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Building Construction Engineering

This document discusses openings in buildings like doors and windows. It notes that openings provide access to spaces, ventilation, light, and allow the exchange of energy. The size and location of openings depends on factors like the purpose of the room and climate conditions. It then focuses on doors, noting they are located for free movement and structural integrity. The minimum distance from room corners is specified. Door location should also consider interior design and ventilation. Terminology for door parts like the frame, panels, hinges are defined. Doors are fixed to frames using hold-fasts embedded in concrete. Horns or bolts may also be used depending on the frame material.

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Usama Kardar
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50 views

Building Construction Engineering

This document discusses openings in buildings like doors and windows. It notes that openings provide access to spaces, ventilation, light, and allow the exchange of energy. The size and location of openings depends on factors like the purpose of the room and climate conditions. It then focuses on doors, noting they are located for free movement and structural integrity. The minimum distance from room corners is specified. Door location should also consider interior design and ventilation. Terminology for door parts like the frame, panels, hinges are defined. Doors are fixed to frames using hold-fasts embedded in concrete. Horns or bolts may also be used depending on the frame material.

Uploaded by

Usama Kardar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building Construction

Engineering
CE-120
Lecture 13
Joinery openings
Openings in buildings are provides
To have an access to each space in the building
For ventilation
For entrance of natural light inside the rooms
For exchange of energy(solar radiation, heat)
Openings may be:
Door, primarily provided for access to any space in building
Window, primarily provided for entrance natural light and ventilation
Ventilator, primarily provided for natural ventilation
Size and location of openings depend upon:
Utility of building space(For what purpose of room do you use)
Size of building space
Orientation of building space
Architectural requirements
Climate conditions of area
Door and their location
A door is a vented barrier provided in a wall opening to admit movement inside and
outside the room of a building
A door may be single leafed or double leafed
Opening provided in the boundary wall of a building is called gate and not a door
Location of door is decided on the basis of the following factors:
The door should be located such that to provide free movement
Minimum distance of door from the corner of room shall be 4.5”(i.e. ½ brick length) with regard
to architectural point of view
The distance should be at least 2ft. In case of unreinforced brick masonry with regard to seismic
resistance
Location of door should be compatible with interior or decorative of the room
If two doors are to provided they should be located in opposite direction to achieve good
ventilation in the room
Door and their location
Terminologies regarding doors and door
frames
Frame/casing Mullion
Head/top rail Jambs
Lock rail Panels
Bottom rail Sash bars
Sill/threshold Rebate
Shutter/leaf Horns
Hinge Hold-fasts
Hinge stile Louvers
Lock stile Stops & chocks
Fixing of door frame in wall
Doors are fixed to the door frame through a hinge which is onward fixed in to the
masonry wall by hold-fasts
Hold-fasts are usually 30mmx60mm flat steel bands, whose length is about 20cm
These are attached to the door frame using nail in case of wooden frame and welded or
bolted to the frame in case of steel frame
Hold-fasts are fixed to the wall by embedding them in rich plain cement concrete
In case of wooden door frame, horns are provided at upper corners of door frame are
built to the wall
Horns are horizontal projections of the head and sill of a frame to facilitate the fixing of
the frame on the wall opening. The length of horns is kept about 10 to 15 cm which is
embedded into the sideway
In case of steel or aluminum, door frame may be fixed with expansion bolts
Fixing of door frame in wall

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