RESEARC H I N D A IL Y

LIFE
A TA A N D W A YS T O
UNDERSTANDING D
A LL Y C O LL E C T D A TA
SYSTEMATIC
L ESS ON 1 1 – S A M PL IN G
 OBJECTIVES
Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
1. Expand your vocabulary;
2. Communicate your world perceptions;
3. Define sampling and other technical terms about sampling;
4. Compare-contrast the sampling methods;
5. Give a graphical presentation of sampling categories; and
6. Pick out an appropriate sampling method for your chosen
research topic
ACTIVITY: MAKING WORDS MEANINGFUL
DIRECTIONS: CHOOSE THE LETTER OF THE
WORD THAT CORRESPONDS IN MEANING TO
THE ITALICIZED WORD IN THE SENTENCE. BE
GUIDED BY THE CONTEXTUAL CLUES.
1.DOING BUSINESS IS MY PARENTS’ WAY TO
DERIVE OUR FAMILY INCOME.
A. KEEPC. DISPLAY
B. GET D. BUDGET
2. NAME THE ISLANDS THAT CONSTITUTE THE
TOWN OF HUNDRED ISLANDS IN PANGASINAN.
A. REPRESENT C. COMPOSE
B. ADVERTISE D. POPULARIZE
3. TO LAND AS TOP –PAYING IS THE IMPETUS
BEHIND HIS DESIRE TO GRADUATE AS CUMLAUDE.
A. CLUE C. FORCE
B. REWARD D. SECRET
• 4. THE CABINET MEMBERS ARE READY TO TACKLE
ISSUES PROPOUNDED BY THE BUSINESSMEN.
A. QUESTIONED C. CONTRASTED
B. FORWARDED FOR MAILING
D. WRITTEN FOR RECORDING
• 5. PLEASE CATEGORIZE THE BOOKS BASED ON
SUBJECT AREA.
A. CLASSIFY C. MARK
B. COUNT D. ARRANGE
• 6. HER RELIGIOSITY WAS MANIFESTED BY HER
REGULAR ATTENDING OF HOLY MASS.
A. PICTURES C. STRESSED
B. SHOWN D. SIGNALED
• 7. NUMEROUS STARS BLOSSOM IN THE SKY.
A. GLITTERING C. TWINKLING
B. A BIG NUMBER D. A SMALL NUMBER OF
• 8. GIVE HIM MORE TIME TO MULL OVER YOUR
PROPOSAL.
A. REMEMBER C. CRITICIZE
B. QUESTION D. PONDER
• 9. GIVE THE MENDICANT ON THE STREET FOOD
RATHER THAN MONEY.
A. JANITOR C. STREET LABORER
B. BEGGAR D. STREET VENDOR
• 10. STUDENTS GETTING GRADES OF 75, 82, 88,
92 AND 96 BELONG TO A HETEROGENEOUS
GROUP; THE SAME GRADE OF 95-96, TO A
HOMOGENEOUS. GROUP.
A. VARIED ABILITIES C. SAME ABILITIES
B. LITTLE ABILITY D. ZERO ABILITY
ACTIVITY 2

