Good Evening

1
 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (TAUNGGYI)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 
 

Comparison of Analysis and  Design Result of Ten-Storey

R.C Building with Special  and Intermediate Moment
Resistant
  Frame
 
 
 
Second Seminar
Graduation Thesis
 

Supervised By 20.7.2020 Presented By

Daw Swe Nwe Nwe Oo (Wednesday) Sai Aung Naing
6C-26

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Outline of Presentation
 Introduction
 Aims and Objectives
 Scope
 Outlines of Thesis
 Implementation Plan
 Background Theory
 Analyze and Design of Proposed Building by Using ETABS Software
 Compare Analysis and Design Result
 References

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Introduction
1. Reinforced concrete is a dominant structural material in
engineered construction.
2. The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems
from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and of the
constituents of concrete.
3. A moment resistant frame is a special type of frame that uses
rigid connections members.
4. This configuration is able to resist lateral and overturning forces
because of the bending moment and shear strength that inherent
in its members and the connecting joints.

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Continued

3. SMRF and IMRF being emphasized in the research and a

detailed computer simulation of the different RCC structures in
zone 2 B with different R (Response Modification Factor) values
i.e., 5.5 and 8.5 given in UBC-1997 are used. R which is a
measure of ductility and over strength of the structures.
4. SMRF and IMRF are being consider in each moderate and high
seismic zone.
5. The proposed building include ten-storey and it located in
Taunggyi. The analysis and design of proposed building will be
done by ETABS software.

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Aims and Objectives
1. To compare analysis and design result of ten-storey R.C building
with special and intermediate moment resistant frame.
2. To analysis and design of ten-storey R.C building.
3. To evaluate the different between SMRF and IMRF.

6
Scope
 Gravity loads and load combinations are considered with ACI 318-14.
 Lateral loads are considered with UBC97.
 Super structure is only considered.
 Shear wall is not designed.

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Outlines of Thesis
Chapter (1) Introduction
Chapter (2) Background Theory
Chapter (3) Data Preparation
Chapter (4) Comparison of Analysis and Design Results
Chapter (5) Discussion, Conclusion and
Recommendation

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Implementation Plan

1.Study on Background Theory

2.Prepare drawing designs
3.Analyze and design of proposed building by using ETABS software
4.Compare the result of proposed building between SMRF and IMRF
5.Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation

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Background Theory

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ACI provision for S.M.R.F
•Beam
 
• Clear span equal to at least 4d and width not less than 0.3h .

• Within a distance 2h of critical sections lap splices must be enclosed by hoops

or spirals with a maximum spacing of 1/4 of the effective depth or 4 in.

• The first hoop must be located not more than 2 in from the face of the
supporting member and the maximum spacing of the hoops must not exceed 1/4
of the effective depth, 6 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar,
excluding skin reinforcement, or 6 in.

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• To obtain ductile performance, the location of lap splices is limited. They may
not be used within joints, within a distance 2h of critical sections . Lap splices
must be enclosed by hoops or spirals with a maximum spacing of 1/4 of the
effective depth or 4 in.

• Stirrups with seismic hooks at both ends must be provided throughout the
member, with a maximum spacing of ½ of the effective depth.

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•Column
 
• In special moment frames have (1) a minimum cross-sectional dimension of at
least 12 in. (2) a ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the
perpendicular dimension of at least 0.4 .

• Lap splices must be designed for tension, are permitted only in the center half of
columns.

• ACI Code specifies the use of minimum transverse reinforcement over length
from each joint face and on both sides of any section where flexural yielding is
likely because of inelastic lateral displacement of the frame. The length may not
be less than (1) the depth of the column, (2) 1/6 of the clear span of the member,
or (3) 18 in.
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• 
• For regions outside of, when the minimum transverse reinforcement defined
above is not provided, the spacing of spiral or hoop reinforcement may not
exceed 6 times the diameter of the longitudinal column bars or 6 in.

• The spacing of transverse reinforcement within may not exceed 1/4 of the
minimum member dimension, 6 times the diameter of the longitudinal bar, or

where is the maximum horizontal spacing of hoop

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ACI provision for I.M.R.F

Beams

• Hoops are required at both ends of beams over a length equal to twice the
member depth. The first hoop must be placed within 2 in of the face of the
support.

• The maximum spacing in this region may not exceed 1/4 of the effective depth,
8 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar, 24 times the stirrup
diameter, or 12 in.

• The maximum stirrup spacing elsewhere in beams is one-half of the effective

depth.
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• 
For columns

• The length must be greater than 1/6 of the column clear span, the maximum cross-
sectional dimension of the member, or 18 in.

• Within length ℓo from the joint face, the tie spacing may not exceed 8 times the
diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar, 24 times the diameter of the tie bar, 1/2 of
the smallest cross-sectional dimension of the column, or 12 in. The first tie must be
located not more than from the joint face.

• Outside of, the spacing of the transverse reinforcement must not exceed or 24 in.

