1. Synonymy is a sense relation between predicates where two predicates have the same sense or meaning. Common examples of synonyms include stubborn and obstinate, brigand and bandit, and mercury and quicksilver.
2. Paraphrase is a relation between sentences where one sentence expresses the same proposition as another sentence, assuming the same referents. Paraphrase relates to sentences as synonymy relates to predicates.
3. Hyponymy is a sense relation where the meaning of one predicate or phrase is included within the meaning of another, more general predicate or phrase. Specific colors like scarlet are hyponyms of the more general color red. Synonymy can be seen as
1. Synonymy is a sense relation between predicates where two predicates have the same sense or meaning. Common examples of synonyms include stubborn and obstinate, brigand and bandit, and mercury and quicksilver.
2. Paraphrase is a relation between sentences where one sentence expresses the same proposition as another sentence, assuming the same referents. Paraphrase relates to sentences as synonymy relates to predicates.
3. Hyponymy is a sense relation where the meaning of one predicate or phrase is included within the meaning of another, more general predicate or phrase. Specific colors like scarlet are hyponyms of the more general color red. Synonymy can be seen as
1. Synonymy is a sense relation between predicates where two predicates have the same sense or meaning. Common examples of synonyms include stubborn and obstinate, brigand and bandit, and mercury and quicksilver.
2. Paraphrase is a relation between sentences where one sentence expresses the same proposition as another sentence, assuming the same referents. Paraphrase relates to sentences as synonymy relates to predicates.
3. Hyponymy is a sense relation where the meaning of one predicate or phrase is included within the meaning of another, more general predicate or phrase. Specific colors like scarlet are hyponyms of the more general color red. Synonymy can be seen as
1. Synonymy is a sense relation between predicates where two predicates have the same sense or meaning. Common examples of synonyms include stubborn and obstinate, brigand and bandit, and mercury and quicksilver.
2. Paraphrase is a relation between sentences where one sentence expresses the same proposition as another sentence, assuming the same referents. Paraphrase relates to sentences as synonymy relates to predicates.
3. Hyponymy is a sense relation where the meaning of one predicate or phrase is included within the meaning of another, more general predicate or phrase. Specific colors like scarlet are hyponyms of the more general color red. Synonymy can be seen as
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SENSE RELATIONS (1)
IDENTITY AND SIMILARITY OF SENSE
Name : 1. Ririn Damayanti 112019001
2. Gustina 112019009 3. Lusi Wulandari 112019012 SUBJECT : Semantic Rekha Asmara,S.Pd,M.Pd IDENTITY AND SIMILARITY OF SENSE
Sense Relations The sense of an expression : is the whole set of sense relations it contracts with other expressions in the language Sense Relations individual predicates whole sentences DEFINITION
SYNONYMY is the relationship
between two predicates that have the same sense. Example
-In most dialects of English, stubborn
and obstinate are synonyms. -In many dialects, brigand and bandit are synonyms. -In many dialects, mercury and quicksilver are synonyms. Synonymy is a relation between predicates, and not between words (i.e. word-forms) Each distinct sense of a word is a predicate hide1- intransitive verb - Let’s hide from Mummy hide2 - transitive verb - Hide your sweeties under the pillow hide3 - noun -We watched the birds from a hide These senses are related in meaning hide 4 -noun -The hide of an ox weighs 200 lbs unrelated -Because of the ambiguity of most words, questions about synonymy are formulated in terms of sentences. - The thief tried to hide the evidence - the predicate hide2 - a synonym of conceal SYNONYMY
The definition of synonymy as a relationship between the senses of
words - requires a clear separation of all the (closely related/different) senses of a word
The sense of a word does not depend entirely on its part of speech deep & profound - (adjective & adjective) sleeping & asleep -(verb & adjective)
Grammar and meaning are separate though closely related aspects of
language PARAPHRASE
A sentence which expresses the same proposition as
another sentence is a PARAPHRASE of that sentence (assuming the same referents for any referring expressions involved).
Paraphrase is to SENTENCES (on individual
interpretations) as SYNONYMY is to PREDICATES (though some semanticists talk loosely of synonymy in the case of sentences as well). e.g. Bachelors prefer redhaired girls is a paraphrase of Girls with red hair are preferred by unmarried men HYPONYMY
is a sense relation between predicates (or sometimes
longer phrases) such that the meaning of one predicate (or phrase) is included in the meaning of the other. The meaning of red is included in the meaning of scarlet. Red is the superordinate term -more general or inclusive in meaning, abstract, or schematic than its hyponyms. scarlet is a hyponym of red - more specific in the kind of colour it describes HYPONYMY & SYNONYMY We define HYPONYMY in such a way that SYNONYMY counts as a special case of hyponymy. Thus synonymy can be seen as a special case of hyponymy, i.e. SYMMETRICAL HYPONYMY. Rule If X is a hyponym of Y and if Y is also a hyponym of X, then X and Y are synonymous . e.g. mercury and quicksilver Entailment A proposition X ENTAILS a proposition Y if the truth of Y follows necessarily from the truth of X. We extend this basic definition in terms of propositions to cover SENTENCES in the following way. A sentence expressing proposition X entails a sentence expressing proposition Y if the truth of Y follows necessarily from the truth of X. Proposition X - proposition Y P X (T) - P Y (T) P X (F) -P Y (F) Sentence expressing X -sentence expressing Y Thank You☺️
