ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

RAWE AGR 411 AGRONOMY INTERVENTIONS (0+3)

RAWE PROGRAM -2021

R. KAVINESH
180720407
J-BATCH
Ex No - 1
Demographic details in Village

 Village Name – pudhansanthai

 Block – Namakkal
 Taluk – Namakkal
 Geographical Area -336. 3 hectors
 Population -8640 (Males – 4714, Females – 4026)
 Cultivated Area -262. 4 Hectors
 No of Big Farmers -23 , No of medium farmers – 7 , No of small farmers -18
 Irrigation source – wells & Bore well
 Major crops –sorghum, maize, paddy, Groundnut
 Minor Crops – Topiaco, Sugarcane
 Perennial crops – coconut, Guava
 Cropping system – Sorghum (Jun – Oct) , paddy ( Oct –Mar) , Maize (Oct
– Nov) , Sugarcane ( Dec – Jan)
 Marketing Source – solakkadu regulated market, P. VelurRegulated market
 Major Agricultural problems – Labour & Labour cost high
Ex No -2
Crops and Cropping System

 Crops : Sorghum, Maize, Paddy , Groundnut , Sugarcane, Black gram & Green gram.
 Sorghum (Jun – Oct)
 Groundnut ( Jun – Sep)
 Rice (Oct – Dec)
 Maize (Oct – Dec)
 Monocropping – Sugarcane (Dec – Jan)
 Mixed cropping – Blackgram & Cucurbit
 Intercropping - Groundnut + sorghum
Groundnut + Blackgram
Ex No -3
Calendar operation Of Groundnut for 1 acre
SI No Particulars Date Remarks

A) Land Preparation

1) Ploughing June 10 Tractor

2) Sowing June 18 Hand sowing

B) Manures

1) Application of GYM 1 June 12 Broadcasting

Acre 2.5 tons

2) Application Of DAP 50 June 13

Kg
 3) Weedicide June 17 Powersprayer

4) Insecticide July 17 Powersprayer

5) Gypsum 100 kg July 27

6) Urea,potash,neemcake Aug 1 Broadcast

D) Irrigation 10 days
Interval
F) Weeding
 1) 1st weeding July 22 Handhoe

2) July 29
2nd weeding

G) Harvesting Aug 29
 Ex No -4
Agro Technology For Black gram
 Ploughing
 Tractor is used to plough (Labour charge- Rs. 1000
 Next rotavator Is used to plough (Labour charge - Rs. 1300
 Sowing
 Broadcast sowing is done by labours
 Labour charge per/ day Rs. 400
Weeding
 Used for handweeding
 7 Labours are used
 Labour charge – Rs. 400
 Harvesting
 To Use labours harvest manully
 8 labours are used
 Labour charges Rs 500
 Ex No -5
Nano Fertilizers

 Nano Fertilizer;
 To improve nutrient efficiency
 Market available fertilizer
 Urea , Mixed complx, Vijay complx, ammonium sulphate.
 Gypsum + super phosphate, potash & DAP.
 Recommended Quantity
1. Rice ( 1 acre)
 Urea (90 kg) +Neem cake (40kg)
 Mixed Complex (50kg) , vijay complex ( 50 kg)
 Ammonium sulphate (50 kg)
2.) Groundnut (1 acre)
 Urea (90kg)
 Vijay complex (90 kg)
 Gypsum +super phosphate (Mixed 90kg)
 Potash (50kg)
 Commercially available fertilizer
1. Nano MG 250 grams ( Rs. 720)
2. Nano Zn 22 grams (Rs.850)
3. Nano fertilizers 19:19:19 (NPK) (Rs.200)
4. Nano fertilizer Fe 250 grams (Rs. 819)
Ex No -6
Indigenous practices

