DESIGN OF PARKING

SYSTEM
FOR CO-OP OFFICES / COMMERTIAL BUILDINGS

DIGVIJAY H. RAMTEKE
MT15CTM013
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
 Co-op offices:-

 A place in which business, clerical, or professional

activities are conducted.
 The administrative personnel, executives, or staff
working in such a place

 Commertial Buildings:-
 Is a building that is used for commercial use. Types
can include office buildings, warehouses, or retail (i.e.
convenience stores, 'big box' stores, shopping malls,
etc.).
 INTRODUCTION
One of the problems created by road traffic is parking. Not
only do vehicles require street space to move about, but
also they require space to park where the occupants can
be loaded and unloaded. The period over which a car is
parked is very great compared with the time it is in
motion. The size of average parking space is 14 m2. It is
roughly estimated that out of 8760 hours in a year, the car
runs on an average for only 400 hours, leaving 8360 hours
when it is parked. Every car owner would wish to park the
car as closely as possible to his destination so as to
minimize his walking.
TYPES OF PARKING SYSTEM
 On street parking :- On street parking means the vehicles are
parked on the sides of the street itself. This will be usually
controlled by government agencies itself. Common types of on-
street parking are as listed below. As per IRC the standard
dimensions of a car is taken as 5× 2.5 m and that for a truck is 3.75×
7.5 m.
1} On street parking
1. Parallel parking:- The vehicles are parked along the length of the
road. Here there is no backward movement involved while parking or
un parking the vehicle. Hence, it is the most safest parking from the
accident perspective. However, it consumes the maximum curb length
and therefore only a minimum number of vehicles can be parked for a
given kerbed length. This method of parking produces least
obstruction to the on-going track on the road since least road width is
used.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
 Works well in extremely narrow, linear spaces.
 Requires minimum pavement area .

Disadvantages
 Difficult maneuvering for most drivers
 Less than ideal visibility of adjacent traffic
 Inefficient use of on-street space
1} On street parking
2. 30 parking :- In thirty degree parking, the
vehicles are parked at 30 with respect to the road
alignment. In this case, more vehicles can be parked
compared to parallel parking. Also there is better
maneuverability. Delay caused to the traffic is also
minimum in this type of parking
30 parking :-
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
Easy parking
Reduced width requirements for layout

 Disadvantages
Requires the most pavement per vehicle
Doesn't work well with two-way aisles
1} On street parking
3. 45 parking:- As the angle of parking increases, more
number of vehicles can be parked. Hence compared to
parallel parking and thirty degree parking, more number
of vehicles can be accommodated in this type of parking.
From figure 3, length of parking space available for
parking number of vehicles in a given kerb is =
3.54N+1.77
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Reduced width requirements for layout
Easy maneuvering in and out of parking spaces
Good visibility to the rear

Disadvantages
Doesn't work well with two-way aisles
Requires more pavement per vehicle than
perpendicular parking configuration
1} On street parking
60 parking :-The vehicles are parked at 60 to the
direction of road. More number of vehicles can be
accommodated in this parking type. From the figure 4,
length available for parking vehicles =2.89N+2.16.
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
in and out of parking spaces
Good visibility
Lends itself to either one-or two-way aisles
Most common short term parking configuration

Disadvantages
Requires more pavement per vehicle than perpendicular
configuration
Handles less vehicles per linear meter
1} On street parking
Right angle parking :-In right angle parking or 90 parking, the
vehicles are parked perpendicular to the direction of the road. Although it
consumes maximum width kerb length required is very little. In this type
of parking, the vehicles need complex maneuvering and this may cause
severe accidents. This arrangement causes obstruction to the road traffic
particularly if the road width is less. However, it can accommodate
maximum number of vehicles for a given kerb length. An example is
shown in figure 5. Length available for parking number of vehicles is =
2.5N.
 Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
 Works well with either one-or two-way aisles
 Handles the most vehicles per square meter of pavement
 Handles most vehicles per linear meter

Disadvantages
 Requires widest area
 Difficult maneuvering for some drivers
 Two-way traffic can create some visibility problems
2} Off street parking
2. Off street parking:- Off street parking means
vehicles are parked off the street itself. This will be
usually controlled by commercial agencies itself.
 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN:-
According to the desired use of the building, the
parking space is designed by the architecture on the
initial phase/ design phase of that building.
A parking lot is an area that is assigned for parking
Normally, the parking spaces are marked on the
ground with white or yellow lines that form squares
that each fit one car.
In INDIA, there is a less availability of space/land
Hence for co-operative and commertial buildings
underground parking lots are preferred as parking
system.

Orion mall parking banglore

 Parking garages
A parking garages is also called car park, parking
structure, parking building, parking ramp, parkade
or parking deck.

