Traffic

Group members:

ESPINOSA BANCAYA RIVERA, MJ FERNANDO

PANGADLIN JIPULAN ALVERO BALINGAN ESCRIBANO 2

E

TRAFFIC
ENFORCEMENT
This field deals mostly on the implementation
and enforcement of traffic laws and rules and regulations.
Taken by the traffic law enforcer such as arresting, issuing
traffic citation ticket, and giving warning to erring drivers
and pedestrians for the purpose of deterring and
discouraging and/or to prevent such violations.
3
TRAFFIC
E

ENFORCEMENT
Road traffic began to increase in volume and
speed during the eighteenth century, and
the above mix of practices led to a clear
need for some legal rule-making. In
response, in 1722 the lord mayor of London
appointed three men to ensure that traffic
kept to the left and did not stop on London
Bridge. They were possibly the world's first
traffic police.
TYPES OF VEHICLE USED ON 18TH CENTURY

Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles large enough to transport

people and cargo were first devised in the late 18th century.

5
 CARRIAGE
The transporting of items or merchandise from
one place to another or a four-wheeled passenger
vehicle pulled by two or more horses.

6
WHO IS LORD MAYOR IN 1722?
Sir Gerard Conyers was elected
alderman for Broad St ward in the
City of London, appointed joint
Sheriff of the City of London in
1716 and chosen Lord Mayor in
1722. As Lord Mayor he decreed
that “all carts, coaches and other
carriages coming out of
Southwark into this City do keep
all along the west side of the said
bridge.

7
 BRIEF History of traffic
enforcement

⊹ Until the end of the 19th Century, traffic in New York City was
largely uncontrolled. Carriages and wagons dashed about in every
direction, and runway horses added to the chaos with alarming
frequency. 8
 THE FAMOUS
BROADWAY SQUAD

⊹ The officers of the Broadway Squad were the largest and most
imposing in the Department (the minimum height was six feet), and
their primary duty was nothing other than to escort pedestrians
safely across Broadway in Manhattan between Bowling Green and
9
West 59th Street
 DEPARTMENT’S OLD
BICYCLE SQUAD
“SCORCHER SQUAD”

⊹ The Scorcher Squad soon found itself with the responsibility

of enforcing the speed regulations not just for Bicycles, but for
the newest toy of the wealthy: the automobile.
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 RULES OF THE
ROAD
⊹ In December 1908, Police Commissioner Bingham was given
the responsibility of creating the first traffic regulations after
his authority had been specifically extended to encompass
this area, “rules of the road”.

⊹ Enforcing these regulations, however, was a little difficult at

first as the state legislature did not give the Police
Department the power to issue summonses for traffic
infractions until 1910.

11
⊹ The first traffic control devices at intersections
in New York City were installed in 1915.
12
⊹ In 1916, the first traffic
tower was erected in the
middle of the
intersection of Fifth
Avenue and 42th Street.

13
Rail road
designation
The difficulty in understanding
this confusing color sequence
was compounded by
neighboring towns using
another system.
 ENFORCEMENT
AGENTS (TEA)

⊹ Traffic Enforcement Agents (TEA) had been employed by

the City of New York as early as 1962 working alongside
with Department of Transportation (DOT) to enforce the
rules and regulations of New York City. 15
 HIGHWAY
PATROL
GROUP

One tragic day on November 1954, two members of the 3rd

Congress of the Philippines met their untimely death in a car
accident in Pampanga. In grief, President Ramon Magsaysay
Sr., and first lady Luz Banzon Magsaysay joined the whole
nation to mourn the loss of Congressman Gregorio Tan of
Samar and Lorenzo P. Ziga of Albay 16
Functions of highway patrol
group (hpg)