 Rice :
1. Spraying panchakavya @ 3 % (To get high yield)
2. Soaking dry cowdung in keroSene ( Rat control )
 Blackgram :
1. Drying of blackgram Seeds during amavasai(dark moon) ( control
Pulse beetle)
2. Spraying of the extract of Calotropies (Boron deficiency)
Agroforestry
1. Teak seeds soaked in boil water (Increase germination)
 Ex No - 7
Intregrated weed Management
For major Three crops
 Black gram (critical period of weed control-35 DAS)
 Sorghum – critical period of weed
 Cultural Method
control 20 to 40 DAS
1. Hand weeding after 35 days after sowing  Cultural Method
 Chemical Method
1. 30 to 35 DAS sowing (hand hoe)
 Fluchloralin,pendimethalin
 Chemical Method
 Groundnut (critical period of wedd control first 45 DAS)
1. Pre emergence atrazine
 Cultural Method
1. 30 DAS first weeding
2. 45 DAS second weeding (hand hoe)
 Chemical method
1. Applying of pendimethalin rarely.
 Ex No - 8
Pulse production Technology (Black gram)
1. Field preparation
 Prepare the land to fine and tilth form beds and channels apply fym 12.5t/ha
2. Seed Treatment
 Seeds are treated with thiram at 2g/kg seeds
3. Seed Treatment with Biofertilize
 3 packests phisphobacteria (600g/kg)
4. Sowing of seeds
 Spacing 25×10cm
5. Fertilizer application
 Apply 25kg ZnSo4 & apply DAP for 50 kg 8 . Weed Management
Two hand weeding 15 & 30 DAS
6. Water Management
9. Harvesting
 Third days of life irrigation pcking the matured pods
 Ex No - 9
Green Manure And Green Leaf Manure
1. Green Manure
2. Green leaf Manures
 Green undecomposed material used as Manure • Application of green leaves, twig of trees and
 Growing in the field plants usually leguminous shrub collection is
family Called green leaf manure.
And incorporating into soil after sufficient growth Example – Neem, pungam
• Advantages :
Example - Green gram, daincha. 1. Improve soil structure
 Advantages 2. Reduce weed growth
3. Reduce root knot nematodes
1. Improve soil structure
2. Increase water holding capacity
3. Decrease soil lose by erosion
 Ex No - 10
Biofertilizer practices In various crops
 Biofertilizer
 Biofertilizer are ready to use live formulates of such micro organism which on
Application to seed, root (or) soil mobilize the availability of nutrientby their biological
Activity in particular and help build up the micro flora and turn the soil health in general.
 Bacterial biofertilizer: rhizobium, azospirilum & Phosphobacteria
 Algal biofertilizer: blue green alagae,azolla.
 Application to crops :
 Seed Treatment
1. Each packet is mixed with 200ml rice gruel seed required for
crops are mixed and dried for 30 min
 Used within 24hrs rhizobium, azospirillum & phosphobacteria
 Soil Treatment
 4kg of recommended biofertilizer mixed with 200gm compost.
Ex No – 11 Scientific Irrigation Management For
Major crops
 Groundnut : Flood Irrigation
 Funtion : The system Where water is applied and distributed Over the soil surface by gravity.
1. Paired Row Techniques
2. In this method crop grow on row on both sides on their irrigation 20% water saved 15%yield
increased.
3. Crop quality and yield increase.
 Black gram : Flood & sprinkler irrigation
 Function : Apply the water above the ground surface in the form of spray resumbling rainfall
through
Nozzle with a pumb.
1. Initial cost for installation is high
2. Equipments has a long life of 10 years.
 Rice : Flood irrigation
 Function :Whre water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity.
1. Normally flood irrigation in practiced.
2. Dobag Nursery Rose cane is used.
3. Farmer practiced countinious subemmergence excess application of water.
Ex No -12 Foliar Application Of Growth
Hormones /Micronutrients Through
Drones
 The use of drone technology in agriculture is emerging technology can help reduce and increase
the efficines of the farmers.
 Crop spraying : agri drone can be used to spray chemical as they have reservoirs, which can be
Filled with fertilizer and pesticide For spraying on crops in very little traditional
merhod.
 K3 model drone – Rs- 60000
 Capacity -10 litre 1 acre – 10 litre (one tank)
 Spraying - 8 to 15 mins
 1tank spraying charges Rs- 750
 Distance between crop and drone flying – 1m
.
Ex No -13
Integrated Farming System

 Integrated components with other ailled enterprise

 IFS in dryLand & rainfed area followed in the village (rainfall dependent area)
 Components
 Grain sorghum ( 2 acre) + poultry (1acre) + cow (6)
1. Sorghum grain is the feed for poultry.
2. Poultry cage is constructed. They are separate feeding tray
And watering tray, poultry used for human consumption.
3 . Cow manure is used for compost, FYM and other organic practices.
 Fodder sorghum+ goat rearing + cow
1. Fodder sorghum are feed for goat and cow
2. This manure are used for next season crops.
Ex No – 14
Organic Farming Practices
 Organic Farming
 Exclude Synthetic, chemical compounds growth promoting substance live stock feed
Activites and relies upon organic manures. Biofertilizer, GM & GLM to increase the soil fertility
 Composting
1. Cowdung + crop residues + kitchen waste used for composting
2. Compost for one month
3. Farmer buy readymade compost
 Green leaf manure
1. Neem ,calotropis ... Etc
 Fish Amilan
1. Fish waste + jaggery Equal proportion – 21days after use 3%
Solution for 1 litre of water
5 . Neem cake
1. Enhance growth and prevent soil bone disease
6 . Seeweed Extract
2. Microzyme –G granules for soil application
EX No – 15
Integrated water Management
 Irrigation Source :
1. Bore holes, pumpset, well & river
 Groundnut:
 Ridges & furrow
 Sorghum :
 Bund formation to water conservation practices
 Coconut :
 Basin Irrigation
 Sugarcane :
 River (Mohanur) based irrigation
 Pulses:
 Flood irrigation and proper bund formation
THANK
YOU