There are several types of parking garages:-

1. Underground parking garage
2. Single level parking garage
3. Multilevel or multi-storey parking garage
 1. Underground parking garage
An underground parking garage has levels below the
surface and none above ground.
Most often underground parking identification-
systems/next-garages are located in city centers where
there’s not much space available to build a parking
facility, but there is a big need to build one.
2. Single level parking garage
A single level parking garage is a parking garage that
only has only one floor.
3.Multilevel or multi-storey parking garage
Multilevel or multi-storey parking garages are parking garages
that have multiple floors to park at.
The design of a multilevel parking garage can be very different.
The most common design is a garage with ramps to move from
one level to another.
Less common are parking garages that use lifts to go from level to
level.
Then there are also parking garages with robotic systems that
move cars from one level to another.
The floors of the parking garage can either go up, down or both.
Mahatma phule mandai ,pune
Multistoreyed car parking structure,
mandai, Pune
Automated parking garage

The car park operates as followed:

1. You drive your car onto a platform in the garage.
2. Then the automated parking system will move
your car to the available parking space somewhere
in the tower.
3. The cars can be moved vertically and horizontally
with the use of hydraulic or mechanical lifts.
Automated parking garage
 Automated Parking System (APS)

An Automated Parking System or APS is a mechanical

system that moves cars from the entry to an available
parking space.
It uses multiple levels and stacks cars vertically to use
as less land as possible to park as many cars as
possible.
It’s entirely automatic and doesn’t require any staff.
Automated Parking System (APS)
 Automated Parking Systems are sometimes also
called:
1. Mechanical Parking
2. System Robotic Parking
3. System Rotary Parking
4. System Automatic Parking
5. Stacker Parking
 TYPES OF AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING

 Lift Box Type

 ELEVAED PARK
 Rotary smart parking
 Round Type
 Multilevel car parking
Lift Box Type:
Elevated car parking
ROTERY TYPE CAR PARKING
 ROTERY TYPE CAR PARKING

 THE SPACE FOR PARKING 2 CARS CAN HOLD MORE

THAN 8 CARS.
 It adopts rotating fore mechanism so as to minimize the
vibration and noise.
 Flexible operation, PLC control
 No caretaker is needed, key pressing operation.
 Easy to assembly and dismantle since it adopts composite
parts.
 High safety, complete inspecting device
 Stable and reliable
ROUND TYPE PARKING
Volkswagen Car Parking
Tower in Wolfsburg,
Deutschland
Automated Parking System (APS)
Advantages for customers:
1. No need to search for available parking spaces
2. No need to walk through the parking garage
3. Time saving
4. Consistent parking experience
5. Your car is parked safe and secure (no worry about theft / damage)
Advantages for municipalities / Property owners:
1. Space efficiency
2. Environmental friendliness (No driving around inside)
3. Visual impact increased
4. Increases public safety (Less opportunity for theft, accidents, assault)
5. Money-saving advantages
 CAR PARK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

Understand existing car parking provision.

Determining a policy on car parking provision
 Existing car parking provision
The number of spaces provided, and thE allocation for
disabled badge holders, visitors etc.
The cost for providing car parking
Who is currently entitled to park.
Whether the demand for parking by staff, visitors and
others users of the site is greater than current
provision.
Whether staff, visitors and other users park in
surrounding areas and cause a nuisance to your
neighbours
 Calculating the cost of car parking

Maintenance:- includes resurfacing, remarking of

bays, landscaping, cleaning, lighting.

Management:-provision of car parking control

methods, for example barriers, providing car park
permits, security and car park attendants.

Cost of leasing the land or purchasing contract

parking
 Determining a car park strategy:-
1. Developing a hierarchy for users at site, for example
customers taking priority over staff.
 Determining a car park strategy:-
2. Providing for mobility impaired people.
3. Indentifying who requires a car to conduct company
business.
4. Shift workers, particularly those who start work during the
early hours of the morning or late evening
5. Excluding the people who can realistically travel by bus ,
train
6. Sensible allocation of space based on distance between
home and the worksplace
7. Those who need the car for other good reason(e. g. duty of
care etc)
 Charging for car Parking
Staff are likely to oppose the introduction of parking charges however
low they may appear.

Organisation are reluctant to introduce them.

For commertial building the free or charged parking system may be

provided .

For charged parking system , tolls are installed at entrance of parking.

