Objective of The IPC (Indian Penal Code)

Objective of the IPC (Indian Penal Code):
The objective of this Act is to provide a general Penal Code for India. Though this Code consolidates
the whole of the law on the subject and is exhaustive on the matters in respect of which it declares the
law, many more penal statutes governing various offences have been created in addition to this code.
The Indian security system has been one that has gone through a lot of tests and examinations
throughout the time. This is due to the political as well as the social situation of the country. India is a
land of diverse cultures and traditions and it is a place where people from various religions as well as
ethnic backgrounds live together.
Structure
The Indian Penal Code of 1860, sub-divided into 23 chapters, comprises 511 sections. The Code starts
with an introduction, provides explanations and exceptions used in it, and covers a wide range of
offences.
Crime:

A crime is defined as any act that is contrary to legal code or laws. There are many different types of
crimes, from crimes against persons to victimless crimes and violent crimes to white collar crimes. ...
Prostitution, illegal gambling, and illegal drug use are all examples of victimless crimes.
Elements of a crime:
• A criminal act (Actus Rea)

• A criminal state of mind (Mens Rea)
• Concurrence of a criminal act and a criminal state of mind.
• Causation.(Motive)
What is Criminology?
By criminology we mean the science whose purpose is the study of the phenomenon called criminality, in its
entire extent (this is theoretical or ‘pure’ criminology) whilst side by side with this theoretical science, and
founded upon its conclusions, we have what is called practical or applied criminology.
The subject-matter, therefore, of the science of criminology is criminality, i.e. the crimes which are
committed and the persons who commit them; the juridical aspect of the problem, i.e. the legal formulation
of the various crimes being at best a matter of indirect interest to the criminologist
Criminology is the study of crime from a social perspective, including examining who commits crimes, why
they commit them, their impact, and how to prevent them.
Criminology is a branch of sociology, which traditionally examines human behaviour, interaction, and
organization. However, it also ties in research and concepts from other areas of study, such as philosophy,
anthropology, biology, and psychology.
Criminologists examine a broad range of topics related to crime. They are dedicated to studying not only the
causes of crime but the social roots and impact as well.
The end goal of criminology is to determine the root causes of criminal behaviour and to develop effective and
humane means for preventing it. These goals have produced several schools of thought within the discipline,
each of which looks at different factors involved in deviant behaviour and comes to different conclusions about
how best to approach the issues.
What is
CRIMINOLOGY?
Classic Definition – According to Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey:
Criminology is a body of knowledge regarding crime as a social
phenomenon.
It includes within its scope the processes of making laws, of breaking of

laws, and of reaction toward the breaking of laws.
Beccaria, an Italian scholar is the father of modern criminology.

Objectives of
Criminology
The development of a body of general and verified principles and of
other types of knowledge regarding this process of law, crime, and its
control and prevention, and the treatment of the offenders.
Criminology Distinguished from Other Related Disciplines Criminology:
An Interdisciplinary Science. It involves two or more academic fields,
namely:
1. Sociology
2. Criminal justice,
3. Political science,
4. Psychology,
5. Economics,
6. Natural Sciences
Criminology Distinguished from Other
Related
Disciplines
• Criminology explains the origin, Criminal Justice refers to the
extent, and nature of crime in agencies of social control.
society. Criminal justice scholars seek
• Criminologists identify the more effective methods of crime
nature, extent and causes of control and offender rehabilitation
crime. and deterrence.
What is penology?
Penology, also called Penal Science, the division of criminology that concerns itself with the
philosophy and practice of society in its efforts to repress criminal activities. As the term signifies (from
Latin poena, “pain,” or “suffering”), penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still stands for
the policy of inflicting punishment on the offender as a consequence of his wrongdoing; but it may
reasonably be extended to cover other policies, not punitive in character, such as probation, medical
treatment, and education, aimed at the cure or rehabilitation of the offender; and this is, in fact, the
accepted present sense of the term.
The principal aims of penal science are: to bring to light the ethical bases of punishment, along with
the motives and purposes of society in inflicting it; to make a comparative study of penal laws and
procedures through history and between nations; and, finally, to evaluate the social consequences of
the policies in force at a given time. Thus conceived, penology represents a grouping of studies, some
of which, dealing with the aims and the moral or social justifications of punishment, date from a
remote past, while others, having to do with the wider social implications of the system, have
scarcely yet made a beginning.

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Objective of the IPC (Indian Penal Code):

• A criminal act (Actus Rea)

It includes within its scope the processes of making laws, of breaking of

Beccaria, an Italian scholar is the father of modern criminology.

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