The bar chart compares how consumers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan

allocated different shares of total spending to categories such as food, housing, and transportation in 2009.
(d)

Overall, it is clear that maximum proportion of budget was allocated on housing by all the given four
nations . While least money was spent on health care by these countries except USA in which clothing area
got least preference. (c)

To begin with, the United States had the highest housing expenditure share, 26% of total expenditures in
2009. The United Kingdom and Japan followed, with 24% and 22%, respectively. Canada had the lowest
housing share at 21%. Housing was the largest expenditure component in all countries except Japan . By
contrast, Canada had the largest transportation share of all four countries at 20%. The United States and the
United Kingdom had the next-highest transportation shares, 17% and 15%, respectively. Japan had the
lowest, at 10%. (a)

Further analyzing the graph, in Japan, consumers spent 23% of their total expenditures on food in 2009. The
United Kingdom had the second-highest share at 20%. Canada, with 15%, and the United States, with 14%
had the lowest food expenditure shares among the countries studied . The least figures were seen in case of
health care where Canada and Japan spent equal proportion of their money (4%) each and mere 1% was
allocated by United Kingdom which was minimum among all given countries. (b)
The bar chart compares how consumers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan
allocated different shares of total spending to categories such as food, housing, and transportation in 2009.

Overall, it is clear that maximum proportion of budget was allocated on housing by all the given four nations .
While least money was spent on health care by these countries except USA in which clothing area got least
preference.

To begin with, the United States had the highest housing expenditure share, 26% of total expenditures in
2009. The United Kingdom and Japan followed, with 24% and 22%, respectively. Canada had the lowest
housing share at 21%. Housing was the largest expenditure component in all countries except Japan . By
contrast, Canada had the largest transportation share of all four countries at 20%. The United States and the
United Kingdom had the next-highest transportation shares, 17% and 15%, respectively. Japan had the
lowest, at 10%.

Further analyzing the graph, in Japan, consumers spent 23% of their total expenditures on food in 2009. The
United Kingdom had the second-highest share at 20%. Canada, with 15%, and the United States, with 14%
had the lowest food expenditureshares among the countries studied . The least figures were seen in case of
health care where Canada and Japan spent equal proportion of their money (4%) each and mere 1% was
allocated by United Kingdom which was minimum among all given countries.
The charts below show the number of visitors arriving in a particular country for a short trip,
and the number of residents leaving that country for a short trip, from 2009 to 2011.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 7 50 words.
The charts below show the number of visitors arriving in a particular country for a short trip,
and the number of residents leaving that country for a short trip, from 2009 to 2011.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 7 50 words.
• Task achievement
• Coherence and cohesion
• Lexical resource
• Grammatical range and accuracy.
The bar chart below gives information about the percentage of the population living in urban areas in the world
and in different continents. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
The column graph gives data on the growth of urban population in different continents of the world for 1950,
2007 and also the projection for the year 2030.

Overall, the percentage of people who lived in urban areas increased from 1950 to 2007. Also, it is forecasted
that more people are likely to live in cities in the future.

To begin with, the percentage of the population in urban areas increased significantly in 2007 as compared to
1950. In 1950, on an average 29% people of the world lived in the urbanized regions. In this year, the highest
percentage of the population was 64%, witnessed in North America. In Africa and Asia, these percentages were
lowest, recorded to be 15% and 17% respectively. Just above half of the total Europeans settled in urban areas
in the year 1950, while this percentage was 42% in Latin America. After 57 years in 2007, the percentage of
urban population reached to 49% in the world. North America again had the highest share of inhabitants who
lived in urban regions. In this year the lowest percentage was noticed in Africa (37%) while in other continents,
the percentages of the city dwellers was around 40 to 75.