• There is no restriction on the location of longitudinal bar splices for I.M.R.F. The
splices may be located away from joints.
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Analyze and Design of Proposed Building by
Using ETABS Software

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1. Loading Based on ACI 318-14

2. Factored load combinations for determining required strength U in the ACI Code

3. Define Lateral Loads

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Loading Based on ACI 318-14
Type of Loads
1. 4.5” brick wall 50 psf
2. Live load for residential 40 psf
3. Live load for stair 100 psf
4. Live load for roof 20 psf
5. Finishing load with tiles 20 psf
6. Suspended load 10 psf
7. Rain load 20 psf
8. Weight per unit volume for concrete 150 pcf

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Factored load combinations for determining
required strength U in the ACI Code

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Define Lateral Loads
1. Earthquake

•• Location
  - Taunggyi
• Zone - IV
• Seismic zone Factor - 0.4
• Importance Factor -1
• Soil profile type - ( very dense soil and soft rock)
• Seismic source type -B
• Distance - 15km
• Time Period - 0.03 (method A)
• Over Strength Factor - 8.5 ( S.M.R.F) & 5.5 (I.M.R.F)

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2. Wind

• Wind Speed - 70 mph

• Exposure type -B
• Important Factor -1
• Parapet Height - 3'9"

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Compare Analysis and Design Result

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 C1

B1
C2 B2

C3 B3

C4

B4

B5 C5

Figure 1. Comparison of Analysis and Design Results of Selected Members

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 Table 1. Comparison of Lateral Forces Due To Earthquake

S.M.R.F I.M.R.F Difference in %

Story
X-Dir (Kip) Y-Dir(Kip) X-Dir(Kip) Y-Dir(Kip) X-Dir(Kip) Y-Dir(Kip)

ROOF TOP 11.648 11.648 20.361 20.361 42.7926 42.7926

ROOF 53.074 53.074 88.404 88.404 39.9643 39.9643

9TH FL 57.349 57.349 92.772 92.772 38.1829 38.1829

8TH FL 51.459 51.459 81.807 81.807 37.0971 37.0971

7TH FL 45.373 45.373 70.663 70.663 35.7896 35.7896

6TH FL 39.463 39.463 62.713 62.713 37.0737 37.0737

5TH FL 33.531 33.531 53.885 53.885 37.773 37.773

4TH FL 28.102 28.102 46.12 46.12 39.0676 39.0676

3RD FL 22.701 22.701 37.383 37.383 39.2745 39.2745

2ND FL 16.841 16.841 27.692 27.692 39.1846 39.1846

1ST FL 10.976 10.976 18.173 18.173 39.6027 39.6027

GROUND FL 2.178 2.178 3.886 3.886 43.9527 43.9527

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Lateral Force Due to EQX Lateral Force Due to EQY
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
Kip

Kip
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
F L L L L L L L L L L F L L L L L L L L L L
T OP O O H F H F H F H F H F H F D F D F T F D F T OP OO H F H F H F H F H F H F D F D F T F D F
OF R 9T 8T 7T 6T 5T 4T 3R 2N 1S UN OF R 9T 8T 7T 6T 5T 4T 3R 2N 1S UN
O O O O
R GR R GR

Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 2. Comparison of Lateral Force Due to EQX and EQY

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 Table 2. Comparison of Axial Force in Column
Axial Force (Kip) Difference in %
FLOOR C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
I S I S I S I S I S
9TH
10.727 11.475 13.385 20.078 22.65 24.16 28.192 28.445 11.986 13.334 28.192 9.2600 7.4098 5.4247 9.7000

8TH
27.484 28.976 20.522 23.508 62.403 66.384 78.893 84.893 30.873 33.843 78.893 15.4981 4.8107 7.0677 3.7233

7TH
44.436 46.432 29.09 31.989 102.673 109.535 129.916 142.801 49.562 54.056 129.916 13.9086 5.4327 9.0230 6.7861

6TH
62.262 64.109 31.472 35.892 142.957 152.976 181.882 202.077 69.625 74.067 181.882 3.3077 5.8670 9.9937 3.8880

5TH
80.286 82.018 35.702 37.31 184.154 195.935 234.999 262.32 90.197 93.764 234.999 0.7619 5.4414 10.4151 4.7077

4TH
98.479 100.139 39.422 40.528 226.503 235.465 289.91 323.877 110.358 112.987 289.91 4.9972 3.4052 10.4876 3.2530

3RD
117.864 119.396 44.24 44.979 272.837 280.422 350.01 387.405 132.405 133.078 350.01 4.3660 2.4466 9.6527 12.5440

2ND
137.52 138.917 52.415 53.137 319.41 326.598 410.211 451.003 154.508 155.037 410.211 4.4933 2.0796 9.0447 2.6989

1ST
157.457 158.718 62.708 64.359 367.613 374.951 472.44 516.743 175.702 177.441 472.44 6.6113 1.9289 8.5735 5.3052

GF
177.48 178.651 76.878 80.586 418.677 427.741 535.378 582.019 195.868 198.421 535.378 13.4115 2.1407 8.0137 7.5305

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Comparison of Axial Force in C1 Comparison of Axial Force in C2

200 90
180 80
160 70
140
60
120
50
100
Kip

Kip
40
80
30
60
40 20

20 10
0 0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 3. Comparison of Axial Force in C1 and C2

