Design of Gable Frame

Presented To:
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Yaqub
Group 1
Presented By:
Hafiz M. Usman Aslam 2K18-FT-MS-STR-02
Hafiz Kamran Jameel 2K18-FT-MS-STR-06
Muhammad Imran Waris 2K18-FT-MS-STR-09
Gable Frame

A structure is the assemblage of two or more basic structural

components connected together in such a way that they serve the user
functionally and carry the loads arising out of self and super-imposed
loads safely without causing any problem of serviceability.
 Gable Frame
I. Used in single storey building
with slanting sides and high rise
II. When large clear-span areas are
required for special industrial
and commercial projects
III. It is typically the economical
choice special in industrial
building
Problem
An Industrial building of plan 15m30m is to be constructed as shown in Figure 1.

Using plastic analysis, analyse and design the single span portal frame with gabled

roof. The frame has a span of 15 m, the column height is 6m and the rafter rise is 3 m

and the frames are spaced at 5 m centre-to-centre. Purlins are provided over the

frames at 2.7 m c/c and support AC sheets. The dead load of the roof system

including sheets,purlins and fixtures is 0.4 kN/m2 and the live load is 0.52 kN/m2. The

portal frames support a gantry girder at 3.25 m height, over which an electric

overhead travelling (EOT) crane is to be operated. The crane capacity is to be 300 kN

and the crane girder weighs 300 kN while the crab (trolley) weight is 60 kN.
 D Frames at 5 m c / c

C E
60 KN

9m
300 KN
B F
.6 m
.6 m

30 m
6m
3.25 m

B’ F’
A B F
G
15 m
15 m
Frame Elevation Frame Plan

Figure 1
Load Calculations

Dead Load of roof given as 0.4 kN/m2

Dead load/m run on rafter = 0.4 * 5  2.0 kN/m

Live Load given as 0.52 kN/m2

Live load/m run on rafter = 0.52 * 5  2.6 kN/m

Load Calculations
Crane Load
The extreme position of crane hook is assumed as 1 m from the centre
line of rail. The span of crane is approximately taken as 13.8 m. And the
wheel base along the gantry girder has been taken as 3.8 m
Vertical load on gantry
The weight of the crane is shared by two portal frames At the extreme
position of crab, the reaction on wheel due to the lifted weight and the
crab can be obtained by taking moments about the centerline of
wheels (point B).
Load Calculations
Vertical load on gantry
To get maximum wheel load on a frame from gantry girder BB', taking the
gantry girder as simply supported.

Centre to centre distance between frames is 5 m c/c.

Assuming impact factor of 25%
Maximum wheel Load @ B = 1.25 (242 (1 + (5-3.8)/5)= 375 kN.
Minimum wheel Load @ B = (88 /242)*375 =136.4 kN
Load Calculations

Transverse Load
Lateral load per wheel = 5% (300 + 60)/2 = 9 kN
• Lateral load is assumed as 5% of the lifted load and the weight of
the crab acting on each rail
=  13.19 KN
Lateral load on each column =
Load Calculations

Wind Load
• For walls

h/w = 6/15 = 0.4 L/w = 30/15 = 2.0

Exposed area of wall per frame @ 5 m

c/c is A = 5 * 6 = 30 m2
Load Calculations

•   Wind Load
• For Roof

Exposed area of each slope of roof, per frame (5m length) is

For roof, Apd = 38.7 kN

Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability

• Internal pressure coefficient Cpi
• External pressure coefficient Cpe
Load Calculations

Wind Load
• Total Wind Load for Roof
Load Calculations

•   Dead Load
Replacing the distributed dead load of 2kN/m on rafter by equivalent
concentrated loads at two intermediate points corresponding to purlin
locations on each rafter,
Load Calculations

Superimposed Load
Load Calculations

Crane Load
Maximum Vertical Load on columns = 375 kN (acting at an
eccentricity of 600 mm from column centreline)
Moment on column = 375 *0.6 = 225 kNm.