17
⊹ The main responsibility of the highway patrol
is to monitor and enforce safety on state and
federal highways. This can involve checking
the speed of vehicles, responding to accidents
and emergencies, and helping local law
enforcement. Highway patrol officers are
state-level employees. Patrol officer
requirements vary by jurisdiction, but
generally require previous experience and
training. A law enforcement degree is a plus.
18
 General duties
of hpg
Patrol office responsibilities are unique each day. Highway
patrolmen spend much of their time enforcing laws on
public highways, assisting motorists in need of help, and
working with other emergency officials to help manage
and eventually clear accident scenes. They also assist
local police forces in apprehending criminals or assisting
in emergency situations. Highway patrol officers often
come into contact with dangerous situations. They are
trained to know how to spot potential danger and how to
properly handle dangerous situations.
20
 Off road duties
The duties of the highway patrol go beyond just
handling accidents and assisting local law
enforcement. They also help with areas that do
not pertain to the roadways. Many highway
patrolmen work in court houses helping with the
processing and transfer of prisoners. They might
also have to testify in court as an official of the
state. This requires remembering events that took
place, reporting such events to superiors, and
keeping proper documentation
22
 Community
liaison
To help reduce accidents on the road and promote
safety while driving, highway patrol officers make
appearances at local schools and community
events. This allows them to help educate the
community on safe driving practices. They might
also work with officials in the community to figure
out better ways to protect the people in the area.
When a crime takes place, a patrol officer might be
the first to arrive on scene. In this role she helps
secure evidence and gather witness statements to
aid detectives in their investigation.
24
Land Transportation
Office (LTO)
⊹ LTO is an Agency of the Philippine Government
under Department of Transportation responsible
for all land transportation in the Philippines.

⊹ Functions of the LTO includes the inspection

and registration of motor vehicles, issuance of
licenses and permits, enforcement of land
transportation rules and regulations, and
adjudication of traffic cases.

26
⊹ Its primary mission is to rationalize land
transportation services and facilities and to
effectively implement various transportation
laws, rules, and regulations. It believes that the
responsibility of those involved in the public
service to be more vigilant in their part in the
over-all development scheme of national
leadership. It aims to be a frontline government
agency that showcases fast and efficient public
service for a progressive land transport sector.

27
 BRIEF HISTORY OF
LTO
AUTOMOBILE
SECTION:
1912

⊹ Act No. 2159 was enacted under American

colonial Insular Government.
⊹ Was the 1st formal law on land
transportation in the country.
⊹ Created the Administrative Division of the 28
1926 1933
⊹ Act No. 3045 compiled ⊹ Act No. 3997
and incorporated all amended Act No.
laws governing motor 3045
vehicles.
⊹ The Automobile
⊹ Automobile Section Division was
was upgraded to the renamed Division of
Automobile Division. Motor Vehicles.

29
 Motor Vehicle Office:
1945 1947 1964
⊹ DPWH issued ⊹ Promulgated E. O ⊹ R. A No. 4136
Department No. 94 or Land
Order No. 4 Transportatio
⊹ Division of Motor n and Traffic
Vehicle was Code
upgraded into Motor abolished
Vehicle Office with MVO
category of Bureau

30
 Land Transportation
Commission :
1979 1985
⊹ Promulgated E.O No. ⊹ E.O No. 1011 nullified
546 creating Ministry of the creation of the
Land Transportation Board of
(MOTC) Transportation and
Bureau of Land
⊹ LTC was renamed into Transportation
Bureau of Land
Transportation
31
 Establishment of the
Land Transportation
Office:
1987
⊹ LTC was abolished
⊹ Two offices were created (LTO, LTFRB)
⊹ LTO took over the functions of Bureau of Land
Transportation
⊹ LTFRB took over the functions of Board of
Transportation
⊹ MOTC was renamed into DOTC

32
Functions and
Mandates
• License and Permit Issuance

• Motor Vehicle Inspection and Registration

• Law Enforcement and Adjucation of Cases

Manufacturers, Assemblers, Importers and
Dealers Reporting (MAIDR)
Projects : Controversies :
⊹ Land Transportation ⊹ Fixers
Office Infrastracture
and Information ⊹ Private Motor
System (LTO-IIS) Vehicle Inspection
System Corruption
⊹ 5 year Validity of Scandal
Drivers License

34
Franchising and
Regulatory Board
(LTFRB)

35
⊹ The LTFRB was established on June 19, 1987, during the former
president Corazon Aquino's administration

⊹ While the LTO is in charge of drivers' licenses and motor vehicle

registrations, the LTFRB's jurisdiction covers vehicles used for public
conveyance. It issues certificates of public convenience or permits to
public land transportation services – from jeeps, taxis, buses, as well as
the new transport network vehicle services like Uber and Grab 36
It is also in charge of regulating and adjusting
fares for public transport services, and
prescribing or regulating the routes or areas of
operation for these services. 