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Comparison of Axial Force in C3 Comparison of Axial Force in C4

450 700
400
600
350
500
300
250 400
Kip

Kip
200 300
150
200
100
100
50
0 0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 4. Comparison of Axial Force in C3 and C4

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Comparison of Axial Force in C5
250

200

Kip 150

100

50

0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F
Figure 5. Comparison of Axial Force in C5
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 Table 3.Comparison of Shear in Column

Shear (Kip) Difference in %

FLOOR C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
I S I S I S I S I S
9TH
1.334 2.105 1.824 2.382 2.563 4.565 2.795 3.383 1.342 1.611 10.9051 31.4626 38.7409 11.7402 1.7570

8TH
1.18 1.669 2.956 1.484 2.802 4.49 2.909 3.453 0.892 1.165 13.7890 24.0473 36.0960 11.6654 18.4063

7TH
1.138 1.741 2.694 2.364 2.519 4.284 2.45 3.373 0.821 1.29 9.5238 10.2628 42.4023 -31.9124 17.6528

6TH
1.867 1.727 2.119 1.995 4.13 3.977 3.979 3.268 1.412 1.209 8.7500 0.4247 1.8536 27.7471 11.1421

5TH
1.71 1.747 2.094 1.551 3.942 3.654 3.794 3.106 1.232 1.157 5.2293 22.9704 13.1497 12.5070 2.6015

4TH
1.616 1.575 1.918 1.306 3.861 3.134 5.063 2.724 1.104 0.983 11.9912 30.5005 12.6679 62.2474 6.7616

3RD
2.2 2.164 1.565 0.742 4.731 4.349 4.329 4.099 1.71 1.319 11.9186 51.7572 6.4352 36.1683 18.3759

2ND
1.968 1.909 1.354 0.278 4.512 3.926 3.659 3.354 1.381 1.062 16.4049 56.1300 0.5663 45.5521 21.7582

1ST
2.118 2.072 1.036 0.412 3.045 3.026 4.434 4.282 1.175 0.93 15.8454 50.4826 4.3055 40.8291 20.6728

GF
1.344 1.307 0.678 0.224 2.186 1.531 2.857 1.995 1.005 0.852 8.7699 27.5811 15.8907 43.1471 31.0484

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Comparison of Shear in C1 Comparison of Shear in C2

2.5 3.5

3
2
Kip

2.5
1.5 2

Kip
1 1.5

1
0.5
0.5

0 0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 6. Comparison of Shear in C1 and C2

32
Comparison of Shear in C3 Comparison of Shear in C4

5 6
4.5
5
4
3.5
4
3
2.5 3
Kip

Kip
2
2
1.5
1
1
0.5
0 0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 7. Comparison of Shear in C3 and C4

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Comparison of Shear in C5

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
kip

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF

Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 8. Comparison of Shear in C5

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 Table 4. Comparison of Moment in Column

Moment (Kip-ft) Difference in %

FLOOR C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
I S I S I S I S I S
9TH
7.6131 11.5048 12.3368 14.2558 15.7437 27.2551 17.1563 20.5375 7.094 11.093 3.5294 30.1449 37.2858 25.0803 5.2926

8TH
7.1407 10.1173 17.8451 10.475 16.5672 26.7648 17.2876 20.666 5.3923 7.3698 0.7404 24.9620 36.5428 24.2660 9.3107

7TH
6.5573 10.4005 14.6379 14.0731 14.3502 25.3478 14.0518 20.1938 4.7674 7.6192 0.7119 1.6014 44.4852 18.1708 8.5956

6TH
10.7448 10.3423 12.5797 11.2777 23.7398 23.5399 23.0666 19.4563 8.1487 7.1882 4.2615 5.3443 4.6679 25.9019 8.4464

5TH
10.903 10.5187 12.2038 9.0498 21.8452 21.5506 21.2092 18.4726 7.3401 6.8817 4.3551 23.0322 16.0587 4.4173 2.7679

4TH
9.2372 8.9985 11.0826 7.5298 19.7591 18.0548 28.4971 15.7721 6.464 5.5955 11.9196 30.9034 11.0564 61.0857 9.3810

3RD
12.6206 12.3854 9.1277 7.6497 24.911 24.6422 26.0588 23.7533 9.717 7.4184 11.8646 59.0543 6.0410 39.3132 19.3405

2ND
11.7103 11.4093 7.7715 6.4682 20.541 19.7848 20.7131 19.469 8.1083 6.3036 15.7887 79.8160 0.2428 44.2859 21.0124

1ST
12.8997 12.7196 5.8533 4.566 19.7153 17.9473 29.2835 28.476 6.7523 5.3157 15.7559 70.8062 6.3560 41.5038 20.1415

GF
6.2725 6.0137 3.8608 2.0856 8.5359 6.1521 9.5467 7.0843 5.772 5.0902 13.7707 56.7862 25.8786 42.4207 27.8132

35
Comparison of Moment in C1 Comparison of Moment in C2

14 20
18
12
16
10 14

8 12
Kip-ft

Kip-ft
10
6 8
4 6
4
2
2
0 0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 9. Comparison of Moment in C1 and C2