•USE EACH TERM IN A SENTENCE

SAMPLING
In research, sampling is a word that refers to your method or
process of selecting respondents or people to answer questions
meant to yield data for a research study. The chosen ones
constitute the sample through which you will derive facts and
evidence to support claims or conclusions propounded by your
research problem. The bigger group from where you choose the
sample is called population, and sampling frame is the term used
to mean the list of the members of such population from where
you will get the sample
HISTORY
The beginning of sampling could be traced back to the early
political activities of the Americans in 1920 when Literary Digest
did a pioneering survey about the American citizens’ favorite
among the 1920 presidential candidates. This was the very first
survey that served as the impetus for the discovery by academic
researchers of other sampling strategies that they categorized into
two classes: probability sampling or unbiased sampling and non-
probability sampling. (Babbie 2013)
PROBABILITY SAMPLING OR
UNBIASED SAMPLING
Probability sampling involves all members listed in the sampling
frame representing a certain population focused on by your study.
An equal chance of participation in sampling or selection process
is given to every member listed in the sampling frame. By means
of this unbiased sampling, you are able to obtain a sampling that
is capable of representing the population under study or of
showing strong similarities in characteristics with the members of
the population.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING OR
UNBIASED SAMPLING
A sampling error crops up if the selection does not take place in
the way it is planned. Such sampling error is manifested by strong
dissimilarity between the sample and the ones listed in sampling
frames. (P) How numerous the sampling errors are depends on
the size of the sample. The smaller the sample is, the bigger the
number of sampling errors. Thus, choose to have a bigger sample
of respondents to avoid sampling errors. However, deciding to
increase the size of your sample is not so easy. These are these
things you have to mull over in finalizing about this such as
expenses for questionnaires and interview trips, interview
schedules, and time for reading respondents’ answers.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING OR
UNBIASED SAMPLING
The right sample size also depends on whether or not the group is
heterogeneous or homogeneous. The first group requires a bigger
size; the second, a smaller one. For a study in the field of social
sciences requiring an in-depth investigation of something such as
one involving the national government, the right sample size
ranges from 1,000 to 1,500 or up to 2,500. On the other hand,
hundreds, not thousands, of respondents suffice for the study
about any local government unit. (Suter 2012; Emmel 2013)
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Simple Random Sampling
Simple random sampling is the best type of probability
sampling through which you can choose sample from a
population. Using a pure-chance selection, you assume every
member of the same opportunity to be in the sample. Here, the
only basis of including or excluding a member is by chance or
opportunity, not by any occurrence accounted for by cause-effect
relationships.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Simple Random Sampling
Simple random sampling happens through any of these two
methods: (Burns 2012)
1) Have a list of all members of the population; write each
name on a card, and choose cards through a pure-dance
selection.
2) Have a list of all members; give a number to member and
then use randomized or unordered numbers in selecting
names from the list.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
2. Systematic Sampling
For this kind of probability sampling, chance and system are
the ones to determine who should compose the sample. For
instance, if you want to have a sample of 150, you may select a set
of numbers life 1 to 15, and out of a list of 1,500 students, take
every 15th name on the list until you complete the total number of
respondents to constitute your sample.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
3. Stratified Sampling
The group comprising the sample is chosen in a way that such
group is liable to subdivision during the data analysis stage. A
study needing group-by-group analysis finds stratified sampling
the right probability sampling to use.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
4. Cluster Sampling
This is a probability sampling that makes you isolate a set of
persons instead of individual members to serve as sample
members. For example, if you want to have a sample of 120 out of
1,000 students, you can randomly select three sections with 40
students each to constitute the sample.
TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
1. Simple Random Sampling
2. Systematic Sampling
3. Stratified Sampling
4. Cluster Sampling
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Non-probability sampling disregards random selection of
subjects. The subjects are chosen based on their availability or the
purpose of the study, and in some cases, on the sole discretion of
the researcher. This is not a scientific way of selecting
respondents. Neither does it offer a valid or an objective way of
detecting sampling errors. (Edmond 2013)
TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
1. Quota Sampling
You resort to quota sampling when you think you know the
characteristics of the target population very well. In this case, you
tend to choose sample members possessing or indicating the
characteristics of the target population. Using a quota or a specific
set of persons whom you believe to have the characteristics of the
target population involved in the study is your way of showing
that the sample you have chosen closely represents the target
population as regards such characteristics.
TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
2. Voluntary Sampling
Since the subjects you expect to participate in the sample
selection are the ones volunteering to constitute the sample,
there is no need for you to do any selection processes.
TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
3. Purposive or Judgmental Sampling
You choose people whom you are sure could correspond to
the objectivities of your study, like selecting those with rich
experience or interest in your study.
TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
4. Availability Sampling
The willingness of a person as your subject to interact with you
counts a lot in this non-probability sampling method. If during the
data-collection time, you encounter people walking on a school
campus, along corridors, and along the park or employees lining
up at an office, and these people show willingness to respond to
your questions, then you automatically consider them as your
respondents.
TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
5. Snowball Sampling
Similar to snow expanding widely or rolling rapidly, this
sampling method does not give a specific set od samples. This is
true for a study involving unspecified group of people. Dealing
with varied groups of people such as street children mendicants,
drug dependents, call center workers, informal settlers, street
vendors, and the like is possible in this kind of non-probability
sampling. Free to obtain data from any group just like snow freely
expanding and accumulating at a certain place, you tend to
increase the number of people you want to form the sample of
your study. (Harding 2013)