Further analyzing the graph, it is projected that six out of ten persons in the world are likely to live in urban
areas in 2030. This percentage is anticipated to be more than 80 in both of the American continents while
almost the same ratio which was noted in 2007 is expected to prevail as far as Europe is concerned. Turning
to Asia and Africa, it is forecasted that little more than half of their population would live in urban areas in
Colombian takeout/takeaway
Colombian takeout
Colombian takeout
"Rich in" and "High in"
Takeout/takeaway food
• low
• of
• Fatty
• full
• salty
• in
Your friend Moreno has
an unhealthy diet, but
has decided to stop
eating junk food., tell
him why his favorite
foods are unhealthy.
Education
Unit/1/modules/3/activities/19

Write a report for a university teacher describing the

information shown.

You should write at least 150 words.

The graph below shows the education levels of the
socio-economic classes.

Overall, the percentage of people who lived in urban areas increased from 1950 to 2007. Also, it is forecasted
that more people are likely to live in cities in the future.
 Unit/1/modules/3/activities/19

Write a report for a university teacher describing the

information shown.

You should write at least 150 words.

The graph below shows the education levels of the
socio-economic classes.
To be Used to/would

Would prefer Nowadays

To be
Would play

To be
Would have When I was a kind, I used to play soccer.
When I was a kind, I would play soccer.
80 Student

20 Teacher

What would do if you could change anything?

If you were a teacher…
If you had taught…What would have done?
 Part 1 Idiom
Language

Are you studying English at a school?

Would you say you are a good student?

When you were younger did you enjoy your time at school?
 Part 1 Self-learning
High education

What can be done to improve education in rural areas?

What, if you are a lecturer what changes have you seen in

education over the past few years?

If you had the power, what reforms would you carry out
within education?
 Part 2

Describe a time during your education that you

really enjoyed. You should say:

• when this period was

• where you were
• what you were studying at the time
 Part 2
Describe a teacher who has greatly influenced you in your
education. You should say:

• where you met them

• what subject they taught
• what was special about them
• and explain why this person influenced you so much.
 Part 3

1. What qualities do you think a good teacher has?

2. What are the advantages of studying on a distance learning course?
3. Do all children get equal opportunities in education?
 Part 3

1. What qualities do you think a good teacher has?

2. What are the advantages of studying on a distance learning course?
3. Do all children get equal opportunities in education?
 Part 3

1. What qualities do you think a good teacher has?

2. What are the advantages of studying on a distance learning course?
3. Do all children get equal opportunities in education?
Past--- would+vrb.
 The good old days

Used to
Would
The Animatrix - The Second Renaissance Part I
2003
Village Roadshow Pictures
I, Robot
2004
Fox
The good old days
I, Robot
2004
Fox
Technology in the past?
Technology in the prehistory?
How would you explain it to them?
How would you explain it to them?
1. Work
2. Transportation
3. Education
4. Health
Things will be different!
Things will be different!
Alan Wilson Watts (6 January 1915 – 16
November 1973) was an English writer,
theologian, and speaker known for
interpreting and popularising Buddhism, 
Taoism, and Hinduism for a Western
audience. Born in Chislehurst, England, he
moved to the United States in 1938 and
began Zen training in New York. He received
a master's degree in theology
Describe a piece of technology you like Describe a time when you had a problem with
using except computers a piece of equipment

You should say: You should say:

• What is this technology. • What equipment it was
• How did you learn about it. • What problem you had
• How often do you use it. • When you had this problem and explain what
• What difference it brings to your life. you did about this problem.

Describe a piece of technology (not

computer—related) you like to use

You should say:

• What the technology is
• When it was invented
• What it is used for
• How you feel about it
Describe a piece of technology you like Describe a time when you had a problem with
using except computers a piece of equipment

You should say: You should say:

• What is this technology. • What equipment it was
• How did you learn about it. • What problem you had
• How often do you use it. • When you had this problem and explain what
• What difference it brings to your life. you did about this problem.

Describe a piece of technology (not

computer—related) you like to use

You should say:

• What the technology is
• When it was invented
• What it is used for
• How you feel about it
Describe a piece of technology you like using
except computers

You should say:

• What is this technology.
• How did you learn about it.
• How often do you use it.
• What difference it brings to your life.
1. Do you like to use new technology?
2. Does technology deeply affect people's life?
3. Is there any difference between technology in cities and in small towns?
4. Do you agree that men are more obsessed with new technology than women?
5. Do you think that technology always has positive effects?
1. Fast-food companies should not be allowed to give away free toys with their food. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinion
Opinion
2. Some people think that boys and girls should be educated in the same schools. Others, however,
believe that girls achieve better results when educated in single-sex schools. Discuss both these views
and give your opinion.

