KNOWING

ONESELF

PREPARED BY: JOHN BENEDICT C. GOJO CRUZ, RPm, LPT

 WHAT IS “SELF”?
■ The ”self” is defined as the individuality of
a person which is the subject of learning
experiences, varied emotions and
thoughts.
■ One’s concept of the self is not readily
evident as one unfolds his
consciousness.
■ Self-concept becomes a product of the
thorough learning that one derives both
from his “nature” or biological inheritance
represented by one’s genes and by the
environment also known as “nurture.”
 WHAT IS “SELF”?
■ Studies confirm that when you know and understand
yourself, it will lead you to better decision-making, less
inner conflict, attainable goals, and eventually a more
productive, contented, and happy life.
■ Determining your values, strengths, and limitations is
the first step in gaining a better understanding of
yourself.
■ Your values in life would reveal how strongly you feel
about certain things and these are manifested by how
firmly you adhere to your beliefs, by the activities that
draw your interest, and the things that make you feel
good.
■ Knowing your limitations may help you decide when
and how to start finding and achieving what you can
do in life.
INGHAM AND LUFT’S JOHARI WINDOW
MODEL DIAGRAMS
INGHAM AND LUFT’S JOHARI WINDOW
MODEL DIAGRAMS
INGHAM AND LUFT’S JOHARI WINDOW
MODEL DIAGRAMS
■ The Johari Window model which is a four-quadrant grid
was developed by American psychologist Joseph Luft and
Harry Ingham in 1955 at the University of California Los
Angeles.
■ This tool is a direct and useful to achieve self-awareness,
learning about the self as a human being as well as
developing healthy relations between individuals.
■ Disclosing elements, traits, and characteristics about the
self lead to evaluation of the self as well as deriving
feedback from the significant others.
 OPEN AREA
(QUADRANT 1)

BLIND AREA
(QUADRANT 2)
JOHARI WINDOW’S
FOUR QUADRANTS HIDDEN AREA
(QUADRANT 3)

UNKNOWN AREA
(QUADRANT 4)
OPEN AREA (QUADRANT 1)
■ This quadrant represents
the things you know about
yourself, and the things
that others know about
you.
■ This includes your
behavior, knowledge,
skills, attitude, and “public”
history.
 BLIND AREA (QUADRANT 2)
■ This quadrant represent things
about you that you aren’t aware
of, but are known by others.
■ This can include simple
information that you do not know,
or it can involve deep issues (for
example, feeling of inadequacy,
incompetence, unworthiness, or
rejection), which are often difficult
for individuals to face directly, and
yet can be seen by others.
HIDDEN AREA (QUADRANT 3)

■ This quadrant represent

things that you know
about yourself; but that
others don’t know.
UNKNOWN AREA (QUADRANT 4)

■ This last quadrant

represents things that
are unknown to you,
and are unknown to
others.
 ADVANTAGES OF KNOWING
THYSELF
■ Self-knowledge will aid you not only in understanding yourself
but also in relating with others.
■ It is the start of becoming a happy person.
■ It is true that when your outside actions are in accordance with
your inside feelings and values, you will experience less inner
conflict.
■ You can make better choices about everything, from small
decisions like what to wear, in going to a certain place or what to
eat for lunch to big decisions like what career to choose if and
when you know yourself.
 ADVANTAGES OF KNOWING
THYSELF
■ If you know yourself well, you will understand what motivates you to do
good and to resist bad ones.
■ You would have the insight to know your values and goals that activate
your willpower.
■ If you know yourself and is grounded on your values and preferences,
you can firmly say “NO.” and you can say what you mean without
feeling guilty.
■ If you are aware of your weaknesses and struggles then you can
empathize with others.
■ Being who you truly are would help you feel more alive and make you
experience a richer, larger, and more exciting life.
 HOW DO YOU GAIN SELF-
AWARENESS?
If you want to improve your self-
awareness and develop your
potential, here are some steps
that you may follow.
1. Understand your life story/
Introspection/Self-analysis
 UNDERSTAND YOUR LIFE STORY,
INTROSPECTION OR SELF-ANALYSIS
■ To fully understand yourself, you need
to fully grasp your life story.
■ Life stories do not simply reflect
personality.
■ “They are your personality, or more,
accurately, they are important parts of
your personality, along with other
parts, like dispositional traits, goals,
and values,” writes Dan McAdams, in
a chapter for the APA Handbook of
Personality and Social Psychology.
 UNDERSTAND YOUR LIFE STORY,
INTROSPECTION OR SELF-ANALYSIS
“Who am I?”
“What do I really want?”
“Why am I here?”
“What will become of me?”
■ Engaging on self-questioning may
lead one to answer that may include a
look into the pros and cons,
advantages and disadvantages,
positive and negative sides of the idea
in question.
 HOW DO YOU GAIN SELF-
AWARENESS?
If you want to improve your self-
awareness and develop your
potential, here are some steps
that you may follow.
1. Understand your life story/
Introspection/Self-analysis
2. Make self-reflection a daily
habit.
MAKE SELF-
REFLECTION
A DAILY
HABIT
MAKE SELF-REFLECTION A DAILY
HABIT
■ Reflective journaling can be a way
to understand yourself better.
■ A journal is where you put your
thoughts, feelings, and realizations.
■ It helps you to carefully think over
why you are doing what you are
doing.
■ Having self-reflection journal may
help you learn from your mistakes.
MAKE SELF-REFLECTION A DAILY
HABIT
■ Soon, you will learn from your
mistakes or failures; this will help
you celebrate your successes
more.
■ Having a self-reflection journal will
also help you generate ideas from
your past experiences that might
help others.
■ At the end, those reflective ideas
would create positive perspectives
and will help you relax.
 HOW DO YOU GAIN SELF-
AWARENESS?
If you want to improve your self-
awareness and develop your
potential, here are some steps
that you may follow.
1. Understand your life story/
Introspection/Self-analysis
2. Make self-reflection a daily
habit.
3. Be self-aware
BE SELF-AWARE
■ This is a skill where we tune in to
our feelings, thoughts, and actions
to understand how it affects us and
the significant others in our life.
■ It is necessary to “see one’s self”
and not how other sees us.
■ What matters is how we regards
ourselves and not how other
regards us.
 HOW DO YOU GAIN SELF-
AWARENESS?
If you want to improve your self-
awareness and develop your
potential, here are some steps that
you may follow.
1. Understand your life story/
Introspection/Self-analysis
2. Make self-reflection a daily habit.
3. Be self-aware
4. Self-affirmation
 SELF-AFFIRMATION
■ Create a Mantra that
focuses on your inner
strength and beauty.
■ Be grateful that you are
alive, normal, an
productive.
■ Love yourself.
 SELF-
AFFIRMATION
 HOW DO YOU GAIN SELF-
AWARENESS?
If you want to improve your self-
awareness and develop your potential,
here are some steps that you may
follow. Click to add text

