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Introduction To Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems

This document provides an introduction to automotive electrical and electronic systems. It discusses the main electrical systems in vehicles, including starting, charging, ignition, lighting, engine control, and air conditioning. It describes the components of electrical circuits, including series and parallel circuits. Key electrical components such as batteries, switches, relays, capacitors, diodes, and transistors are explained. The document also covers voltages, requirements for automotive electrical components, and single wire systems. Homework assignments are suggested related to improving reliability, reading wiring diagrams, and designing electrical systems and components.

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Bảo An
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124 views32 pages

Introduction To Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems

This document provides an introduction to automotive electrical and electronic systems. It discusses the main electrical systems in vehicles, including starting, charging, ignition, lighting, engine control, and air conditioning. It describes the components of electrical circuits, including series and parallel circuits. Key electrical components such as batteries, switches, relays, capacitors, diodes, and transistors are explained. The document also covers voltages, requirements for automotive electrical components, and single wire systems. Homework assignments are suggested related to improving reliability, reading wiring diagrams, and designing electrical systems and components.

Uploaded by

Bảo An
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ho Chi Minh City

University of Technology and Education

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOTIVE
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
SYSTEMS

Do Van Dung, Ass. Prof. PhD


Faculty of Vehicle Engineering
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 0903644706
Automotive electrical and electronic systems
Main systems

1. Starting
2. Charging
3. Ignition
4. Lighting and signal
5. Information
6. Engine control
7. Automotive control
8. Air conditioning
9. Accessories
Components of a circuit
Series Circuits
Series Circuits

•A series circuit has only one path for current.


That means current is the same through every
part of the circuit.
• If any part of the circuit is broken or
disconnected, the whole circuit will stop
working.
•No current is present in a series circuit unless
there is continuity through the entire circuit.
•You can use Ohm's Law to predict the
behavior of electricity in a circuit.
Voltage Drops in a Series Circuits
Parallel Circuits
Parallel Circuits
A parallel circuit has these key features:
• Total current equals the sum of the branch currents.
• Resistance of each branch determines the current
through each branch.
• If the branch resistances are the same, branch
currents will be the same.
• If the branch resistances are different, the current in
each branch will be different.
• The voltage drop across each load resistance is the
same. This is because the source voltage is applied
equally to each branch.
• The equivalent resistance of the circuit is less than
the smallest branch resistance.
Circuit Connection
Source Control and Ground Control Circuits
Electrical Symbols
Wiring Diagram
Inductors
A Simple Electromagnet

A simple electromagnet
can be made from a
length of wire, a battery,
and a nail. Depending on
the size of the battery,
this circuit might require
some added resistance to
keep excess current from
burning the wire.
Voltage Generated by Induction

When a current flowing


through a coil is cut off,
the collapsing magnetic
field generates a
voltage spike.
Ignition Coils

An ignition coil takes


advantage of the
collapsing magnetic field
to generate a high voltage
pulse for the spark plugs.
SWITCHES
A switch is a device to interrupt the current flow in a circuit. Switch
can make or break an electrical circuit. They are: Mechanical (NO,
NC…) & Electronic (Diode, Transistor, Thyristor…)

Types of mechanical switches: Single Pole Single Throw Switch


(SPST), Single Pole Double Throw Switch (SPDT), Double Pole
Single Throw Switch (DPST), and Double Pole Double Throw
Switch (DPDT).
MECHANICAL SWITCHES

• Push SW
• Pull SW
• Toggle SW
• Limit SW
• Float SW
• Flow SW
• Pressure SW
• Temperature SW
• Rotary SW
Relay
Relays are used throughout the automobile. Relays
which come in assorted sizes, ratings, and
applications, are used as remote control switches
Relay

A relay uses an
electromagnetic
coil to move a set
of contacts.
Relay
Capacitor

Capacitors have the ability to absorb and store an


electrical charge and then release it into the circuit.
Noise suppression— Noise in an audio system is
often caused by AC electrical voltage riding on top of
the DC voltage supplying power to a radio or tape
player.
Spike suppression— A capacitor can absorb voltage
spikes in a circuit.
Timers— A resistor put in series with a capacitor can
keep current flowing in a circuit for a specified amount
of time after power from the source has been
removed.
Diode
Diodes block current flow in one direction and pass current in
the opposite direction.
This is accomplished by joining a layer of P type material and a
layer of N type material during manufacturing.
Diode
Rectification— Since a diode will allow current to
flow in one direction and not the other, it can be used
to turn alternating current into direct current.
OR gate
Diode
As the rectifier for alternator

Protection reverse polarity Protection from reverse current


Transistor

A transistor can be used as an amplifier to control


electric motor speed such as A/C blower motors, or as
solid state switches to control actuators such as fuel
injectors.
Transistor (BJT, FET)
VOLTAGES
• Nominal voltages
• Dual voltage
• Multi-voltage
• DC & AC
• Batteries’voltages for EV
REQUIREMENTS
• Operating temperature
• Humidity
• Vibration
• High voltage impulse
• Reliability
• Electromagnetic interference
• Electrostatic
SINGLE WIRE SYSTEM

• Wires & wiring harness


• Connectors
• Single conductor system: advantages
and disadvantages. Earth (ground)
and attention
• Cable calculation by loads and wire
length
• CAN bus
HOMEWORK AND TASK FOR CHAPTER 1

• Discussion on how to increase reliability of


electrical and electronic components in
Vietnamese climate
• How to read the wiring diagrams
• Compare the wire colors between Japanese and
European cars
• Problems of single wire system
• Projects: Design and make the voltage converter
and inverter, design a 72V electrical system,
data and energy transmission, wireless charging
for battery

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