Prepared by :

Nierva, Charmella Ann T.

BSN II-C
 COMPUTER HARDWARE
• A personal computer is made up of multiple
physical components of computer hardware,
upon which can be installed a system software
called operating system and a multitude of
software applications to perform the
operator's desired functions.
 Monitor
Motherboard
CPU
RAM
Expansion cards
Power supply
Optical disc drive
Hard disk drive
Keyboard
Mouse
• The central processing unit (CPU) is the
portion of a computer system that carries out
the instructions of a computer program, and is
the primary element carrying out the
computer's functions. The central processing
unit carries out each instruction of the
program in sequence, to perform the basic
arithmetical, logical, and input/output
operations of the system.
• A monitor or display (sometimes called a visual display unit) is
an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises
the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure.
• Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of
computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of
integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any
order in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and
whether it is related to the previous piece of data.
• In personal computers, a motherboard is the central
printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers and holds
many of the crucial components of the system, while providing
connectors for other peripherals.
• A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy
to one or more electric loads. The term is most
commonly applied to devices that convert one form of
electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to
devices that convert another form of energy (e.g.,
mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy. A
regulated power supply is one that controls the output
voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled
value is held nearly constant despite variations in either
load current or the voltage supplied by the power
supply's energy source.
• The Expansion card (also expansion board,
adapter card or accessory card) in computing
is a printed circuit board that can be inserted
into an expansion slot of a computer
motherboard to add functionality to a
computer system.
• A Hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile,
random access device for digital data. It
features rotating rigid platters on a motor-
driven spindle within a protective enclosure.
Data is magnetically read from and written to
the platter by read/write heads that float on a
film of air above the platters.
• a Keyboard is a typewriter keyboard, which
uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act
as mechanical levers or electronic switches.
With the decline of punch cards and
paper tape, interaction via teletype-style
keyboards became the main input device for
computers.
• a Mouse is a pointing device that functions by
detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its
supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of
an object held under one of the user's hands, with
one or more buttons. It sometimes features other
elements, such as "wheels", which allow the user
to perform various system-dependent operations,
or extra buttons or features that can add more
control or dimensional input. The mouse's motion
typically translates into the motion of a cursor on a
display, which allows for fine control of a
graphical user interface.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Application software includes end-user
applications of computers such as
word processors or video games, and
ERP software for groups of users.
• Middleware controls and co-ordinates
distributed systems
• Programming languages define the syntax and
semantics of computer programs. For
example, many mature banking applications
were written in the COBOL language, originally
invented in 1959. Newer applications are
often written in more modern programming
languages.
• System software includes operating systems,
which govern computing resources. Today
Large applications running on remote
machines such as Websites are considered to
be system software, because the end-
user interface is generally through a
graphical user interface, such as a
web browser.
• Testware is software for testing hardware or a
software package.
• Firmware is low-level software often stored on
electrically programmable memory devices.
Firmware is given its name because it is
treated like hardware and run ("executed") by
other software programs.
• Shrinkware is the older name given to
consumer-purchased software, because it was
often sold in retail stores in a shrink-wrapped
box.
• Device drivers control parts of computers such
as disk drives, printers, CD drives, or
computer monitors.
• Programming tools help conduct computing
tasks in any category listed above. For
programmers, these could be tools for
debugging or reverse engineering older
legacy systems in order to check
source code compatibility.