Minimum Vertical Load on Column = 136.4 kN (acting at an

eccentricity of 600 mm) Maximum moment = 136.4 * 0.6 = 82 kNm
Partial Safety Factors
Load Factors

For dead load, f = 1.5

For leading live load, f = 1.5
For accompanying live load, f = 1.05
Material Safety factor
m = 1.10
Analysis

The following load combinations is considered, as it is found to be critical. Similar

steps can be followed for plastic analysis under other load combinations.

1) 1.5D.L + 1.5 C .L + 1.05 W.L

2) 1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L

Analysis

1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 W.L

Dead Load and Wind Load along the ridge (wind angle = 0° )
Vertical Load
w @ intermediate points on windward side
w = 1.5 * 5.0 – 1.05 *(4.8/3) cos21.8 = 6 kN.
w/2 @ eaves = 3KN
w @ intermediate points on leeward side
w = 1.5 * 5.0 – 1.05 * 7.8/3 cos21.8 = 5.0 kN
w/2 @ eaves = 2.5KN
Total vertical load @ the ridge = 3.0 + 2.5 = 5.5 kN
Analysis

Dead Load and Wind Load along the ridge (wind angle = 0° )
Horizontal Load
H @ intermediate points on windward side
H = 1.05 * 4.8/3 sin 21.8= 0.62 kN
H/2 @ eaves points = 0.31 KN
H @ intermediate purlin points on leeward side
H = 1.05 * 7.8 /3 sin 21.8 = 1 kN
H/2 @ eaves points = 0.5 KN
Total horizontal load @ the ridge = 0.5 - 0.31 = 0.19 kN
Analysis

Dead Load and Wind Load along the ridge (wind angle = 0° )
Loads acting on rafter points
Analysis

•   Dead Load and Wind Load along the ridge (wind angle = 0° )
Crane Loading
Moment @ B = 1.5 * 225 = 337.5 kNm
Moment @ F = 1.5 * 82 = 123 kNm
Horizontal load @ B & @ F = 1.5 * 13.9 = 20.8 kN
Dead load on the column = acting at e=0.6m
Factored moment @ B & F = 1.5 * 5.75 * 0.6 = 5.2 kNm
Total moment @B = 337.5 + 5.2 = 342 kNm
@ F = 123 + 5.2 = 128 kNm
Analysis
Analysis

1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L

Dead Load and Live Load
@ intermediate points on windward side = 1.5 * 5.0 + 1.05 * 6.4= 14.2 kN

@ ridge = 14.2 kN
@ eaves = 14.2 / 2 ≈ 7.1 kN.
Analysis

1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L

Crane Load
Moment @ B = 342 kNm

Horizontal load @ B = 20.8 kN

Moment @ F = 128 kNm

Horizontal load @ F = 20.8 kN
Analysis
Mechanisms

We will consider the following mechanisms, namely

• Beam mechanism

• Gable mechanism
Analysis

Member CD
Case 1: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 W.L
Analysis

Member CD
Case 1: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 W.L
Internal Work done, Wi = Mpθ + Mp (θ/2) + Mp (θ + θ/2) = Mp(3θ)
External Work done, We = 6 * 2.5θ - 0.62 * 1 * θ + 6 * 2.5 * θ/2 – 0.62 *
1 * θ/2 = 21.6θ
Equating internal work done to external work done
Wi = We
Mp (3θ) = 21.6θ
Mp = 7.2 kNm
Analysis

Member CD
Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L
Analysis
Member CD
Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L
Internal Work done,
Wi = Mp 3θ (as In case 1)
External work done, We = 14.2 * 2.5 θ + 14.2 *2.5θ / 2 = 53.3θ

Equating Wi = We,
Mp (3θ) = 53.3 θ
Mp = 17.8 kNm
Analysis
Member AC
Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L
Internal Work done,
Wi = MpƟ + Mp(Ɵ + 11/13* Ɵ) + Mp( 11/13* Ɵ)= 3.69MpƟ
We = 20.8 *3.25* 11/13*Ɵ + 342 *11/13*Ɵ 1/2 * 27.2 *
3.25(11/13*Ɵ) = 383.9Ɵ

