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Logic Critical Thinking PPT First

Logic and critical thinking both involve mental processes. Logic provides the tools and rules needed for critical thinking by enabling correct reasoning. When reasoning is done correctly using logic, it allows a person to think critically as well. The purpose of logical reasoning is to allow a clear understanding of the world and help people find reasoned solutions to problems in their lives and communities. Learning logic enables developing critical thinking skills and avoiding incorrect conclusions, which can help reduce conflicts. An argument consists of premises that aim to provide reasons for accepting a conclusion as true, with both premises and conclusions being statements that can be either true or false.

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CATHERINE MARIE TADIQUE
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426 views14 pages

Logic Critical Thinking PPT First

Logic and critical thinking both involve mental processes. Logic provides the tools and rules needed for critical thinking by enabling correct reasoning. When reasoning is done correctly using logic, it allows a person to think critically as well. The purpose of logical reasoning is to allow a clear understanding of the world and help people find reasoned solutions to problems in their lives and communities. Learning logic enables developing critical thinking skills and avoiding incorrect conclusions, which can help reduce conflicts. An argument consists of premises that aim to provide reasons for accepting a conclusion as true, with both premises and conclusions being statements that can be either true or false.

Uploaded by

CATHERINE MARIE TADIQUE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logic & Critical Thinking

Are they the same?


Answer
• Logic and critical thinking both involve mental process/activity.
• Logic is concerned with the materials needed to arrive at critical
thinking.
• Logic must come first, critical thinking comes after.
• Logic is the science and art of correct reasoning.
• When one can reason out correctly, it is expected that one can think
critically, too.
Why logic is science & why an art?
• As a science, it involves rules to arrive at a good argument.
• As an art – arriving at a good argument, means arriving at a beautiful
argument; whatever is good is beautiful, whatever is beautiful is an
art.
So what is the purpose of logical reasoning?
To see the world in a very clear way and to be able to change how
people should arrive at a reasoned solutions to problems that one may
encounter in one’s life, community, and the world. A logical person
contributes to a logical community, and to a logical worldview.

Worldviews influence policies of leaders. Policies of leaders can have an


impact to individuals in a society. It can either kill or give life to some.
What are we doing here?
• Providing tools and skills to enable you to identify and evaluate
arguments. Why arguments are necessary? Because when arguments
fail, war begins.
• Learning logic will lead to critical thinking. No one can think critically
by dispensing logic. Logic includes clarifying concepts, the first step to
filtering unnecessary or irrelevant concepts, thus avoiding bad false or
incorrect conclusions.
So what is your concept of an argument?
Our layman’s understanding of an argument is starkly different from what
logic talks about.

In logic,
An argument is a set of statements, some of which (the premises)
attempt to provide a reason for thinking that some other statement (the
conclusion) is true.

Both premises and conclusion are statements, which we call here as


propositions. Proposition is a statement which is either true or false.
Are statements the same as sentences?
• A statement is always a sentence.
• A sentence is not necessarily a statement.
Why is this so?
• A statement is a sentence that is either true or false.
• There are sentences that cannot be said as either true or false.

Examples of statements
The Philippines is a SEA country.
The Philippines is a first world country.
Sentences
• Are you the president of this country?
• Run.
• Love your neighbor.
• Don’t kill the drug addicts.
• Oh my God!
• I hate her.
Samples
• . 1No one wants to love me.
• 2. Mt. Everest is located in Bangladesh.
• 3. Is an alligator a reptile or a mammal?
• 4. An alligator is either a reptile or a mammal.
• 5. Don’t let any reptiles into the house.
• 6. You may kill any reptile you see in the house.
• 7. USA got the most number of gold medals in the recent world olympics .
• 8. Joe Biden is not a Democrat.
• 9. Some Filipinos are scientists.
• 10. Not everything that glitters is gold.
• 11. Is Vico Sotto an actor?
• 12. Oh no! A bad dream!
• 13. Meet me in St. Gallien.
• 14. We met in Quezon City three years ago.
• 15. I do not want to vote for a presidential candidate whose interest is merely to maintain friendship with China.
Arguments

Components/parts

1. premises/s – the reason for thinking that the conclusion is true.


Meaning, it is the proof, or evidence to prove a certain conclusion.
2. Conclusion – the statement that you want to prove as true.
Illustration
Sally: Abortion is morally wrong and those who think otherwise are
seeking to justify murder!
Bob: Abortion is not morally wrong and those who think so are right-
wing bigots who are seeking to impose their narrow-minded views on
all the rest of us!
------------------------------------------------------
Sally: Abortion is morally wrong because it is wrong to take the life of
an innocent human being, and a fetus is an innocent human being.
Arranging the structure of the argument
We could capture the structure of that argument like this:

It is morally wrong to take the life of an innocent human being.


A fetus is an innocent human being.
Therefore, abortion is morally wrong.
Identifying arguments
Look for indicators:

Premise indicators --- because, since, inasmuch


Conclusion indicators --- therefore, ergo, hence, thus, consequently

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