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PMMC & Edm

The document presents a comparison between PMMC meters and electrodynamometers. PMMC meters use permanent magnets to produce a magnetic field, while electrodynamometers use electromagnets. PMMC meters have one moving coil placed in a magnetic field, while electrodynamometers have three coils - two stationary coils that produce a magnetic field and one moving coil. Both types of instruments use springs to provide a controlling torque, but they differ in their exact configurations.

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REHMAN MALIK
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1K views31 pages

PMMC & Edm

The document presents a comparison between PMMC meters and electrodynamometers. PMMC meters use permanent magnets to produce a magnetic field, while electrodynamometers use electromagnets. PMMC meters have one moving coil placed in a magnetic field, while electrodynamometers have three coils - two stationary coils that produce a magnetic field and one moving coil. Both types of instruments use springs to provide a controlling torque, but they differ in their exact configurations.

Uploaded by

REHMAN MALIK
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation

Presented by:
1. M.Rehan (BEE-FA09-022)
2. M.Rehman Ali Yousaf (BEE-FA09-059)

3. Salamn Jehangir (BEE-FA09-094)


Presented to :
Sir. Haris Masood

1
Presentation
Topics:
1. PMMC Meter

2. Electrodynamometer

3. Difference Between PMMC & EDM

2
Introduction to PMMC
 PMMC instruments stands for Permanent
Magnet Moving coil instruments.

 Use to measure DC current or voltage

3
 Principle of operation
 It has been mentioned that the interaction
between the induced field and the field
produced by the permanent magnet causes a
deflecting torque, which results in rotation
of the coil.

4
5
Deflecting force
causes the pointer to move from its zero position when a
current flows
is magnetic force; the current sets up a magnetic field that
interacts with the field of the permanent magnet (see Figure

6
• Controlling force
is provided by spiral springs (Figure 3.1 (b))
retain the coil and pointer at their zero position
when no current is flowing
When current flows, the springs wind up as the
coil rotates, and the force they exert on the coil
increases
The coil and pointer stop rotating when the
controlling force becomes equal to the deflecting
force.
The spring material must be nonmagnetic to avoid
any magnetic field influence on the controlling
force. 7
Since the springs are used to make electrical
connection to the coil, they must have a low
resistance.
• Damping force
is required to minimize (or damp out) the
oscillations
must be present only when the coil is in motion,
thus it must be generated by the rotation of the
coil
In PMMC instruments, the damping force is
normally provided by eddy currents.

8
– Eddy currents induced in the coil former set up a
magnetic flux that opposes the coil motion, thus
damping the oscillations of the coil (see Figure
3.2 (b)). 9
PMMC Construction

10
Torque Equation and Scale
• When a current I flows through a one-turn coil
situated in a magnetic field, a force F is exerted on
each side of the coil

F  BI l newtons

11
Torque Equation and Scale

12
• Since the force acts on each side of the coil, the total
force for a coil of N turns is
F  2 BilN
• The force on each side acts at a radius r, producing a
deflecting torque:
TD  2 BliNr  BliN  2r 
 BliND
 BAIN
• The controlling torque exerted by the spiral springs
is directly proportional to the deformation or
windup of the springs. Thus, the controlling torque
is proportional to the actual angle of deflection of
the pointer.
T C  Kθ where K is a constant 13
• For a given deflection, the controlling and deflecting
torque are equal:

Kθ  B l IND
θ  CI where C is a constant

14
Electrodynamometer Movement
same  basic  operating  principle  as  the
D’Arsonval meter movement
Electromagnets instead of Permanent

Magnets
 Two field coils
The moving coil and pointer (attached to
the coil),  
Electrodynamometer Movement
Diagram
Electrodynamometer Movement
Current flow through coils causes a magnetic
field to be produced.  
 The  same  current  flow  through  the  moving
 coil .  
 can measure both AC and DC currents.  
uses:  voltmeters , ammeters ,most important
use is in the wattmeter.
Electrodynamometer Movement
METER ACCURACY:
 Very Accurate

 Low Sensitivity than PMMC

METER MOVEMENT:
 stationary (fixed) coils sets up a magnetic field.

 moving coils sets up an opposing magnetic field

 pointer deflects to the right

 current reverses direction, pointer still deflects to the


right.
 no rectifying devices are required to enable the
EDM movement to read both ac and dc.
As a VOLTMETER
When the electrodynamometer is
used as a voltmeter, its internal
connections and construction are
as shown in figure , Fixed coils a
and b are wound of fine wire
since the current flow through
them will not exceed 0.1 ampere.
They are connected directly in
series with movable coil c and
the series current-limiting
resistor.
AS A AMMETER
In the ammeter in
figure , stationary
coils a and b are
wound of heavier
wire to carry up to
5.0 amperes.

A shunt resistor and


inductance is
connected parallel to
the moving coil.
As a WATTMETER
consists of a pair of fixed coils,
known as current coils, and a
moving coil, called the voltage
(potential) coil.
Fixed coils are connected in

series.
 Moving coil is connected parallel

to the line current.

 A series Resistor is connected to


limit the current through moving
coil.
Wattmeter Connection
Wattmeter Connection
 The current coil of the wattmeter is
connected in series with the circuit
(load),
 voltage coil is connected across the line.
Summary
  D’Arsonval - A DC moving coil movement where the
moving coil is suspended between the poles of a permanent
magnet restrained by helical springs, and the measured  current
 flowing  through  the  moving  coil  produces  a  torque  on  the
attached pointer proportional to the current.
  Electrodynamometer  -  The  moving  coil  and  attached
 pointer  are  suspended between  and connected  in  series  with
 the two  stationary  field  coils so  that  the same current flows
through each.  A measured current flowing through the three
coils in either direction causes a magnetic repulsion between the
field coils and the moving coil.   The magnetic repulsion exerts
a force against the spring and provides a measurement of either
DC or AC current.
DIFFRENCE BETWEEN
PMMC METERS
AND
ELECTRODYNAMOMETERS:

Both the pmmc and electrodynamometers


are moving coil instruments in which coils
are moved by some deflecting torque but
there are some difference s between them.
DIFFERENCES:-
 In pmmc meters permanent magnets and in
electrodynamometers electromagnets are used.

 Pmmc meters has one coil which is placed


between magneticfield, Electrodynamometers have thre
coils two used for production of magnetic field an
one for production torque.
 Pmmc meters have spindle on rectangular coil
having jewweled bearings, also have hair springs. (to
produce controling torque).
 While electrodynamometers has spindle with moving coil,
a pointer and a scale.

 In pmmc meters controling torque is provided by hair


springs while in electrodynamometers it is also produced
by springs connected to spindle.

 In pmmc meters force on each side of coil is F=NILB


while in electrodynamometers force on each side of coil
is F=NI2LB

 Scale of pmmc meters is uniformly distributed while


scale of electrodynamometers is not uniformly distributed.
 Pmmc meters can be used as voltmeters,
ammeters while electrodynamometrers can b e
used as voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
 Pmmc meters have no hysterisis losses while
electrodynamometers have them. So field
producing coils of electrodynamometer are air
cored to reduce hysterisis losses.
 Pmmc meters have low power consumption.
 Pmmc meters are more costly then
electrodynamometers.
 PMMC METER:
 ELECTRODYNAMOMETERS:

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