Equating Wi = We, we get

3.69 Mpθ = 383.9 θ
Mp = 104.1 kNm
Analysis
Member EG
Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.5 C.L + 1.05 L.L
Internal Work done,
Wi = MpƟ + Mp(Ɵ + 11/13* Ɵ) + Mp( 11/13* Ɵ)= 3.69MpƟ
We = 20.8 *3.25* 11/13*Ɵ + 342 *11/13*Ɵ 1/2 * 27.2 *
3.25(11/13*Ɵ) = 428.3Ɵ

Equating Wi = We, we get

3.69 Mpθ = 428.3 θ
Mp = 116.1 kNm
Analysis
Case 1: 1.5 D.L + 1.05 W.L + 1.5 C.L
Internal Work done = Mpθ + Mp2θ + Mp (2θ) + Mpθ = 6Mpθ
External Work done, We =-0.62 * 1 * θ - 0.62 * 2 *θ + 0.19 * 3 * θ + 1.0
* 4 * θ + 1.0 * 5 * θ + 0.5 * 6 * θ + 6 * 2.5 * θ + 6 * 5 * θ + 5.5 *
7.5 * θ + 5 * 5 * θ + 5 * 2.5 * θ + ½ * 1.5 * 6θ + 20.8 * 3.25 * θ - 128*θ
We = 78.56θ
Equating Wi = We, we get
6Mp = 78.56θ
Mp = 13.1 kNm
Analysis
Case 1: 1.5 D.L + 1.05 W.L + 1.5 C.L
Analysis
Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.05L.L + 1.5 C.L
Internal Work done, Wi = Mpθ + Mp (2θ) + Mp (2θ) + Mpθ =6Mpθ
External Work done, We = 14.2 * 2.5*θ + 14.2 * 5 * θ + 14.2 * 7.5θ +
14.2 * 5 * θ + 14.2 * 2.5θ - 128 * θ + 20.8 * 3.25θ = 223.6θ

Equating Wi = We, we get

6Mpθ = 223.6θ
Mp = 37.3 kNm
Analysis
Case 2: 1.5 D.L + 1.05L.L + 1.5 C.L
Design
From all the above analysis, the largest value of Mp required was for
member EG
Under Case 1: 1.5 DL + 1.5 CL + 1.05 WL
Therefore the Design Plastic Moment = 116.1 kNm.

For the design it is assumed that the frame is adequately laterally

braced so that it fails by forming mechanism. Both the column and
rafter are analysed assuming equal plastic moment capacity. Other
ratios may be adopted to arrive at an optimum design solution.
Design
•Selection
  of section
Plastic Moment capacity required= 116 kNm
Required section modulus, Zp = Mp/ fyd
== 510.4
ISMB 300 @ 0.46 kN/ m provides
b = 140 mm Ti = 13.1 mm
A = 5.87 * 10 3 mm2
tw =7.7 mm rxx =124 mm
ryy =28.6 mm
Design
•Check
  for Local buckling of flanges and webs
Flange

bf = 140/2 = 70 mm
T1 = 13.1 mm
t = 7.7 mm
= 5.34<8.6
Design
Check for Local buckling of flanges and webs
Web

 
-

38.9 ≤68,Hence O.K

Design
•Effect
  of axial force
Maximum axial force in column, P = 40.5 kN
Axial load causing yielding, Py = fyd * A

(250/1.10)*5.87 = 1334KN

= 0.03<0.15
Therefore the effect of axial force can be neglected.
Design
Check for the effect of shear force
Shear force at the end of the girder = P- w/2
= 40.5 -6.8 kN = 33.7 kN
Maximum shear capacity Vym, of a beam under shear and moment is
given by
Vym = 0.55 Aw* fyd / 1.10
= 0.55 * 300* 7.7* 250/1.10
=289 kN>> 33.7 kN
Hence O.K.
References
[1]https://www.scribd.com/document/325005017/ANALYSIS-OF-GABLE-FRAME-STRUCTURE
[2]http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/108742/18/18_chapter%208.pdf
[3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gable
[4] http://www.ijaert.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/150115.pdf
[5]https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105106113/2_industrial_building/12_Example_Problem.pdf
THANK
YOU…..!!!!