause and no dependent distance between their home is so
far.
clauses. Examples: Harisman
lives in Makassar city.
 Compound sentence  Compound-complex sentence
A compound sentence is A sentence with at least two
composed of at least two independent clauses and one or
independent clauses. It does more dependent clauses (which
not require a dependent can also be called subordinate
clause) is referred to as a complex-
clause. The students of
compound sentence. Sometimes
English education department also called a compound-complex
of State Islamic University of sentence. Examples : Mursyidah
Makassar go refreshing every Mutia Izza enjoys learning reading,
last semester, and they usually but Iswahyudi, who is smart at
have fun. reading, enjoys learning speaking.
 Thype and Example of Sentence
Do not confuse with the 4 types of sentence structure. There are types of english
sentence, classified by their purpose:
 Declarative sentence (statement)
 Interrogative sentence (question)
 Imperative sentence (command)
 Exclamative sentence (exclamation)
 Sentence types are sometimes called clause types.

Example Sentence Final

No Form Function
(Clause) Punctuation

declarative statement it tells us something John likesMary.

1 .

interrogative question : it asks us something Does Mary like John?

2 ?
command: it tells us to do
imperative stop! Close the door.
3 something ! or .
exclamation: it What a funny story he
exclamative
4 expressessurprise told us! !
 Declarative sentence (statement) Interrogative sentence (question)

Declarative sentences make a Interrogative sentences make a

statement. They tell us something. They question. They ask us something. They want
give us information, and they normallt and information, and they always and with a
with a full-stop/ period. The usual word question mark. The usual word orde for the
order for the declarative sentence is interrogative sentence is: (wh-word+)
(Subject + verb).Declarative sentences can auxiliary + subject + verb. Interrogative
be positive or negative. sentences can be positive or negative.
Look at these example: Look at these examples:

positive negative
positive negative

Do you like coffe? Don’t you like coffe?

I like coffe. I do not like coffe.
Why did you go? Why didn’t you go?
We watched TV last We did not watch Tv
night. last night.
 Imperative sentence (command) Exclamative sentence (exclamation)

Imperative sentences give a command. Exclamative sentences express

They tell us to do something, and they and strong emotion/ surprise- an
with a full – stop/ period (.) or exclsmstion exclamation- and they always and
mark/ point(!).The usual word order for the
with an exclamation mark/ point
imperative sentence is Base verb. Note that
there is usually no subject- because the (!).
subject is understood, it is You. Imperative The usual word order for the
sentences can be positive or negative. exclamative sentence is:
Look at these examples: What (+ adjective ) + subject +
verb
How (+ adjective/ adverb) +
Positive Negative subject + verb
Look at these examples:
stop! Do not stop! What a liar he is !
What an exciting movie it
give her coffe. Don't give her coffe. was!
How he lied!
How exciting the movie was!
THANK YOU