36
Comparison of Moment in C3 Comparison of Moment in C4

30 35

25 30

25
20
20

Kip-ft
Kip-ft

15
15
10
10

5 5

0 0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST

Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 10. Comparison of Moment in C3 and C4 37

Comparison of Moment in C5

12

10

Kip-ft 8

0
9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 11. Comparison of Moment in C5

38
 Table 5. Comparison of Shear in Beam

Shear V (Kip) Difference in %

FLOOR B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
I S I S I S I S I S

ROOF 5.546 5.593 9.884 5.576 6.709 9.513 8.158 8.94 3.183 4.548 6.4297 19.7784 23.3603 25.5395 30.0821

9TH
8.138 8.41 9.255 4.496 12.75 17.6 8.244 9.982 5.226 7.768 9.4686 14.1293 27.5568 21.4651 18.4665

8TH
7.756 8.227 9.415 4.265 12.916 17.721 8.056 10.027 6.345 8.023 14.5723 18.0641 27.1147 16.8252 19.2473

7TH
7.616 8.148 6.085 4.549 13.144 16.121 7.891 9.836 8.242 8.135 16.0388 4.9782 18.4666 12.7520 17.3989

6TH
7.344 8.11 5.262 4.26 13.366 16.246 7.776 9.49 10.016 8.11 20.2870 11.3594 17.7274 14.9530 18.0511

5TH
6.906 8.037 4.65 3.872 13.095 16.382 7.91 8.911 10.59 7.916 24.7510 16.7082 19.6069 22.3731 25.2502

4TH
12.495 9.571 4.322 1.955 13.525 16.714 8.267 8.182 10.8 8.113 22.1849 28.3973 16.4712 31.3522 24.8796

3RD
13.139 9.771 3.599 1.686 13.925 16.976 10.083 8.232 11.942 8.177 24.7812 26.8467 13.2893 39.0112 31.5274

2ND
13.567 9.986 2.948 1.363 14.111 17.004 10.087 8.278 12.041 7.807 25.4736 9.2329 12.2207 39.0773 35.1632

1ST
14.01 10.251 2.252 1.02 14.556 17.131 10.21 7.974 12.099 7.488 25.6031 25.1538 8.6568 42.6661 38.1106

GF
6.364 3.207 1.066 0.9646 1.655 1.874 5.678 4.103 12.184 7.171 19.7800 8.2906 28.6442 66.7720 41.1441

39
Comparison of Shear in B1 Comparison of Shear in B2

16 12

14
10
12

Kip
8
10

8 6
Kip

6
4
4
2
2

0 0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 12. Comparison of Shear in B1 and B2

40
Comparison of Shear in B3 Comparison of Shear in B4

20 12
18
10
16

Kip
14
8
12
10 6
Kip

8
4
6
4
2
2
0 0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 13. Comparison of Shear in B3 and B4

41
Comparison of Shear in B5
14

12

10

8
Kip

0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 14. Comparison of Shear in B5

42
 Table 7. Comparison of Moment in Beam
Moment (Kip-ft) Difference in %
FLOOR B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
I S I S I S I S I S

ROOF 7.8116 10.4234 18.7914 16.7972 13.7576 16.4951 23.2304 24.9719 7.0656 8.0845 23.1341 7.5005 31.3857 42.7742 21.0863

9TH
15.4761 19.2084 19.6858 15.9024 35.1585 36.3851 24.8152 25.1357 11.1846 13.1482 16.1073 13.9194 27.7910 38.4945 17.1264

8TH
11.9311 18.055 21.8198 15.8665 35.772 37.3064 23.941 25.2648 7.4422 9.0941 19.2596 11.7712 27.6227 32.6601 3.0813

7TH
10.312 17.5055 21.5816 19.3466 36.9025 39.3606 20.9942 24.5076 4.3603 3.8284 15.8667 3.9658 13.8881 27.0245 17.4404

6TH
8.6137 16.9595 19.2692 17.9936 38.692 40.2389 19.4346 22.9852 4.4021 3.9254 11.6303 4.6007 15.8380 29.3556 43.6840

5TH
25.0307 16.1652 18.3505 17.0433 38.5337 41.2443 16.6599 20.4365 6.7425 5.547 15.0561 5.3809 19.0665 33.2862 49.4280

4TH
32.7787 20.0982 13.0284 7.1914 39.827 43.0986 17.8307 16.9871 10.8056 7.5829 16.4986 14.2305 17.7873 44.8667 54.8002

3RD
36.6944 21.1354 11.3252 6.1155 41.8109 45.5858 21.3022 17.2147 15.4413 7.2288 18.7202 15.9603 16.3974 54.7072 60.1262

2ND
38.7923 21.9645 9.1457 4.8689 42.655 46.3634 19.3497 17.0753 15.6537 6.3854 21.0222 17.2146 15.5563 52.8234 64.8837

1ST
39.8203 22.7224 6.1845 3.1968 43.2554 47.0909 19.6761 15.6127 15.6526 6.7379 20.1367 23.4415 16.0417 56.6523 62.9792

GF
29.0854 8.7138 9.9887 6.6133 14.3114 14.4111 10.2638 7.3986 17.2592 9.922 17.3607 33.7922 22.1944 56.6306 61.6836

43
Comparison of Moment for B1 Comparison of Moment for B2

45 25
40
35 20

30
15
25
Kip-ft

Kip-ft
20
10
15
10 5
5
0 0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 18. Comparison of Moment in B1 and B2