1. Understand your life story/

Introspection/Self-analysis
2. Make self-reflection a daily habit.
3. Be self-aware
4. Self-affirmation
5. Seek honest feedback
SEEK HONEST FEEDBACK
■ After carefully thinking and
evaluating your actions, feelings,
and thoughts, you may ask other for
an honest feedback.
■ If there is a need to change some of
your behavior and actions then you
will probably need your teacher or a
coach to implement those changes.
■ Always remember that you cannot
change anything about yourself if
you do not know yourself, your life
story, and your personality.
 DETERMINANTS OF
PERSONALITY

BIOLOGICAL CULTURAL FAMILY INFLUENCES

FACTORS OF DETERMINANTS OF ON PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS OF
PERSONALITY
• Biological factors are anything which
affect the function and behavior of a
living organism which include hereditary
factors, physical appearance and
physique, and rate of maturation.
• Basically, the influences of biological
factors on personality structure are
limited and indirect.
• For personality development
characteristics such as aggressiveness,
nervousness, timidity, and sociability
are strongly influenced by genetics.
 • Each society has a
distinctive culture, a body
of stored knowledge,
characteristic way of
thinking, feelings, attitudes,
goals, ideals, and value
system.
• Personality formation is
influenced by the cultural
factors in the society in
which you are raised.
• It also includes early
CULTURAL conditioning, norms among
the family, friend, and
DETERMINANTS OF social groups and other
influences that you
PERSONALITY experience.
 FAMILY INFLUENCES ON
PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT
• Socialization is the process by which an
individual acquires behavioral
potentialities and eventually, those
behavior patterns that are customary
and acceptable according to the
standards of his family and social group.
• You start acquiring those patterns of
social behavior from the immediate
environment and eventually from the
wide range of extended environment.
 UNDERSTANDING
ONE’S PERSONALITY
•Personality is affected by both
nature and nurture.
•Nature refers to hereditary or
genetic make-up, while nurture -
refers to environment.
•Personality is developed through
the combined influence of
heredity, environment factors, and
cultural backgrounds.
•Thus, personality type can be
determined by many factors.
 UNDERSTANDING
ONE’S
PERSONALITY
• One way to discover your
personality type is through scientific
methods; for instance, by having
yourself tested and having a
psychologist analyze your test
results.
• A personality test is rather simple.
• By answering a few questions about
your likes and dislikes and where
you would like to go in life, a
professional can give you report
detailing the type of personality you
have.
 OPENNESS

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

THE BIG 5
FACTOR EXTRAVERSION
MODEL OF
PERSONALITY
AGREEABLENESS

NEUROTICISM
 THE BIG 5 FACTOR
MODEL OF PERSONALITY
• Openness - the appreciation for a
variety of experiences;
• Conscientiousness - planning
ahead rather than being
spontaneous;
• Extraversion - being sociable,
energetic and talkative;
• Agreeableness - being kind,
sympathetic and happy to help; and
• Neuroticism - inclination to worry,
be vulnerable, or temperamental.
 The Big Five Factor Model of
Personality was developed in 1970s
THE BIG 5 by two research teams led by Paul
FACTOR Costa and Robert R. McCrae of the
National Institute of Health and
MODEL OF Warren Norman and Lewis Goldberg
PERSONALITY of the University of Michigan at An
Arbor and the University of Oregon.
 REFERENCES
Jumamil, A.N. (2018). Personal
Development for Senior High School. Golden
Cronica Publishing, Inc. Quezon City,
Philippines.

Magalona, E., and Sadsad, E. (2016).

Personal Development: Theory and Practice.
Intramuros, Manila.