3. Working from home has become more common with technological advances; however, it has
many challenges associated with it. What are some of the challenges that someone working
from home may face? What are some of the influences on society of more people working from Argument
Argument
home? What is your opinion?

4. Many governments spend millions of dollars in space exploration and research, as they feel it is an
important investment; however, many citizens feel that it is a waste of money. Discuss both these
opinions and include your own.

5. Governments alone cannot be expected to solve environmental problems. It is also the Problem-
Problem-
responsibility of businesses and individuals to help. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
solving
solving
6. Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many cities today. What are some of the causes
of traffic congestion and what measures can be taken to help reduce it?
 5. Governments alone cannot be expected to solve environmental problems. It is also the Opinion
Opinion
responsibility of businesses and individuals to help. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Some people think that boys and girls should be educated in the same schools. Others, however,
believe that girls achieve better results when educated in single-sex schools. Discuss both these views Argument
Argument
and give your opinion.

3. Working from home has become more common with technological advances; however, it has
many challenges associated with it. What are some of the challenges that someone working
from home may face? What are some of the influences on society of more people working from
Problem-
Problem-
home? What is your opinion? solving
solving
1. Fast-food companies should not be allowed to give away
free toys with their food. To what extent do you agree or Opinion
Opinion
disagree?

4. Many governments spend millions of dollars in space

exploration and research, as they feel it is an important
Argument
Argument
investment; however, many citizens feel that it is a waste of
money. Discuss both these opinions and include your own.

6. Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many cities

today. What are some of the causes of traffic congestion Problem-solving
Problem-solving
and what measures can be taken to help reduce it?
 Opinion
Opinion
This task generally gives an opinion on a topic, usually a problem
or issue in society, and then asks for your opinion.

Argument
Argument
This question type gives two sides of an argument or two differing
opinions on an issue, and then asks you to discuss and give your
opinion.

Problem-solving
Problem-solving
Generally, in this task type you are given a problem, again often
based on issues in society, and you are usually asked one or two
questions regarding the problem or issue, such as why it occurs or
what causes it, and what can be done to solve it.
Introduction Paraphrase the topic and briefly give your opinion.

Develop your point, giving reasons and supporting

them with appropriate examples. Write at least 2 and
Body(2 parts)
no more than 5 paragraphs.

Sum up what you have written and give your final

thoughts on the problem. They should not differ from
Conclusion
those in the introduction.
 https://docs.google.com/document/d/10OULwc9Ef9Vwvl1k7oe
jGDCDaoESliTrkaGcgdwC5Ag/edit

Money offered for postgraduate research is limited; as a

consequence, some people argue that financial support
from the government should only be provided for
scientific research rather than research for less useful
subjects. Do you agree or disagree?

Paraphrase the topic and briefly give your opinion.

Develop your point, giving reasons and supporting them with appropriate
examples. Write at least 2 and no more than 5 paragraphs.
Introduction Paraphrase the topic and briefly give your opinion.

Develop your point, giving reasons and supporting

them with appropriate examples. Write at least 2 and
Body(2 parts)
no more than 5 paragraphs.

Sum up what you have written and give your final

thoughts on the problem. They should not differ from
Conclusion
those in the introduction.

1. Introduction
2. Support paragraph 1
3. Support paragraph 2
4. Conclusion
 She suddenly appeared out of nowhere. ,
 The storm came suddenly.

 Suddenly, the rain started pouring from the sleepy night sky.
What you like or what you have
A charming
Colombian
family
 ?

is there
t he
perfect
family?
1. Who do you live with
2. Do you spend much time with your family?
3. Is your family small or quite large?
4. What do you do when you are all together?
5. Do you have a large or small family?
6. What sort of things do you do with your family members?
7. Do you get on well with your family? Why?
Describe a happy family event that you remember well

You should say:

• what the event was
• when and where it happened
• What you saw or did and explain why you remember this
event so well.