44
Comparison of Moment for B3 Comparison of Moment for B4

50 30
45
25
40
35
20
30
Kip-ft

Kip-ft
25 15
20
10
15
10
5
5
0 0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 19. Comparison of Moment in B3 and B4

45
Comparison of Moment for B5
20
18
16
14
12
Kip-ft

10
8
6
4
2
0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 20. Comparison of Moment in B5

46
 Table 6. Comparison of Torsion in Beam

Torsion (Kip-ft) Difference in %

FLOOR B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
I S I S I S I S I S

ROOF 0.688 0.5095 6.4244 4.7608 5.5973 8.73 1.3945 0.3236 0.731 1.8969 29.3297 19.1753 53.9866 58.1015 17.2356

9TH
1.4563 1.1179 9.2046 8.4073 7.267 14.3346 1.0194 0.729 0.6219 1.379 24.6687 11.0665 53.2637 49.8775 1.3056

8TH
1.7641 0.8916 8.5757 8.2307 6.8445 14.0131 1.8364 0.592 0.7111 1.0183 18.2917 27.3447 53.9605 22.7146 13.2570

7TH
0.6326 0.5892 9.5019 8.9978 6.687 10.0978 1.3938 0.2654 0.5303 0.922 13.7308 7.7531 31.8727 51.3710 5.8026

6TH
1.2126 1.164 6.3723 5.285 6.4177 9.4791 1.957 0.8155 0.7034 0.8309 5.7057 18.1850 27.0132 58.1868 6.5561

5TH
1.5928 1.401 6.1005 5.1271 5.0985 8.6204 1.7668 0.3889 0.686 0.7309 10.2908 15.9561 34.8156 31.2090 10.6794

4TH
2.567 1.682 5.4933 3.3762 4.7436 8.473 2.1405 1.1275 0.7578 0.9473 18.9792 38.5397 30.3343 44.4009 20.7528

3RD
1.7389 0.8658 5.0313 2.1681 4.3433 8.091 2.1946 1.0383 0.642 0.8154 26.7719 56.9078 26.2433 31.5153 15.5264

2ND
0.9596 0.651 4.4814 2.0094 3.4564 6.8803 2.9281 1.0745 0.813 1.6021 29.6483 55.1613 24.3187 48.1318 19.7136

1ST
1.5312 1.4637 3.8556 1.7399 2.6015 5.7201 3.3802 2.2079 0.419 1.3555 21.3426 54.8734 19.6848 56.0330 1.8055

GF
1.4278 1.1019 2.5552 1.7004 1.3024 2.168 2.8185 1.1877 0.9401 1.1877 28.3885 33.4534 39.9262 57.5981 3.4740

47
Comparison of Torsion in B1 Comparison of Torsion in B2

3 10
9
2.5
8
Kip-ft

7
2
6

Kip-ft
1.5 5
4
1
3
2
0.5
1
0 0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 15. Comparison of Torsion in B1 and B2

48
Comparison of Torsion in B3 Comparison of Torsion in B4

16 4

14 3.5
Kip-ft

12 3

10 2.5

Kip-ft
8 2

6 1.5

4 1

2 0.5

0 0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 16. Comparison of Torsion in B3 and B4

49
Comparison of Torsion in B5
2
1.8
1.6

Kip-ft
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
ROOF 9TH 8TH 7TH 6TH 5TH 4TH 3RD 2ND 1ST GF
Storey

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Figure 17. Comparison of Torsion in B5

50
 Table 8. Comparison of As required at C1

As required () at C1
Difference in (%)
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F
9TH 9TH
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
8TH TH 8TH
TH
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
77THTH 7 TH
7TH
1.44
1.44 1.44
1.44 00
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
66TH
TH 6 TH
6TH
1.44
1.44 144
144 00
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
55TH 5 TH
5TH
TH
1.44 1.44
1.44 00
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
4TH 4TH
4TH 1.96 4TH 1.44 36.111
(C14X14) 1.96 (C12X12) 1.44 36.111
(C14X14) (C12X12)
3RD 3RD
3RD 1.96 3RD 1.96 0
(C14X14) 1.96 (C14X14) 1.96 0
(C14X14) (C14X14)
2ND 2ND
2ND 1.96 2ND 1.96 0
(C14X14) 1.96 (C14X14) 1.96 0
(C14X14) (C14X14)
1ST 1ST
1ST 1.96 1ST 1.96 0
(C14X14) 1.96 (C14X14) 1.96 0
(C14X14) (C14X14)
GF GF
GF 1.96 GF 1.96 0
(C14X14) 1.96 (C14X14) 1.96 0
(C14X14) (C14X14)
51
 Table 9. Comparison of As required at C2

