INTRODUCTION TO ICT

2
Module 1 – Computer system servicing

By: Kimberly Puguon

Computer hardware- an electronic that manipulates
information, or data. It can store, retrieve and proces
data.
1. Hardware-any part of computer that has a physical
structures,such as the computer monitor or
keyboard.
2. Software-any set of instruction that tells the
hardware what to do. It guides the hardware and
tells it how to accomplish each task.
Different types of computer
• Dekstop computers-designed for use at a desk or table. They
are typically larger and more powerful that other types
computer.
• Laptop-battery or Ac- powered personal computers,that are
portable that dekstop, computers, allowing you to use them
almost anywhere
• Server- a computer that serves up information to other
computers,it plays an important role in making the internet
work.
• Other types of computers: Tablet computers, mobile
phones, game consoles and smart TV.
 2 main style of computer
1. PC – This is the most common type of personal computer
and it typically includes the microsoft windows operating
systetem.
2. MAC –The firat widely sold personal computer with a
graphical user interface. They are made by apple inc.
 Basic parts of computers
• Sytem unit- the core of the computer • Monitor – a
system or the main type of computer, peripheral device
sometimes called the chassis. with a screen for the
• Mouse- 4 computer pointing device used to visual display of
select and point in a computer screen.
Miuseball and touchpads are examples of information
kind of mouse
• Keyboard- the first input device • The Modem- a device that sends and
developed for pc. Data is recieves computer information over a
transferred to the PC ovee a short telephone line or high-speed cable.
cable with a circular 6-pin mini-
din connector that plugs into the • The printer- a device that prints text or
back of motherboard . illustrations on paper.
• Speaker- used to play sounds. Inkjet, laser,all-in-on (AIO) and photo
Allows us to listen to music and printers are kins of printers.
hear sound effects from the
computer.
 The Internal Hardware
• Motherboard- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all
the circuits and components that runs the computer.

• CPU (central processing unit)- the processor is the main “brain”

or”heart” of a computer system. It perform all the instructions that
are needed and manages the flow of information through a
computer.
• RAM( Random Acces Memory) – Ram is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on. When the power is off, ram contents
are loss.
Hard disk- hard drives constantly move to new technologies
to pack more informations into sucessively smaller
spaces.These desscribe the storage technology built into the
drives found today and yesterday.
• Power Supply Unit- Installed in the back cirner of PC case,
next to the motherboars. It cinverts 120 vac (standard
house power) into DC voltages that are used by other
components in PC
• GraphicCards( also called a video adapter, display card,
graphic card, graphic board, display adaptee or graphics
adapter)
- an expansion card which generates a feed of
output images to a display.
 Power supply Unit
Hard disk