The benefits of introducing charging are:- it can raise revenue which

can be used for other purposes.
 Parking space requirements:-
IRC Standards for Parking Areas for Development
(1988):-The following table provides the IRC recommendations on
the Provision of Parking Spaces for Urban Areas. The IRC standards
may still be used for smaller sized cities/towns in India:
IRC Standards for Parking Areas for Development
IRC Standards for Parking Areas for Development
IRC Standards for Parking Areas for Development
 Disabled parking

Blue badge/ disabled person permit.:- the blue

badge scheme allows disabled and blind people to
park closer to shop and amenities. This means the
permit holders can drive or to be driven to areas
within town and cities where parking is restricted.

Disabled parking bays:- If the person is disabled

and have problem parking close enough to home ,
then that person can apply for disabled persons
parking bay.
Blue badge:-
Provision for blue badge parking
Car park used for Car park size
200 bays or less Over 200 bays

Employees and (Individual bays 6 bays plus 2% of

visitors to business for each disabled total capacity
premises employee plus) 2 bays
or 5% of total capacity,
whichever is greater

Shopping, recreation 3 bays or 6% of total 4 bays plus 4% of

and leisure capacity, whichever is total capacity
greater

Educational 1 bay or 5% of total capacity, whichever is

Establishments greater
Parking studies
Before taking any measures for the betterment of
conditions, data regarding availability of parking
space, extent of its usage and parking demand is
essential.
It is also required to estimate the parking fares also.
Parking surveys are intended to provide all these
information.
Since the duration of parking varies with different
vehicles, several statistics are used to access the
parking need.
 Parking statistics
Parking accumulation: It is defined as the number of
vehicles parked at a given instant of time. Normally this is
expressed by accumulation curve. Accumulation curve is the
graph obtained by plotting the number of bays occupied with
respect to time.
Parking volume: Parking volume is the total number of
vehicles parked at a given duration of time. This does not
account for repetition of vehicles. The actual volume of
vehicles entered in the area is recorded.
Parking load : Parking load gives the area under the
accumulation curve. It can also be obtained by simply
multiplying the number of vehicles occupying the parking
area at each time interval with the time interval. It is
expressed as vehicle hours.
 Parking statistics
Average parking duration: It is the ratio of total
vehicle hours to the number of vehicles parked.

 Parking turnover: It is the ratio of number of vehicles

parked in a duration to the number of parking bays
available.
 Parking statistics
Parking index: Parking index is also called
occupancy or efficiency. It is defined as the ratio of
number of bays occupied in a time duration to the
total space available. It gives an aggregate measure of
how effectively the parking space is utilized. Parking
index can be found out as follows
 Parking surveys
Parking surveys are conducted to collect the above said parking
statistics. The most common parking surveys conducted are in-
out survey, fixed period sampling and license plate method of
survey.
1) In-out survey: In this survey, the occupancy count in the
selected parking lot is taken at the beginning. Then the number
of vehicles that enter the parking lot for a particular time
interval is counted. The number of vehicles that leave the
parking lot is also taken. The final occupancy in the parking lot
is also taken. Here the labor required is very less. Only one
person may be enough. But we wont get any data regarding the
time duration for which a particular vehicle used that parking
lot. Parking duration and turn over is not obtained. Hence we
cannot estimate the parking fare from this survey.
 Parking surveys
2) Fixed period sampling: This is almost similar to in-out survey.
All vehicles are counted at the beginning of the survey. Then
after a fixed time interval that may vary between 15 minutes to i
hour, the count is again taken. Here there are chances of missing
the number of vehicles that were parked for a short duration.
3) License plate method of survey: This results in the most
accurate and realistic data. In this case of survey, every parking
stall is monitored at a continuous interval of 15 minutes or so
and the license plate number is noted down. This will give the
data regarding the duration for which a particular vehicle was
using the parking bay. This will help in calculating the fare
because fare is estimated based on the duration for which the
vehicle was parked. If the time interval is shorter, then there are
less chances of missing short-term parkers. But this method is
very labor intensive.
Building services required in parking area
Open, glass stairwells and glass-backed elevators Security devices -video, audio and
emergency buttons that call into the booth or local police station

 Public telephones Eliminate potential hiding places, such as under open stairs

Handicap accessibility with vehicles close to stair and elevator cores have a direct path
to key movement patterns of the garage

ventilation -avoid carbon monoxide build-up, designed adequate air flow for through
mechanical and/or natural.

Non-slip floor surface -ensure safety of movement of the man and automobile

Energy efficiency in lighting

 balance between day lighting, interior lighting and exterior control especially on the
exterior design of the façade while providing adequate lighting within.

 Lights should be vandal resistant and easy to maintain

Building services required in parking area
Security :-
Lighting :-
Entry / Exit gate check :-
Fire fighting :-
Blocks for easy access :-
Ventilation :-
Stairs / Lift and their location :-
Problem due to bad parking
Thank you