As required () at C2
Difference in (%)
I.M.R.F
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F
S.M.R.F
99TH
TH 9 TH
9TH
1.44
1.44 1.44
1.44 00
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
88TH
TH 8 TH
8TH
1.44
1.44 1.44
1.44 00
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
7TH 7TH
7TH 1.44 7TH 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
6TH 6TH
6TH 1.44 6TH 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
5TH 5TH
5TH 1.44 5TH 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
4TH 4TH
4TH 1.44 4TH 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
3RD 3RD
3RD 1.44 3RD 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
2ND 2ND
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12)
2ND (C12X12)
2ND
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12)
1ST (C12X12)
1ST
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12)
1ST (C12X12)
1ST
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12)
GF (C12X12)
GF
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12)
GF (C12X12)
GF
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
52
 Table 10. Comparison of As required at C3

As required () at C3
Difference in (%)
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F
9TH 9TH
1.44 1.9466 26.5489
(C12X12) (C12X12)
8THTH 8TH
TH
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
77TH
TH 7 TH
7TH
1.44
1.44 1.44
1.44 00
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
66TH
TH 6 TH
6TH
1.44
1.44 1.44
1.44 00
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
5TH 5TH
5TH 1.6992 5TH 1.8641 8.8461
(C12X12) 1.6992 (C12X12) 1.8641 8.8461
(C12X12) (C12X12)
4TH 4TH
4TH 3.7429 4TH 3.3408 12.036
(C12X12) 3.7429 (C12X12) 3.3408 12.036
(C12X12) (C12X12)
3RD 3RD
3RD 2.459 3RD 2.199 11.824
(C14X14) 2.459 (C14X14) 2.199 11.824
(C14X14) (C14X14)
2ND 2ND
2ND 5.1977 2ND 4.8612 6.922
(C14X14) 5.1977 (C14X14) 4.8612 6.922
(C14X14) (C14X14)
1ST 1ST
1ST 7.7479 1ST 7.4924 3.41
(C14X14) 7.7479 (C14X14) 7.4924 3.41
(C14X14) (C14X14)
GF GF
6.7553 10.3608 34.7994
(C16X16)
GF (C14X14)
GF
6.7553 10.3608 34.7994
(C16X16) (C14X14)
53
 Table 11. Comparison of As required at C4
As required () at C4
Difference in (%)
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F Difference in (%)
9TH I.M.R.F 9TH S.M.R.F
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
9TH 9TH
8TH 1.44 8TH 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
87TH 8 TH
7TH
TH
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.694 (C12X12) 1.44 17.639
(C12X12) (C12X12)
76THTH 7 TH
6TH
1.694
1.8738 1.44
1.44 17.639
30.125
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
65TH
TH 6
5TH
TH
1.8738
4.0365 1.44
2.6461 30.125
52.545
(C12X12) (C12X12)
54TH 4TH
5
2.56
4.0365 5.5583
2.6461 53.9428
52.545
(C16X16)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
34RD TH 34RD
TH
2.56
2.56 4.9462
5.5583 48.2431
53.9428
(C16X16)
(C16X16) (C14X14)
(C12X12)
23ND RD 23ND
RD
5.8632
2.56 7.9282
4.9462 26.0463
48.2431
(C16X16)
(C16X16) (C14X14)
(C14X14)
1ND
ST
1ND
ST
2 4.5955 2 7.0492 34.8082
(C18X18) 5.8632 (C16X16) 7.9282 26.0463
(C16X16) (C14X14)
GF GF
1ST 8.0181 1ST 10.2741 21.9581
(C18X18) 4.5955 (C16X16) 7.0492 34.8082
(C18X18) (C16X16)
GF GF
8.0181 10.2741 21.9581
(C18X18) (C16X16)
54
 Table 12. Comparison of As required at C5
As required () at C5
Difference in (%)
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F Difference in (%)
9TH I.M.R.F 9TH S.M.R.F
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
9TH 9TH
8TH 1.44 8TH 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
8TH 8TH
7TH 1.44 7TH 1.44 0
(C12X12) 1.44 (C12X12) 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
76THTH 7 TH
6TH
1.44
1.44 1.44
144 00
(C12X12)
(C12X12) (C12X12)
(C12X12)
65TH
TH 6
5TH
TH
1.44 144
1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
54TH 4TH
5
1.44 1.44 0
(C12X12) (C12X12)
34RD TH 34RD
TH
1.96
1.44 1.96
1.44 00
(C14X14)
(C12X12) (C14X14)
(C12X12)
23ND RD 23ND
RD
1.96
1.96 1.96
1.96 00
(C14X14)
(C14X14) (C14X14)
(C14X14)
1ND
ST
1ND
ST
2 1.96 2 1.96 0
(C14X14) 1.96 (C14X14) 1.96 0
(C14X14) (C14X14)
GF GF
1ST 1.96 1ST 1.96 0
(C14X14) 1.96 (C14X14) 1.96 0
(C14X14) (C14X14)
GF GF
1.96 1.96 0
(C14X14) (C14X14)
55
 Table 13. Comparison of As required at Beam B1

GF 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Type
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Beam
B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10
Size(in)

Top
Steel () 0.725 0.341 1.0455 0.655 0.725 0.625 0.8939 0.625 0.7677 0.625 0.725 0.625

