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Infra Red Level Detector: Under The Guidance of Prof. S. B.Gholap

The document describes the design and working of an infrared level detector circuit. The circuit uses an infrared LED to emit pulses of infrared light and a photodiode to detect the reflected light. The detected signal is amplified and used to determine the distance to the target, which can be used to measure liquid levels in a tank. When the level exceeds a threshold set by a trimmer potentiometer, a comparator switches on an LED indicator and optionally a relay. The circuit operates by pulsing the infrared LED at 120Hz and detecting the reflected pulses with high noise immunity using infrared-sensitive components.

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Shital Pokharkar
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43 views12 pages

Infra Red Level Detector: Under The Guidance of Prof. S. B.Gholap

The document describes the design and working of an infrared level detector circuit. The circuit uses an infrared LED to emit pulses of infrared light and a photodiode to detect the reflected light. The detected signal is amplified and used to determine the distance to the target, which can be used to measure liquid levels in a tank. When the level exceeds a threshold set by a trimmer potentiometer, a comparator switches on an LED indicator and optionally a relay. The circuit operates by pulsing the infrared LED at 120Hz and detecting the reflected pulses with high noise immunity using infrared-sensitive components.

Uploaded by

Shital Pokharkar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INFRA RED LEVEL


DETECTOR:
Submitted
By
1.SUSHMA AMBEKAR. (T 8423005)
2. SWAPNA BHAPKAR. (T 8423018)
3. SHASHANK SHEKHAR. (T 8423113)
 
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. S. B.GHOLAP.
PROBLEM DEFINITION:

To develop a useful in liquids level or proximity detection.


It operates detecting the distance from the target by reflection of an
infra-red beam. It can safely detect the level of a liquid in a tank without
any contact with the liquid itself. The device's range can be set from a
couple of cm. to about 50 cm. by means of a trimmer. Range can vary,
depending on infra-red transmitting and receiving LEDs used and is
mostly affected by the color of the reflecting surface. Black surfaces
lower greatly the device's sensitivity.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
COMPONENTS LIST:

R1_____________10K 1/4W Resistor


R2,R5,R6,R9_____1K 1/4W Resistors
R3_____________33R 1/4W Resistor
R4,R8___________1M 1/4W Resistors
R7_____________10K Trimmer Cermet
R10____________22K 1/4W Resistor
C1,C4___________1micro F 63V Electrolytic or
Polyester Capacitors
C2_____________47pF 63V Ceramic Capacitor
C3,C5,C6______100microf 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
D1_____________Infra-red LED
D2_____________Infra-red Photo Diode (see Notes)
D3,D4________1N4148 75V 150mA Diode
D5______________LED (Any color and size)
D6,D7________1N4002 100V 1A Diodes
Q1____________BC327 45V 800mA PNP Transistor
IC1_____________555 Timer IC
IC2___________LM358 Low Power Dual Op-amp
IC3____________7812 12V 1A Positive voltage regulator IC
RL1____________Relay with SPDT 2A @ 220V switch
Coil Voltage 12V. Coil resistance 200-300 Ohm
J1_____________Two ways output socket
WORKING

 IC1 forms an oscillator driving the infra-red LED by means of 0.8mSec. pulses at
120Hz frequency and about 300mA peak current.
 D1 & D2 are placed facing the target on the same line, a couple of centimeters
apart, on a short breadboard strip.
 D2 picks-up the infra-red beam generated by D1 and reflected by the surface
placed in front of it. The signal is amplified by IC2A and peak detected by D4 &
C4.
 Diode D3, with R5 & R6, compensates for the forward diode drop of D4.
 A DC voltage proportional to the distance of the reflecting object and D1 & D2
feeds the inverting input of the voltage comparator IC2B.
 This comparator switches on and off the LED and the optional relay via Q1,
comparing its input voltage to the reference voltage at its non-inverting input set
by the Trimmer R7.
SELECTION CRITERIA

SELECTION OF IC 555:
 Low turn-off time
 Maximum operating frequency greater than 500KHZ

 Timing from microseconds to hours


 Operates in both astable and monostable modes

 Output can source or sink up to 200 mA


 Adjustable duty cycle
 TTL compatible
 Temperature stability of 0.005% per °C 
SELECTION OF 1N4148:
 Small signal diode.
 Maximum Repetitive Reverse Voltage 100v
 Average Rectified Forward Current 200mA.
SELECTION OF 1N4002:

 Low forward voltage drop.


 High surge current capability.
 Power supply must be regulated (hence the use of IC3) for precise
reference voltage. The circuit can be fed by a commercial wall plug-in
adapter, having a DC output voltage in the range 12-24V.
 Current drawing: LED off 40mA; LED and Relay on 70mA @ 12V DC
supply.
 R10, C6, Q1, D6, D7, RL1 and J1 can be omitted if relay operation is not
required.
 The infra-red Photo Diode D2, should be of the type incorporating an
optical sunlight filter: these components appear in black plastic cases.
Some of them resemble TO92 transistors: in this case, please note that the
sensitive surface is the curved, not the flat one.
 Avoid sun or artificial light hitting directly D1 & D2.
 Usually D1-D2 optimum distance lies in the range 1.5-3 cm.
SUMMARY AND FUTURE SCOPE
 

 
 
 Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer
than that of visible light, starting from the nominal edge of visible red light
at 0.7 micrometres, and extending conventionally to 300 micrometres.
These wavelengths correspond to a frequency range of approximately 430
to 1 THz and include most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near
room temperature. Microscopically, IR light is typically emitted or absorbed
by molecules when they change their rotational-vibrational movements.
 Sunlight at zenith provides an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square
meter at sea level. Of this energy, 527 watts is infrared radiation, 445 watts
is visible light, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation.
  
IR Advantages:
1)Low power requirements: therefore ideal for laptops, telephones,
personal digital assistants
2)Low circuitry costs: $2-$5 for the entire coding/decoding circuitry
3)Simple circuitry: no special or proprietary hardware is required, can be
incorporated into the integrated circuit of a product
4)Higher security: directionality of the beam helps ensure that data isn't
leaked or spilled to nearby devices as it's transmitted
5)Few international regulatory constraints: IrDA (Infrared Data
Association) functional devices will ideally be usable by international
travelers, no matter where they may be
High noise immunity: not as likely to have interference from signals from
other devices

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