MAPEH

In the second half of the 19th century emerged the

impressionist movement. Impressionist artists moved away from
the established practices and discovered new ways. They used
pure unmixed colors side by side using short broken strokes for
more visual effect on the subject. They started on something
new like capturing scenes of life like household objects,
Impressionism seascapes, houses, and ordinary people. They preferred working
outdoor in a natural light incorporating unusual visual angles,
out of proportion objects, subjects placed off-centered, and
empty spaces on the canvas. All these characterize the works of
Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, and Edouard Manet. Monet is
best known for his landscape painting, depicting his flower
gardens and water lily ponds. Renoir’s works were snapshots of
real-life paintings of actual people and figures. Manet’s works
depicted modern-life subjects.
Works of
Monet, Renoir,
and Manet
 Another group of artists who became popular in the 1900’s
are the expressionists. They created works with more emotional
force, and not on realistic or natural images. To attain this, they
used distorted outlines, unrealistic or unnatural images. Their
works are not actually what they see in the physical world, but
Expressionism depend on their imaginations and feelings.

The different styles that emerged within the expressionist art

movements are:
▪ neoprimitivism
▪ fauvism
▪ dadaism
▪ surrealism
▪ social realism
Neoprimitivism
Neoprimitivism is an
art style of combined
elements from the native
arts of the South Sea
Islanders and the wood
carvings of African tribes.
Among the Westernartists
who adapted these
elements was Amedeo
Modigliani. Oval faces and
elongated shapes of
African art can be seen in
both his sculptures and
paintings.
Fauvism
Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French
for "the wild beasts"), a group of early 20th-
century modern artists whose works
emphasized with strong colors and visual
distortions. Most known artist was Henri
Matisse.
The characteristics of Fauvism include:
A) the important use of unnatural colors
gives new, emotional meaning to the colors;
B) creating a strong, unified work that
appears flat on the canvas.
Dadaism
Dadaism is a style
characterized by imagination,
remembered images, and visual
tricks and surprises—as in the
paintings of Marc Chagall and
Giorgio de Chirico below. These
artists turn their backs from using
traditional styles in arts leading to
their new style called “non-style.”
The art, poetry, and performance
produced by dada artists is often
satirical and nonsensical in nature.
Surrealism
Surrealism came from the term “super
realism”, a style that depicts an illogical,
subconscious dream world. It is a clear
expression of departure from reality - as if
the artists were dreaming, seeing illusions,
or experiencing a change in mental state.
Many surrealist works appeared morbid
or gloomy subjects, as in those by Salvador
Dali. Others were quite playful and even
humorous, such as those by Paul Klee and
Joan Miro.
Social Realism
Social realism is an art
movement which expresses the
artist’s role in social reform. The
artists used their works to show
protest against the injustices,
inequalities immorality, and other
concerns of the human condition.
Social realists have addressed
different social issues for the
purpose of increasing people’s
awareness leading to reforms and
general welfare.
 In the 20th century, the abstractionist movement existed from
various intellectual points of view. This intellectualism was
reflected in art. Expressionism was emotional while
abstractionism was logical and rational.
Geometrical shapes, patterns, lines, angles, textures, and
swirls of color were used. Representational abstractionism
depicts still-recognizable subjects while pure abstractionism
Abstractionism does not recognize any subject at all.

Abstractionist movement has four art styles, namely:

• Cubism
• Futurism
• Mechanical style
• Non-objectivism
Cubism
The cubist style was derived from the word cube, a three-
dimensional geometric figure composed of lines, planes, and angles.
Pablo Picasso - Spanish painter/sculptor is foremost among the cubists.
Futurism
Futurism is a style of art that began in Italy in the
early 1900’s. It is an art of fast-paced, machine-
propelled age. Artists draw inspiration through motion,
force, speed and strength of mechanical forms. Thus,
their works depicted the dynamic sensation of all
these – as seen in the works of Italian painter Gino
Severini.
Mechanical Style
In mechanical style of art, basic forms such as planes,
cones, spheres, and cylinders all fit together in a precise
and neat manner.

        
               
Non-objectivism
From the term non-object, works in non-
objectivism style did not make use of figures or
even representations of figures.