Bottom
Steel () 0.725 0.2089 0.725 0.625 0.6454 0.625 0.6003 0.625 0.5877 0.6208 0.598 0.625

Total
Steel () 1.45 0.5499 1.7705 1.28 1.3704 1.25 1.4942 1.25 1.3554 1.2458 1.323 1.25

Difference
62.0758621 27.7040384 8.785756 16.3431937 8.0861738 5.5177627
in (%)

56
Continued….
6th 7th 8th 9th Roof

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10 B16X10 B14X10

0.725 0.625 0.725 0.625 0.6974 0.625 0.6505 0.625 0.6121 0.5178

0.5817 0.6109 0.5782 0.5992 0.5966 0.5915 0.5795 0.5881 0.5807 0.5022

1.3067 1.2359 1.3032 1.2242 1.294 1.2165 1.23 1.2131 1.1928 1.02

5.4182291 6.0620012 5.9891808 1.3739837 14.4869215

57
 Table 14. Comparison of As required at Beam B2

GF 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Type
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Beam
B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B18x10
Size(in)

Top
Steel () 0.2933 0.186 0.3974 0.2391 0.4619 0.2796 0.5209 0.3306 0.558 0.3737 0.5681 0.3649

Bottom
Steel () 0.2597 0.1925 0.2301 0.1266 0.2905 0.1693 0.3366 0.2021 0.3683 0.2347 0.3639 0.2005

Total
Steel () 0.553 0.3785 0.6275 0.3657 0.7524 0.4489 0.8575 0.5327 0.9263 0.6084 0.932 0.5654

Difference
31.5551537 41.7211155 40.3375864 37.877551 34.319335 39.3347639
in (%)

58
Continued….
6th 7th 8th 9th Roof

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B16X10 B16X10 B16X10 B16X10 B16X10

0.6104 0.388 0.6457 0.419 0.55 0.6072 0.725 0.6278 0.7323 0.7445

0.3544 0.2085 0.3524 0.224 0.4317 0.3361 0.3138 0.3499 0.7213 0.5965

0.9648 0.5965 0.9981 0.643 0.9817 0.9433 1.0388 0.9777 1.4536 1.341

38.1737148 35.5775974 4.6135078 5.8817867 7.7462851

59
 Table 15. Comparison of As required at Beam B3

GF 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Type
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Beam
B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B18x10
Size(in)

Top
Steel () 0.725 0.3778 1.3632 0.69 1.3041 0.6801 1.2773 0.6744 1.1588 0.6357 1.0791 0.6209

Bottom
Steel () 0.6615 0.3069 1.0613 0.7241 1.0518 0.7131 1.0472 0.7175 1.0393 0.7221 1.0562 0.744

Total
Steel () 1.3865 0.6847 2.4245 1.4141 2.3559 1.3932 2.3245 1.3919 2.1981 1.3578 2.1353 1.3649

Difference
50.6166607 41.6745721 40.8633643 40.120456 38.22847 36.0792395
in (%)

60
Continued….
6th 7th 8th 9th Roof

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B18x10 B16X10 B20x12 B16X10 B20x12 B16X10 B20x12

1.0387 0.6131 0.9225 0.6048 0.9012 0.7165 0.8743 0.7064 0.6744 0.317

1.093 0.7406 1.0991 0.7394 1.1319 0.7972 1.1287 0.798 0.725 0.6641

2.1317 1.3537 2.0216 1.3442 2.0331 1.5137 2.003 1.5044 1.3994 0.9811

36.4966928 33.5081124 25.5471939 24.892661 29.891382

61
 Table 16. Comparison of As required at Beam B4

GF 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Type
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Beam
B16X10 B14X8 B18x12 B14X8 B18x12 B14X8 B18x12 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8
Size(in)

Top
Steel () 0.725 0.2455 0.66 0.5 0.66 0.5 0.66 0.5 0.749 0.5 0.76 0.5894

Bottom
Steel () 0.725 0.1941 0.3291 0.2828 0.3502 0.2946 0.3521 0.3196 0.4882 0.3146 0.4975 0.3832

Total
Steel () 1.45 0.4396 0.9891 0.7828 1.0102 0.7946 1.0121 0.8196 1.2372 0.8146 1.2575 0.9726

Difference
69.6827586 20.8573451 21.3423085 19.0198597 34.1577756 22.6560636
in (%)

62
Continued….
6th 7th 8th 9th Roof

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B16X10 B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8 B16X10 B14X8

0.8194 0.6781 0.8625 0.7367 0.9825 0.7731 1.0967 0.5 0.9978 0.6571

0.5332 0.4394 0.563 0.4762 0.6371 0.4988 0.7107 0.5 0.6317 0.4137

1.3526 1.1175 1.4255 1.2129 1.6196 1.2719 1.8074 1 1.6295 1.0708

17.3813396 14.9140652 21.4682638 44.6719044 34.286591

63
 Table 17. Comparison of As required at Beam B5

GF 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Type
I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

Beam
B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10
Size(in)

Top
Steel () 1.7235 0.3764 1.1277 0.5248 1.1558 0.4967 1.1374 0.5824 0.9449 0.5525 0.8534 0.558