37
If a commuter has a complaint against a rude taxi
driver, buses that figure in crashes, or other public
transport vehicles incurring violations, it's the
LTFRB that conducts investigation and hearings.
38
In such cases, the LTFRB can mete out penalties
such as cancelling franchises. It can also ask the
LTO to revoke the licenses of the drivers
involved in the traffic violations.

39
Metropolitan Manila
Development
Authority (MMDA)
 brief history of mmda
⊹ Since the elected chairman is one of the
mayors of Metro Manila, the role to his
constituency gave less attention. Thus, the
Congress of the Philippines, composed of the
Senate and the House of Representatives,
passed Republic Act No. 7924 creating the
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
(MMDA) on March 1, 1995.

41
⊹ While the MMDA is best known for its role in managing
traffic, it has a host of other responsibilities as well.
Functions under its jurisdiction include those "which
have metro-wide impact and transcend local political
boundaries" in the capital region 42
⊹ Aside from its role of transport and traffic management – such as
catching traffic violators or clearing side streets to improve the flow of
traffic – the MMDA also has functions in solid waste disposal and
management, flood control programs, health and sanitation programs,
and public safety programs, such as disaster relief operations. 43
⊹ MMDA traffic enforcers generally cannot confiscate a driver's license,
unless the driver was involved in a traffic accident, has accumulated 3
or more violations, or has been apprehended for violations such as
overspeeding or counterflowing, among others.  44
 Lto flying squad

⊹ LTO flying squads roaming around, looking for fake

license plates, number coding violators, expired
vehicle registrations, fake, expired or improperly
mounted commemorative plates, colorum public
utility vehicles 45
LTO flying squads go out daily, especially
to scenes of traffic gridlock, protest
rallies even during Holy Week and
Holiday. LTO flying squad members can
recognize a fake motor vehicle license
plate when they see one.

46
 POLICE AUXILIARY
(PAU)

⊹ Auxiliary police, also called special police, are usually the part-

time reserves of a regular police force. They may be armed or
unarmed. They may be unpaid volunteers or paid members of
the police service with which they are affiliated. 47
⊹ Auxiliary police officers assist local police
departments in maintaining order and
protecting the safety of a community's
residents. Most are volunteers who are
concerned with the well-being of their
neighbors and their neighborhood. Auxiliary
police officers perform non-enforcement and
non-hazardous duties.

48
Legislative bodies
Included are the Senate, Congress,
Provincial Boards, and City and
Municipal Councils. They are
responsible for the passing and/or
amending of laws and/or ordinances.

49
⊹ Parking Space Regulation Act of 2018.
Scope of the Act This Act shall regulate the imposition,
collection, and/or charge of any and all fees by owners
of shopping malls, hotels and similar business and/or
commercial establishments, their agents and/or
authorized representatives for the use of parking
spaces located within these establishments, except
owners of buildings or spaces which are exclusively
devoted or utilized to provide parking spaces and
services and not in any way connected with any other
business.

50
SECTION 5. Regulation of Parking fees

⊹ Parking fees
⊹ Standard parking fee
⊹ One-time fee ;
⊹ Grace period
⊹ Receipt

51
 Land Transportation and
Traffic Code.
SECTION 2. Scope of Act. –
⊹ The provisions of this Act shall control, as
far as they apply, the registration and
operation of motor vehicles and the
licensing of owners, dealers, conductors,
drivers, and similar matters.

52
⊹ (a) "A motor vehicle means a vehicle that travels
on public roads with power other than muscle
strength". Excepting road rollers, trolley cars,
street-sweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers,
bulldozers, graders, fork-lifts, amphibian
trucks, and cranes if not used on public
highways, vehicles which run only on rails or
tracks, and tractors, trailers and traction
engines of all kinds used exclusively for
agricultural purposes.

53
⊹ (b) Passenger automobiles” shall mean all pneumatic-tire
vehicles, examples are jeepney, touring car, command car.

⊹ Motor vehicles with changed or rebuilt bodies. Using a

chassis of the usual pneumatic-tire passenger automobile
type, shall also be classified as passenger automobile.

⊹ If their net allowable carrying capacity,does not exceed nine

passengers and if they are not used primarily for carrying
freight or merchandise.