Describe someone in your family who you like.

You should say:

• How this person is related to you
• What this person looks like
• What kind pf person he/she is
• and why you like this person.
p.64
 “To be like fire and wood.”
“We are like a house on fire.”
“To be through the thick and thin”

Who is a friend?
What is a friend like?
1. stay out late at a big party
2. stay at home and watch TV
A fair-weather friend.
3. help someone with a personal problem
4. invite a friend to a funny movie
p.64
p.64
 1. Andrea b a. has two daughters.
2. Andrea's husband b. doesn't know her in-laws very
well.
3. Andrea's sister-in-law c. has three brothers.
4. Paul's sister d. is looking forward to seeing the
family.
5. Paul e. will be cooking for 12 people.
6. Paul's mother f. is a law student.

p.64
Describe a family event you are looking forward to.
You should say:
• What the event is
• Where it will be held
• What you will do at this event
• and explain why you are looking forward to this family
event.
Describe someone in your family who you like.
You should say:
• How this person is related to you
• What this person looks like
• What kind pf person he/she is
• and why you like this person.
p.64
 You have a test in your English class next week , but you cannot attend.
TASK 1 Write to your teacher. In your letter:

• Explain your situation.

• Apologize for not being able to take the test.
• Ask whether it is possible for you to take the test at another time.

Dear Mrs. Smith,

I am writing to ask you for a favor. I know that we have a test on Monday next week to
review units 1-5 in our textbook . However, I have a meeting with the Immigration
Department at 1 Dam on that day and so I cannot attend.
I am terribly sorry about being absent, but unfortunately the appointment was made
many months in advance and it is impossible for me to reschedule. If I miss it, my visa will
be cancelled and I will be forced to leave the country. I am sure you can understand,
therefore, what a crucial meeting this is for me.
Is it possible for me to take the test at another time? I would be happy to stay
behind one afternoon for as long as necessary to complete the exam. I apologize once
again and hope I am not causing you too much inconvenience.
Best regards,
Samantha Student
TASK 1

You were watching television and saw a program being shown early in
the morning that contained a Lot of violence. You believe the program is
unsuitable for that time of day.
Write a Letter to the manager of the television station. In your Letter:

• Give your reason for writing.

• Explain what you think the problem is with the program.
• Say what you would like the station manager to do.

Write at least 150 words. You do not need to write any addresses. Begin
your Letter with:
Dear Sir or Madam,
TASK 1

Paragraph 1 : give your purpose for writing

Paragraph 2: explain the problem with the program

Paragraph 3: say what you would like the station manager to do

 Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about a program that I happened to see on your network a few days ago. I am not
sure of the name, but it was being shown at 7am on a Saturday morning, and I believe it was extremely
unsuitable for this time.
There was a great deal of violence in the program, which seemed to revolve around a war of some kind.
The characters, many of whom looked quite young, fought using weapons such as swords and knives.
Moreover, the violence was quite realistic and there was a great deal of blood. I was horrified that such
material would be shown at a time when young children usually watch.
I would like to see this program removed from the schedule altogether or moved to a later time-slot. I
am sure you must have received other complaints from concerned parents, and I hope that you will take
action soon about this disturbing issue.
I look forward to your response,
Yours faithfully,
TASK 1 Wendy Watcher
 To complain
COMMON TYPES
 To invite
OF
 To request apology
LETTERS
 To give information
 To thank
 To ask for information
1. You're too busy to attend your aunt's birthday.

2. You want to borrow your friend's car.  To complain

3. You borrowed your friend's car and had an accident.  To invite
4. You're trying to find out the opening hours of your local library.  To request apology
5. Your English teacher helped you to get a good score in your IELTS exam.
 To give information
6.You've received a present from a family member.
 To thank
7. Your neighbor always plays his music too loudly.
 To ask for information
8. You went to a restaurant where the food was terrible.