Bottom
Steel () 1.5412 0.1946 0.625 0.3807 0.625 0.3757 0.625 0.3795 0.6033 0.3861 0.5561 0.397

Total
Steel () 3.2647 0.571 1.7527 0.9055 1.7808 0.8724 1.7624 0.9619 1.5482 0.9386 1.4095 0.955

Difference
82.5098784 48.3368517 51.0107817 45.4210168 39.3747578 32.2454771
in (%)

64
Continued….
6th 7th 8th 9th Roof

I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F I.M.R.F S.M.R.F

B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10 B14X10

0.7574 0.5608 0.625 0.5596 0.5728 0.5545 0.625 0.5736 0.3802 0.2769

0.4935 0.3997 0.3727 0.4025 0.3874 0.4051 0.3828 0.4052 0.2707 0.2585

1.2509 0.9605 0.9977 0.9621 0.9602 0.9596 1.0078 0.9788 0.6509 0.5354

23.215285 3.5682069 0.062487 2.8775551 17.7446612

65
Discussion
• 
• The proposed building include ten-storey and it located in Taunggyi. And the
seismic zone is zone IV . Type of soil is very dense and soft rock .

• Take the over strength factor for IMRF is 5.5 and SMRF is 8.5. And the wind speed
is 70 mph.

• Gravity loads and load combinations are considered with ACI 318-14.Lateral loads
are considered with UBC97. Super structure is only considered. Shear wall is not
designed.

• The analysis and design of proposed building will be done by ETABS software.
66
Continued….
• In the comparison of analysis results, the building has the lateral forces
difference, 42.79% at roof top and 43.95% at ground floor.

• In the comparison of analysis results for columns, C4 has the axial force
difference 10.48% at 4TH floor. And C5 has the axial force difference 12.54% at
3RD floor.

• The column C4 has the moment difference 61.08% at 4TH floor and 42.42%
ground floor. C3 has the moment difference 44.48% at 7TH floor.

• In the comparison of analysis results for beams, B4 has the shear difference,
66.77% at ground floor. And B5 has 41.14% at ground floor.
67
Continued….
• The beam B4 has the torsion difference is 57.59% at ground floor. The beam B2
has the torsion difference is 56.9% at 3RD floor.

• The beam B5 has the moment difference is 64.8837% at 2ND floor. The beam B5
has the moment difference is 56.63% at ground floor.

• In SMRF the maximum size of column is C4 (16ʹʹ×16ʹʹ) at ground floor and the
maximum size of beam is B3 (12ʹʹ×20ʹʹ) at 8th floor.

• In IMRF the maximum size of column is C4 (18ʹʹ×18ʹʹ) at ground floor and the
maximum size of beam is B3 (10ʹʹ×16ʹʹ) at 8th floor.
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Continued….
• In SMRF the column C3 is greater in shear and moment than IMRF. The other
column in SMRF is smaller in shear and moment than IMRF.

• And also in SMRF the beam B3 has the greater in torsion, shear and moment than
IMRF. And then the other beam is has the smaller. Thus SMRF B3 size is lager
than IMRF.

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Conclusion
• All structural systems are not treated equal when response to earthquake-induced forces is
of concern. Aspects of structural configuration, symmetry, mass distribution, and vertical
regularity must be considered.

• The importance of strength, stiffness, and ductility in relation to acceptable response must
also be appreciated.

• While considering the lateral force resisting systems we come up with so many options to
have structural systems like Bearing wall systems, Moment Resisting frames, Lateral
Bracing systems, designing the moment resisting concrete frame structures we have
option to use IMRF, OMRF or SMRF.
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Continued….
• The study gives a comparison of IMRF and SMRF structure system under seismic load .
IMRF gives more dead loads than SMRF. So that the IMRF columns, beams is a little big
than SMRF system.

• In both system of analysis results of IMRF and SMRF . The lateral loads applied on IMRF
is more than SMRF. SMRF has less story drift than IMRF. So SMRF can resist the seismic
loads more than IMRF.

• The min steel area and spacing of the lateral ties at beam, column is different from IMRF
and SMRF. So that the lateral loads resistance is different.

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Continued….
• The basic step in conceptual design is to find the best suitable framing system and than

lateral load resisting mechanism, while designing structures the engineers face problem

about the decision of Response Modification Factor R which is a measure of ductility and

over strength of the structures.

• It is used to find the base shear which is distributed on different stories. SMRF and IMRF

being emphasized in the research and a detailed computer simulation of the different RCC

structures with the different R values i.e., 5.5 and 8.5 given in UBC-1997 are used.

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Continued….

• Structures with different heights of stories, Plans and No. of stories are modeled in
software to analyze the structure. The conclusions are drawn from the research for
the approximation of the most suitable R values and to check the reliability of the
values given in UBC.

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Recommendation

• Comparison of cost of ten-storey R.C building with special and intermediate

moment resistant frame should be carried out.

• Comparison of analysis and design of foundation results should be done.

• Comparison of analysis and design for shear wall should be design carried out.
 References
1. Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures 2nd edition ( S.K DUGGAL)
2. Design of Concrete Structures 14th Edition
3. Refresher Course and Field Reference Manual ( U Nyi Hla Nge)

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Thank
You

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