GSM OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION TO GSM
(Global system for mobile communication)

 The objective of this lecture is to make

the Students understand the GSM basic
technology & to familiarize the students
about the System architecture of GSM &
also the functions of the channels involved
in forward & reverse directions
FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS
 What should be the range of Radio
Transmitter and what area it is supposed to
cover.
 The N/W should provide the service to
millions of subscribers.
 Full, seamless service coverage.
 Should provide required no of circuits for
meeting the demand.
 MOBILE COMMUNICATION
WIRELESS GENERATIONS

 1 G : Analog (cellular revolution)

: Only mobile voice services
 2 G : Digital (Many incompatible standards)
: Mostly for voice services and low rate data
delivery possible.
 3 G : Voice and Data
: Besides voice transmission, different DATA
rates also guaranteed. Seamless Roaming.
Personal ID.
 NECESSITY OF GSM
 Different countries had different standards for
mobile communication.
 Some of the standards are TACS, AMPS, NMT, D
AMPS etc.
 All these standards are incompatible.
 Using same mobile communication, Standards in
different countries are not same, not possible.
 European community took the steps to
standardize the specifications.
 The standards will be applicable to whole of E.C.
 NECESSITY OF GSM
 To align itself with development of fixed networks
and be able to develop services along the lines of
evolutions of other networks.
 To be developed on lines of ISDN, in its structure
and in defining actual services.
 Should be possible to use on board. The Ships as
an extension of Land Mobile Service.
 Mobile could be vehicle mounted, Handheld and
of portable kind.
 Speech quality should be better or as good as
Analogue Systems.
 Should have Higher Spectral Efficiency.
 G.S.M
 The idea of GSM ( Group Special Mobile.)
was conceived by European community in
early Eighties.
 The name was later changed to global
system for mobile communication
 European community wanted to have a
common standard for their mobile
communication so that the services could be
used in all the member countries.
 GSM Continued.
 GSM was the first Successful global mobile
technology which could easily cover the whole
world.
 Voice Coders have been used in GSM thus
enhancing the spectral efficiency& providing the
better quality of Service.
 GSM membership was open to the whole world, as
the GSM network is connected to NSD & ISD
besides having connectivity to the local PSTN
network.
 GSM DRIVING FORCES
 Amenable to ISDN Services.
 Capacity enhancement
 Better Speech Quality.
 Data and Facsimile
 Small, Low Cost Handheld.
 Privacy
 International Roaming
 Standard Interfaces
 Digital Signal Processing
 Short Message Service
SALIENT FEATURES OF GSM
 Standard for a Global system for Mobile
Communication
 GSM 900 (900 MHz Band, Max. Cell
Radius :35 KMs
 DCS 1800 (1800 MHz Band, Max. Cell
Radius :8KMs
 Digital Radio Interface
 Free Movement of Mobile Subscriber on a
National and International basis.
GLOBAL SYSTEM MOBILE COMM.

 The Prominent Mobile Technologies in use

are :
 GSM 900 (Global System for Mobile
Communications – adopted in GENEVA
TELECOM 91 )
 America Digital Cellular – ADC
 Digital Cellular of JAPAN - JPC
 LIMITATION OF ANALOG
TECHNOLOGIES
 The System is not amenable to meet future trends
in Telecom to cater for user needs of Data, ISDN
etc.
 It had Capacity restrictions.
 Better Quality and Security were areas of concern.

BASIC OBJECTVES OF GSM

 The System shall be designed such that Mobiles
can be used in all participating Countries.
 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
 GSM is multi-operator system.
 Allows number of operators per country.
 The number of countries are not limited.
 GSM system area is the Assembly of all GSM
networks.
 GSM allows multi-vender system.
 The operator can buy elements of his network from
different manufacturers.
 Every operator can design his network within
certain frame work according to his business
decision.
 GSM is truly an open system and mobile stations
from all manufacturers can be used in all GSM
networks.
 GSM MILESTONES
(ETSI)
1982 GSM ACTIVITIES STARTED
1986 FIELD TESTS WERE CONDUCTED
1987 ACCESS METHOD TDMA WAS ADOPTED
1988 MOU WAS SIGNED BY 18 COUNTRIES
1988 - 1990 FIELD TRIALS OF THE EQUIPMENT WERE
STARTED.
COMMERCIAL OPERATION WAS PROPOSED :
1990 DELAYED , SHIFTED TO 1992.
 COVERAGE OF CAPITAL CITIES AND AIRPORTS
 COVERAGE OF MAIN ROADS
 COVERAGE OF COUNTRYSIDE WAS ALSO
INCLUDED..
G.S.M. gave the first Digital Mobile Communication
standard.
It is capable of transmitting both voice , Data & Fax.

GSM Architecture.
 It uses TDMA as multiple access.
 One Radio channel of 200 KHz BW can support 8 full
rate traffic channels.
 Spectral Efficiency is better than Analog standards
which uses 25 KHz
 Because each radio channel is equivalent to 8 full rate or
16 half rate voice channels thus having the capacity more
than double when compared with Analogue
Communication.


 TO ALIGN ITSELF WITH DEVELOPMENT OF FIXED
NETWORKS AND BE ABLE TO DEVELOP SERVICES
ALONG THE LINES OF EVOLUTIONS OF OTHER
NETWORKS.

 TO BE DEVELOPED ON LINES OF ISDN, IN ITS

STRUCTURE AND IN DEFINING ACTUAL SERVICES.

 SHOULD BE POSSBILE TO USE ON BOARD The

SHIPS AS AN EXTENSION OF LAND MOBILE
SERVICE.

 MOBILE COULD BE VEHICLE MOUNTED,

HANDHELD AND OF PORTABLE KIND

 SPEECH QUALITY SHOULD BE BETTER OR AS

GOOD AS ANALOGUE SYSTEMS.

 SHOULD HAVE HIGHER SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY.

 G.S.M System Specifications.
NUMBER OF RF : 124
CARREIRS
DELAY EQUALI- : 6Microsecs
SATION
. C/I (CO-CHANNEL) : 9 Db
Diversity Methods- : ADAPTIVE
EQUALISATION
FREQUENCY STABILITY:

(BS) : 0.05ppm
(MS) : 1.00ppm
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS

BASE STATION TRANSMITS :935-960Mhz

BASE STATION RECEIVES :890-915Mhz
DUPLEX SPACING :45Mhz
ACCESS METHOD :NARROW BAND TDMA
CHANNEL BAND WIDTH : 200 KHZ
TIME SLOTS : 8
MODULATION : GMSK

TRANSMISSION BIT RATE : 270.833 kb/s

SPEECH CODEC : 13 kb/s
 TX/RX SPACING :45 MHz
 MODULATION : 0.3 GMSK
VOICE CODER BIT RATE : 13KBPS
 TX/RX SPACING TIMING : 3 TS
 TRANSMISSION BIR RATE : 270.833 KBPS
 FEC : 9.8 KBPS
 Base station Receiver : - 104 dbm
 MS HANDHELD : - 102 dbm
Other MS : - 104 dbm
 Overhead Bits : 11.054 KBPS
 Total /TS : 13 KBPS + 9.8 KBPS
+ 11.05 KBPS
= 33.854 KBPS
 Data transmission : 9.6 KBPS