Graphic cards
Common types of graphing card
• Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) – 1992, This type of slot is not use
for graphics card however, it is used for several add on cards such as, audio
card and LAN card, and other type of PCI cards.
• Accelerated graphics port(AGP)- 1997, introduces a dedicated point to point
channel that allows the graphic controller direct acces to the system
memory.
• Peripheral components interconnect Express (PCI-E)- originally known as 3rd
generation, a high speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed
to replace the olde PCI, PCI-x, and AGP bus standard.
Common Graphic Card Terms
• Fill rate-GPU speed in drawing pixels depending on the number of
raster operation pipeline units of the graphic cards.
• Graphic address remapping table (Gart)- a capability of reading
texture directly from the memory without the need to copy them to
video memory.
• Pixel pipeline- pixels pass through GPU unit called pipeline with
crunch complex vertex and pixel shader programs for lightning and
effects.
• Pixel shader- also called as pixee processor and unified shaclers-
usually used for realism gamming.
• SLI (scable link interface) and ATI ( crossfire)- new technologies that
allows two or more graphics card installation for certain intense
graphic application.
• Direct X- software that programers use to create
advance visual tricks with video circuitry.
• Driver- a piece of software that lets windows talk to
your hardware in this case, your video card. Without
the right driver, your card wont work properly.
• Port-a computer buzzword for connectors, this is one
of connectors on your pc where you plug in cables.
The plug on the end of the monitors cable must match
your PC’s video port.
Computer Assembly
and Disassembly
Installing motherboardcomponent
Before proceeding
• Unplug the wall socket power cord before touching any
components
• Use a grounded wrist strap or touch a safely grounded objects or
metal objects such as a power supply case, before handling
components to avoid damage due to static electricity.
• Hold edge components to avoid touching the IC on them.
• Place it on a grounded antistatic pad or in the bag that came with
the component whenever you uninstall any component.
• Make sure that ATX Power supply is switched off before installing
or removing any components .
• During installing
-ensure that you place it into the chassis in the correct
orientation. The edge with eternal port goes to the
rear part of chassis. Do not tighten the screw.
 Installing CPU
• Safety procedure
- Unplug all power cables before installing CPU
- Upon purchase of the motherboard, ensure
the PNP cap is on the socket and the socket
contacts are not bent. Contact your retailer
emediately if the PNP cap is missing or if you
see damage to the PNP socket components.
- The product warrantly does not cover
damage to the socket contacts resulting from
the incorrect CPU installation or
misplacement of pnp cap.
Installing DIMM
-Locate a free memory slot and pivot the ejector arms
on each side of socket as far as possible toward the
horizontal . The contact edge of DIMM module is keyed
with notches that correspond to protuberances in
DIMM socket. Align the notches and slide the DIMM
straight down into the socket.
 IO connectors
• An electrical connector that
provides secure electrical
contact and smooth cable
insertion/extraction for high
speed data transmission.
Applications include computers,
business equipment, and
communications devices such as
telephones, servers, switches,
media convertors, routers and
storages.
 Internal connectors
3. CPU and chassis fan
1. Front panel audio connectors(4-pin CPU-FAN, 4-pin
connectors(10-1 pin AAFP)- CHA-FAN)-connect the fan cables
for chasis-mounted front to the fan connectors on the
panel audio 1/0 module motherboard ensuring that the
that supports eithee HD black wire of each cables matches
audio or legacy Ac 97 audio the ground pin of the connector.
standard.
4. USB 2.0 connectors- these usb
2. Digital audio connector(4-1 comply with the usb 2.0
pin SPDIF-OUT- for specifications and supports up yo
additional sony/philips 480 Mbps connection speed.
digital interface port.
5.Speaker connector( 4-pin speaker)
-for chassis mounted system warning speaker that allows you to hear
system beeps and warnings.
6. Serial ATA 6.0 Gb/s connectors
- Connects to serial ata 6.0 Gb/s hard disk drive via seria ATA Gb/s
cables.
7. System pannel connector- This supports several chassis mounted
function.
8. Serial port connector(10-1pin com) – connect serial porr module cable
to this connector, then install the module to a slot opening at the back of
the system
9. USB 3.0 connector (20- 1 pin USB 3 – E 12
- Allows you to Connect a usb 3.0 module for additional usb 3.0 front
or rear panel pords.
Installing Hard disk
1. Fit the hard disk ito a bay.
3. Plug in the sata cable

2. Plug in the sata power

cable.
4. Plug the sata data cable into
motherboard
 Installing the Nic
1. Assemble your materials
2. Shutdown windows,turn off the computer and unplug it
3. Remove the cover from your computer.
4. Find unused expansiin slot inside the computer.
5. Remove the metal slot protectors from the back of
computers.
6. Insert the netwirk interface card.
7. Secure the network interface card.
8. Put the computers case back together
9. Plug in the computer and turn it back on.
Power supply installation
• Mount the PSU, secure it, ATX power, ATX 120 power
PCI express power, Molex and sata, adaptors, and
tidy up.
Setting up computers
• Setting up a laptop computers
-if you have a laptop, set up should be very aesy: just open
it up and press the power button. If the battery isnt
charged. You’ll need to plug in Ac adaptors.
• Setting up a dekstop computer
1. Unpack the monitor and computer case from
the box.
2. Locate the monitor cable.
3. Connect the monitor cable to vga port.
4. Plugging the keyboard into a usb port.
5. Plugging the mouse into usb port.
6. Plugging the speaker into the audio part.
7. Plugging the power cable into a surge
protector.
8. Plugging the surge protector into a wall
outlet.
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Input devices output device
-any peripheralused to -any peripheral that recieves
provide data an control data from a computer,
signals to an information usually for display
processing system . projection or physical
reproduction
Storage device- a hardware device capable of
holding information.
Primary storage- the main area in a computer in
which data is stored for quick access by the
computers processors.
Secondary storage- a storage medium that holds
information till it is detected or over written.
Solid state disk (SSD) – a storage medium that uses
non- volatile memory as means of holding and
accesing data.
HDD- a non volatile memory hardware that
permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer
• Flash drive – reffered to as pen drives, thumb drives or jump
drives.
• Optical disk- any computer disk that uses optical storage
techniques and technology to read and write data.
• External drive- a device that you plug into a computer port
• Flash memory card- an electronic data storage device used
for storing digital informations.
• Cloud storage- a model of computer data storage in which
the digital data is stored in logical pools, said to be on “the
cloud”.