9. You’re telling your friend that a mutual acquaintance is getting married.

10. You're having a party and you want your classmate to come.
 1 COMPLAINT: I wish to make a complaint about ...
 2 REQUEST: Would it be possible for me to ... ?
FIXED PHRASES
 3 APOLOGY: I am so sorry about ...
 4 COMPLAINT: If you don't solve this problem, I will be forced to ...
 5 REQUEST: Is there any chance you could ... ?
 6 GIVING INFORMATION: Please feel free to contact me for further information.
 7 APOLOGY: I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
 8 COMPLAINT: I am very unhappy with ...
 9 COMPLAINT: Please give this matter your immediate attention… I hope that you will take action soon
 10 ASKING FOR INFORMATION: I am writing to enquire about ...
 11 GIVING INFORMATION: I hope you will find this helpful.
 FIXED PHRASES
LAINT: I wish to make a complaint about ...
EST: Would it be possible for me to ... ?
OGY: I am so sorry about ...
LAINT: If you don't solve this problem, I will be forced to ...
EST: Is there any chance you could ... ?  To complain
G INFORMATION: Please feel free to contact me for further information.
 To invite
OGY: I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
LAINT: I am very unhappy with ...  To request a
LAINT: Please give this matter your immediate attention… I hope that you will take action soon
 To give infor
NG FOR INFORMATION: I am writing to enquire about ...
NG INFORMATION: I hope you will find this helpful.
 To thank
 To ask for inf
 FORMAL OR
INFORMAL
1. come up A Learn; collect someone in a vehicle
2. work out B start doing
3. take up C solve
4. turn out D happen unexpectedly
5. give up E postpone
6. sort out F continue
7. pick up G stop doing
8. come along H exercise; find the answer to something
9. keep on I happen in the end
10. put off J accompany; progress
 FORMAL OR
INFORMAL
1. come up A Learn; collect someone in a vehicle
2. work out B start doing
3. take up C solve
4. turn out D happen unexpectedly
5. give up E postpone
6. sort out F continue
7. pick up G stop doing
8. come along H exercise; find the answer to something
9. keep on I happen in the end
10. put off J accompany; progress
 1 COMPLAINT: I wish to make a complaint about ...
 2 REQUEST: Would it be possible for me to ... ?
FIXED PHRASES
 3 APOLOGY: I am so sorry about ...
 4 COMPLAINT: If you don't solve this problem, I will be forced to ...
 5 REQUEST: Is there any chance you could ... ?
 6 GIVING INFORMATION: Please feel free to contact me for further information.
 7 APOLOGY: I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
 8 COMPLAINT: I am very unhappy with ...
 9 COMPLAINT: Please give this matter your immediate attention… I hope that you will take action soon
 10 ASKING FOR INFORMATION: I am writing to enquire about ...
 11 GIVING INFORMATION: I hope you will find this helpful.
Mistakes/errors
A (Baby) black crib for sale
 And

 Nor

 But

 Or

 Yet

 So
  Consequently

 Therefore

 However

 Nevertheless

 Thus

 Hence

 Henceforth

 In fact

Grading tests is depressing; consequently, some teachers drink heavily before doing it.
 To study math is a treat; to study grammar is a thrill.
I like to read; my wife likes to talk.
October days are often beautiful; November days often aren’t.
https://sites.pitt.edu/~atteberr/comp/0150/grammar/compoundpunct.html
You recently spent a vacation at the home of some friends On a recent holiday you lost a valuable item. Fortunately you
who Jive in a different city. have travel insurance to cover the cost of anything lost.
Write a letter to the manager of your insurance company.
Write a letter to your friends. In your letter
• thank your friends for letting you stay with them In your letter:
• describe some things you enjoyed about your vacation • Describe the item you lost
• invite your friends to visit you • Explain how you lost it.
• Tell the insurance company what you would like them to do.

You travelled by plane last week and your suitcase was lost. You recently spent a vacation at the home of some friends
You have still heard nothing from the airline company. who Jive in a different city.

Write to the airline and Write a letter to your friends. In your letter
• explain what happened • thank your friends for letting you stay with them
• describe your suitcase and tell them what was in it • describe some things you enjoyed about your vacation
• find out what they are going to do about it • invite your friends to visit you