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Automated Railway Crossing Part 1

This document describes an automated railway crossing system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to automatically open and close railway crossing gates based on the detection of approaching and passing trains. The system aims to improve safety by reducing accidents caused by human error at unmanned railway crossings. It uses infrared sensors to detect trains and a microcontroller to control servo motors that open and close the gates. When a train is detected, the gates close and alarms are activated to warn road users until the train passes through, at which point the gates reopen.

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Prathamesh Chavan
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155 views20 pages

Automated Railway Crossing Part 1

This document describes an automated railway crossing system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to automatically open and close railway crossing gates based on the detection of approaching and passing trains. The system aims to improve safety by reducing accidents caused by human error at unmanned railway crossings. It uses infrared sensors to detect trains and a microcontroller to control servo motors that open and close the gates. When a train is detected, the gates close and alarms are activated to warn road users until the train passes through, at which point the gates reopen.

Uploaded by

Prathamesh Chavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automated

Railway
Crossing
Prathamesh J. Chavan Guide : Prof. R. V. Agawane
TE A 24
Content
● Introduction
● Objective
● Information of Existing System
● Information of Automatic Railway Crossing
● Block Diagram
● Working of Block Diagram
● Applications
● Components
● Circuit Diagram
● Advantages
● Disadvantages
● Timeline
Introduction
● Now a days, India is the country which having world’s largest railway network. Over hundreds
of railways running on track every day.
● As railway has straightway running as well as it has somewhat risky and dangerous as per as
general public and traffic concern.
● As we know that it is surely impossible to stop the running train at instant in some critical
situation or emergency arises.
● Therefore at the places of traffic density, suburban areas and crossings there is severe need to
install i.e railway gate in view of protection purpose. Obviously at each and every gate there
must be an attendant to operate and maintain it.
● But still every year, thousands of lives are lost due to the unmanned railway gates and
crossings.
● So, to avoid all these things some sort of automatic and independent system comes in picture.
● This project gives an innovative solution to this where the gates will be opened/ closed
automatically based on the train arrival.
Objective
● The objective of this project is to create an automatic railway gate control
system which can be implemented to eliminate human error.
● To Reduce the time for closing and opening the gate.
● Provide safety to the road users by reducing the resident.
● Provide Higher reliability as it is not subjected to manual errors.
Existing System

Limitations:-
1. This system totally depends on
gate keeper.
2. Accuracy of this system is not
good.
3. Low reliability.
Automatic Railway Crossing

Advantages:
1. The reduction of time for which the gate
is being kept closed.
2. To provide safety to the road users by
reducing the accidents that usually occur
due to carelessness of road users and at
times errors made by the gatekeeper.
Block Diagram
Working of Block Diagram

1. At the beginning the IR-sensor-1 senses for the detection of arriving train.
2. And if IR-sensor-1 senses the output of sensor1 goes HIGH, that is when the
sensor1 senses the train.
3. Then the buzzer and light will be turned ON for the indication to the road users.
And the gate will be closed by rotating the Servo motor.
4. After the sensor2 output goes HIGH, that is the sensor2 senses the departure of
train the buzzer and LED will be turned OFF and then the gate will open
Flow Chart
Application

1. Railway gate controlling.


2. Parking gate controlling.
Components

1. Arduino
2. Servo Motor
3. Buzzer
4. IR LED
5. Photodiode
6. LM358(low power dual operational amplifier )
7. Preset
8. Adapter
9. LED
10. Resistors
Circuit diagram
Description of Circuit
1. Output of all the sensors are connected to A0, A1, A2 and A3 pins of Arduino.
2. The pins D9 and D10 of the Arduino are PWM pins. These pins are connected to the
Servo motor. Servos are controlled by sending an electrical pulse of variable width, or
pulse width modulation (PWM), through the control wire.
3. IR pair is made with dual Op-amp IC LM358. Only one IC is required for a pair. A preset is
used for calibration.
Working of Circuit Diagram

1. Initial signal display:-


1. Four sensors are used in the project as two pairs of two sensors.
2. These sensors are kept in the both side of level crossings gate as
shown in video.
3. All the sensors are connected to Arduino..
2. Train arrival detections:-
1. When train arrives from any side, it first cross the sensor 1 after that cross the
sensor 2, in this way Arduino close the gate by sending the signal to servo
motor.
2. When train departure from any side it first cross the sensor2 after that cross the
sensors 1, in this way Arduino open the gate.
3. Servo motors are used in the gate because it is very easy to use and does not
require any driver IC or circuit.
4. Servo motor has three pins.
a. The first pin is PWM,
b. Second is Vcc and
c. Third is GND.
5. Servo motor receives the PWM signal from Arduino and rotates the motor at
fixed angle according to duty cycle of signal.
3. Calibration

1. There are two presets in an IR pair circuit. Before calibration make


sure that IR LED and Photodiodes are placed in front of each other,
and falling on Photodiode
2. Now rotate the preset, till the indicator LED does not glow.
3. When some barrier is placed between LED and Photodiodes,
indicator LED starts glowing. This calibration procedure has to be
done for all the sensors.
Advantages

● The reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed.
● To provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents that usually occur due
to carelessness of road users and at times errors made by the gatekeeper. Once the
arrival is sensed, a signal is sent to the microcontroller and it checks for possible
presence of vehicle between the gates, again using sensors.
● It has alarm(Buzzer) if any vehicle is detected in the path
● If any signal is sensed then train driver is sent a RED signal placed at 2Km and 180m.
● It has IR sensor so it will work proper in foggy situation also.
● It also has thermal overload protection and short circuit protection (LM7805)
Disadvantages

● Not applicable for AC motor as L293D can work with DC motor


● To establish entire network it is quite costly
● Arduino board is quite delicate so it must be handled carefully.
● Some animals or human activity may cause damage to the Arduino board and system
may not work properly.
● A combination manual wireless control and sensors based control can be used for better
operation.
● As we are using IR sensor so there may be sometime fake detection.
Thank You...

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