• Network- attached storage(NAS) – A file-level computer

storage server connected to a computer network providing
data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.
 R S
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• BIOS
- A computer basic input/output system and
complementary matal-oxide semi conductor together
handle a rudimentary and essential process : they set
up computer and boot the operating system. The BIOS
primary function is to handle the system setup
process including driver loading and operating system
booting.
• Operating system
- A collection of software that manages computer
hardware and provides services for programs. It hides
hardware complexity, manages computational
resources and provides isolation and protection .

- The 3 most common operating system for personal

computers are: microsoft windows, apple mac OSX,
and linux.
• Driver/device deiver
- A software program that enables a specific hardware
device to work with a computers operating system.
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Application software
• A progran or groups Of programs designsd for end user.

• 3 types of application software

a. Dekstop app – application that run in personal computer and
laptops.
b. Web app- google docs, facebook, online email services.
c. Mobile app- design to run on smartphones, tablet and other
mobile devices. Ex: snapchat, messanger,instagram.
Fundamental of networking
• A computer network is a group of computer system and
other computing hardware devices that are linked together
through communication channels to facilitate
communications and resource sharing among a wide range
of users. Networks may be classified according to a wide
variety of characteristic such as medium used to transport
data, communications protocol used, scale, topology,
organization scope, etc.
Various network scales and examples
• Local area network-small network constrained to a
small geographic area.
• Personal area network-used for communication aming
computer devices in proximity to an individual body.
• Metropolitan network- a hybrid between a LAN and
WAN.
• Wide area network- it covers a broad area.
• Storage area network- provides access to
consolidated,block level storage.
 • The internet- global system of
interconnected computer networks that use
the standard internet protocol suite to serve
billions of users worldwide.
• Virtual private networks- a private network
that is constructed within a public network
infrastructure such as the global internet.
• Network media- the actual • Twisted pair- a type of
path over which an electrical cabling that is used for
signal travels as it moves from telephone communications
one component to another. and most modern ethernet
networks
• Unshielded twisted pair – • Shielded twisted pair-it is a
a medium that is cable combines the
composed of pairs of techniques of shielding,
wires.used in variety of cancellations, and wire
networks. twisting. Each pair of wire is
wrapped in a metallic foil.
• Coaxial cable- used in the • Fiber optic cable- contains
transmission of video and optical fiber coated in plastic
audio. Also used in network that are used to send data by
and what allow a broadband pulses of light.
cable internet connection using
cable moden
 Networking devices
• Hubs- the most basic • Switch- a networking device
networking device that that connects devices on a
connects multiple computers or computer network by using
other network devices together. packet switching to receive and
forward data to the destination
device.
• Bridge- creates a single aggregate networking from multiple
communication network segments.
• Router- a networking device that forwards data packets between
computer networks.
• Wireless access point- provide wireless access to a wired ethernet
network.

Router wireless access point

• Patch panel- allows multiple devices to be connected and manage in a more
efficient manner.
• Modular box- a surface mounted box used in a commercial and industrial
building to clearly attach network cables.
• Repeater-used in transmission system to regenerate analog or digital signals
distorted by transmissions loss.
• RJ45- short for registered jack-45, is on 8-pin connection used for ethernet
network adapters.
 Networking tools • Punch down tool- (krone
tool)- a hand tool used to
• Network cable tester-a connect telecommunication
device that is used to test the and netwoek wires to a patch
strength and connectivity of a panel, punch down block,
particular type of cable keystone module, or surface
mount box.
• Crimping tool- a device • Wire stripper- a tool
used to conjoin two pieces designed to remove the
of metal by deforming one protective covering off of a
or both of them in a way acable to expose the inner
that causes them to hold wires.
each other.
• Ethernet cable configuration- provides a proper
crimp. Also important, is not unwinding the wires
more than necessary.
• Cross over configuration- Enable users to connect
similar devices as , dekstop to another dekstop.
• Straight through configuration- enable users to connect two
similar devices such as, dekstop to switch.
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