Math1 Lesson1

Definition of
Mathematics
Mathematics is the
study of
relationships
Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World
Patterns in nature are visible regularities found in the natural world. These
patterns persist in different contexts and can be modeled mathematically.
Natural patterns may consist of spirals, symmetries, mosaics, stripes, spots,
etc. The world seems to make several distinct patterns, evolving various
complex steps of formation but a closer and deeper study reveals that these
patterns have many similarities and resemblances.
Plato, Pythagoras and Empedocles and other early Greek philosophers
studied patterns to explain order in nature which leads to the modern
understanding of visible patterns.
In the 19th century, Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau examined soap films
leading him to formulate the concept of a minimal surface. German biologist
and artist Ernst Haeckel painted hundreds of marine organisms to emphasize
their symmetry. Scottish biologist D’Arcy Thompson pioneered the study of
growth patterns in both plants and animals showing that simple equations
could explain spiral growth. In the 20th century, British mathematician Alan
Turing predicted mechanisms of morphogenesis which gave rise to patterns
of spots and stripes. Hungarian biologist Aristid Lindenmayer and French
American mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot showed how the mathematics
of fractals could create plant growth patterns. (Patterns of Nature, 2017)
W. Gary Smith adopts eight patterns in his
landscape work namely scattered, fractured,
mosaic, naturalistic drift, serpentine, spiral,
radial and dendritic. These patterns occur in
plants, animals, rock formations, river flow, stars
or in human creations. (Goral, 2017)
Numbers are everywhere in nature.
Mathematicians noticed that numbers appear in
many different patterns in nature: bird’s two
wings, clover’s three leaflets, deer’s four
hooves, buttercup’s five petals, insect’s six legs,
rainbow’s seven colors, octopus’ eight arms and
many others. As men of science studied
numbers, they also realized their significance in
everyday life.
The Fibonacci Sequence
Leonardo Pisano Bogollo lived between 1170
and 1250 in Italy. His nickname, Fibonacci
roughly means Son of Bonacci. (Fibonacci
Sequence, 2016)
Aside from being famous for the Fibonacci
Sequence, he also helped spread Hindu Arabic
numerals (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9) through
Europe in place of Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV,
V, etc). Fibonacci Day is November 23, as it has
the digits “ 1, 1, 2, 3” which is part of the
sequence which he developed. This famous
Fibonacci Sequence has fascinated
In geometry, a golden spiral is a logarithmic
spiral whose growth factor is Φ, the Golden
Ratio. That is, a golden spiral gets wider (or
farther from its origin) by a factor of Φ for every
quarter turn it makes. (Golden Spiral, 2017)
Examples of Fibonacci flowers are: three-petal
lily and iris; five petal wild rose, larkspur,
buttercup and columbine; eight-petal
delphiniums; thirteen-petal ragwort, corn,
marigold and cineraria; 21-petal aster, chicory
and black-eyed susan; 34-petal pytethrum and
plantain and others
Definition
Language is the system of words, signs and
symbols which people use to express ideas,
thoughts and feelings
Mathematical Language is the system used to
communicate mathematical ideas.
Four main actions attributed to problem solving
and reasoning
1. Modeling and Formulating
2. Transforming and Manipulating
3. Inferring
4. Communicating
Characteristics of Mathematical Language
Mathematics is about ideas - relationship,
quantities, processes, measurements, reasoning
and so on.
The use of language in mathematics differs from
the language of ordinary speech in three
important ways. (Jamison 2000)
First, mathematical language is non-temporal.
There is no past, present and future in
mathematics
Second, mathematical language is devoid of
emotional content
Advantage of Mathematical Notation
Symbolic and Graphical is that it is highly
compact and focused
Mathematical Expressions
Mathematical expression consists of terms. The
term of a mathematical expression contains a
number and a letter separated by at least one of
the fundamental operations.
In algebra, variables or letters are used to
represent unknown quantities. In 2x + 5, x is a
variable and is also called literal coefficient while
2 is called numerical coefficient. Meanwhile, 5 in
the same expression is called constant whose
value is irreplaceable.
Mathematical expressions may be classified
according to the number of terms as follows:
Mathematical Sentence
Mathematical Sentence is a combination of two
mathematical expressions using a comparison
operator.
1. Equation
ex. 4x + 3 = 19
2. Inequality
ex. 15x - 5 < 3y
An open sentence in math means that it uses

variables, meaning that it is not known whether
Conventions in the Mathematical Language
Context refers to the particular topics being
studied and it is important to understand the
context to understand mathematical symbols.
Convention is a technique used by
mathematicians, engineers, scientist is which
each particular symbol has particular meaning.
Four Basic Concepts
1. Set is well-defined collection of distinct
objects.
2. Functions are mathematical quantities that
give unique outputs to particular inputs.
3. Relations are correspondence between a first
set of variables such that for some elements of
the first set variables, there correspond at least
two elements of the second set of variables.
4. Binary Operations are rules for combining two
values to produce a new value.

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Definition of

An open sentence in math means that it uses

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