⊹ The distinction between “passenger truck” and “passenger

automobile” That a motor vehicle registered for more than
nine passengers shall be classified as “truck”
54
⊹ (c) “Articulated vehicle” shall mean any
motor vehicle with a trailer having no
front axle and so attached that part of
the trailer rests upon motor vehicle and
a substantial part of the weight of the
trailer and of its load is borne by the
motor vehicle. Such a trailer shall be
called as “semi-trailer.”

55
⊹ (d) “Driver” shall mean every and any
licensed operator of a motor vehicle.

⊹ (e) “Professional driver" shall mean

every and any driver hired or paid for
driving or operating a motor vehicle,
whether for private use or for hire to the
public. Any person driving his own
motor vehicle for hire is a professional
driver.
56
⊹ (f) “Owner” shall mean the actual legal
owner of a motor vehicle, in whose name
such vehicle is duly registered with the
Land Transportation Commission. The
"owner” of a government-owned motor
vehicle is the head of the office or the chief
of the Bureau to which the said motor
vehicle belongs.

57
⊹ (g) “Dealer” shall shall mean every person,
association, partnership, corporation or
making, manufacturing, constructing,
assembling, remodeling, rebuilding, or
setting up motor vehicles; and every such
entity acting as agent for the sale of one or
more makes, styles, or kinds of motor
vehicles, dealing in motor vehicles, keeping
the same in stock or selling same or handling
with a view to trading same.
58
⊹ (h) “Garage” shall mean any building in
which two or more motor vehicles, either
with or without drivers, are kept ready
for hire to the public, but shall not
include street stands, public service
stations, or other public places
designated by proper authority as
parking spaces for motor vehicles for
hire while awaiting or soliciting
business. 59
⊹ (i) "Gross weight” shall mean the measured
weight of a motor vehicle plus the maximum
allowable carrying capacity in merchandise,
freight and/or passenger, as determined by the
Commissioner of Land Transportation.

⊹ (i) “Highways" shall mean every public

thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway,
avenue, park, alley and callejon, but shall not
include roadway upon grounds owned by private
persons, colleges, universities, or other similar
institutions.
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⊹ (k) “The Commissioner of Land
Transportation or his deputies” shall
mean the actual or acting chief of the
Land Transportation Commission such
representatives, deputies, or assistants as
he may, with the approval of the Secretary
of Public Works and Communications,
appoint or designate in writing for the
purpose contemplated by this Act.
61
⊹ (1) “Parking or parked”, for the purposes of this
Act, shall mean that a motor vehicle is “parked”
or “parking" if it has been brought to a stop on
the shoulder or proper edge of a highway, and
remains inactive in that place or close thereto for
an appreciable period of time. A motor vehicle
which properly stops merely to discharge a
passenger or to take in a waiting passenger, or to
load or unload a small quantity of freight with
reasonable dispatch shall not be considered as
“parked”, if the motor vehicle again moves away
without delay.
62
⊹ (m) “Tourist" shall mean a foreigner
who travels from place to place for
pleasure or culture.

63
⊹ Who is the congressman of samar died because of car accident in pampanga?
⊹ She is the First Lady of President Ramon Magsaysay Sr.?
⊹ How long is the validity of driver license?
⊹ When the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Developed?
⊹ Who is the First Chairperson or Chairman of MMDA?
⊹ Who is the Lord Mayor in 1722?
⊹ This is the type of vehicle used in 18th century
⊹ What's the jurisdiction of LTFRB?
⊹ What administration and when the LTFRB was established?
⊹ What is the minimum height of the famous broadway squad?
⊹ Who creates the first traffic regulations?
⊹ This allows them to help ------ the community on safe practices
⊹ Many ----- work in court houses helping with the processing and transfer of prisoners
⊹ Who are responsible for the passing and/or amending of laws and/or ordinances?
⊹ Police Auxiliary are also called?
⊹ Why do the LTO roaming around?
64
⊹ Congressman Gregorio Tan
⊹ Luz Banzon Magsaysay
⊹ 5 years
⊹ March 1, 1995
⊹ Prospero Oreta
⊹ Sir Gerard Conyers
⊹ Steam-powered self-propelled
⊹ Public vehicles
⊹ June 19, 1987 under former corazon Aquino's administration
⊹ 6 feet
⊹ Police Commissioner Bingham
⊹ Educate
⊹ Highway Patrolmen
⊹ Special Police
⊹ Looking for fake license plates, number coding violators, expired vehicle registrations, fake, expired or improperly
mounted commemorative plates, colorum public utility vehicles

65