PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN

NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London:
Prentice Hall International.

1
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

1. 2. 3.
PADANAN
4.
PADANAN
5.
PADANAN
PEMINDAHAN NATURALISASI BUDAYA FUNGSIONAL DESKRIPTIF
The  process of Adapts  the SL word Replacing  a cultural Requires  the use of The  meaning of the
transferring SL word first to the normal word in the SL with a culture-neutral CBT is explained in
to a TL text. pronunciation, then one in TL, however, word. several words.
to the normal “they are not
morphology of the accurate”.
TL.

2
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

6.
ANALISIS
7.
SINONIM
8.
TERJEMAHAN
9.
TRANSPOSISI
10.
MODULASI
The  translator
KOMPONEN LITERAL reproduces the
Comparing SL with TL message of the
word which has a similar Near  TL equivalent. The  literal Involves  a change in original text in the TL
meaning but is not an translation of the grammar from SL text in conformity
obvious one-to-one common to TL. with the current
equivalent, by collocations, names norms of the TL,
demonstrating first their of organizations and since the SL and the
common and then their components of TL may appear
differing sense compounds. dissimilar in terms of
components. perspective.

3
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

11.
TERJEMAHAN
12.
PENGURANGAN
DAN
13. 14. 15.
SEDIA ADA PENGEMBANGAN PARAFRASA KUPLET NOTA
The  translator Loss  of meaning in The  explanation is Translator  combines Additional 
“normally uses the one part of a much more detailed two different information in a
official or the sentence is than that procedures. translation.
generally accepted compensated in of descriptive
translation of any another part. equivalent.
institutional term.”

4
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Pemindahan

• Memindahkan perkataan bahasa sumber kepada bahasa

1.
sasaran.

• Proses mengalih huruf daripada satu bentuk huruf kepada

bentuk huruf yang lain (peminjaman dan transliterasi)
PEMINDAHAN
Contoh peminjaman: radio, bank, writ, prima facie
The  process of
transferring SL word
Contoh transliterasi: 富士山 - Fujiyama
to a TL text.

5
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Naturalisasi

Adaptasi dari kata pertama bahasa sumber dengan pengucapan

1.
2.
normal, ke dalam morfologi normal bahasa sasaran.

Contohnya: television - televisyen

NATURALISASI
PEMINDAHAN
Adapts 
The  process
the SL
ofword
transferring
first to the normal
an SL
word to a TL text.
pronunciation, then
to the normal
morphology of the
TL.

6
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Padanan Budaya

• Proses menggantikan perkataan budaya bahasa sumber

1.
3.
dengan perkataan budaya bahasa sasaran.

• Dianggap sebagai terjemahan hampir kerana padanan yang

PADANAN terhasil bukan merupakan persamaan yang tepat.
PEMINDAHAN
BUDAYA
Contohnya: pulut - glutinous rice
Replacing 
The  processa cultural
of
word
transferring
in the SL
an with
SL
bachelor party – pesta bersama
one
wordintoTL,
a TL
however,
text. sebelum pernikahan
“they are not
accurate”.

7
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Padanan Fungsional

• Merujuk kepada proses mengeneralisasi kata dalam bahasa

1.
4.
sumber yang ingin diterjemahkan (menjadikan istilah lebih
umum)

PADANAN • Contoh: ….buah durian, rambutan, manggis

FUNGSIONAL
PEMINDAHAN • ….local fruits…
Requires 
The  process
the of
use of
atransferring
culture-neutral
an SL
word.
word to a TL text.

8
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Padanan Deskriptif

• Merujuk kepada terjemahan berbentuk huraian. Huraian yang

1.
5.
dilakukan bukan berkaitan dengan fungsi perkataan tersebut.

• Contoh:
PADANAN Perancis: machette
DESKRIPTIF
PEMINDAHAN English : ‘long knife’
The 
The  process
meaningof of SL is
explained
transferring
in an
several
SL
words.
word to a TL text.

9
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Analisis Komponen

• Menyenaraikan komponen makna yang terkandung dalam

6.
sesuatu perkataan.

• Bertujuan untuk membuat perbandingan antara kata bahasa

ANALISIS sumber dengan kata bahasa sasaran yang mempunyai
KOMPONEN maksud yang sama dengan mengenal pasti elemen
Comparing SL with TL persamaan dan perbezaan antara kedua-dua perkataan
word which has a similar tersebut.
meaning but is not an
obvious one-to-one
• Contoh:
equivalent, by
demonstrating first their
common and then their
Clean air = fresh air which you can breath in. (udara bersih)
differing sense Sweet talk = nice words in talking. (Kata-kata manis)
components.

10
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Analisis Komponen

6.
ANALISIS
KOMPONEN
Comparing SL with TL
word which has a similar
meaning but is not an
obvious one-to-one
equivalent, by
demonstrating first their
common and then their
differing sense
components.

11
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Sinonim

• Padanan yang menyamai teks sumber.

7.
6.
ANALISIS
SINONIM
• Contoh:

Kind person – orang baik

KOMPONEN
Comparing SL with TL
Near which
word TL equivalent.
has a similar
meaning but is not an
obvious one-to-one
equivalent, by
demonstrating first their
common and then their
differing sense
components.

12
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Terjemahan Literal

• Terjemahan literal bukan hanya melibatkan pasangan satu

6.
8.
lawan satu, malah turut peka kepada kehendak sistem
tatabahasa bahasa sasaran.
• Terjemahan ini merupakan kaedah yang paling asas dalam
TERJEMAHAN
ANALISIS terjemahan dan boleh digunakan selagi sesuai dengan bahasa
LITERAL
KOMPONEN sasaran.
Comparing SL with TL
The  literal
word which has a similar
translation
meaning butofis not an
Contoh:
commonone-to-one
obvious
collocations,
equivalent, bynames I like that book
of organizations
demonstrating and
first their Saya suka buku itu.
components
common and ofthen their
compounds.
differing sense
components.

13
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Transposisi

• Melibatkan perubahan tatabahasa dari bahasa sumber ke

9.
6.
dalam bahasa sasaran, misalnya;

(i) perubahan dari bentuk tunggal ke bentuk jamak,

ANALISIS (ii) perubahan itu diperlukan ketika suatu struktur dari
TRANSPOSISI
KOMPONEN bahasa sumber secara spesifik tidak terdapat dalam
Comparing SL with TL
bahasa sasaran,
Involves 
word whicha change in
has a similar
the grammar
meaning but isfrom SL
not an
(iii) perubahan kosa kata dari bahasa sumber ke dalam
to TL. one-to-one
obvious
bahasa sasaran, perubahan kelompok kata benda dari
equivalent, by bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dan seterusnya.
demonstrating first their
common and then their
differing sense
components.

14
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Transposisi

Contoh:

9.
6.
ANALISIS
TRANSPOSISI
Bahasa sumber : Maya berdiri di depan cermin sambil
merenung dirinya. Cantik kah aku? Entahlah.
KOMPONEN
Comparing SL with TL
Bahasa sasaran : Am I beautiful? I do not know. Maya stood
Involves 
word whicha change in
has a similar at the mirror and stared at herself.
the grammar
meaning but isfrom SL
not an
to TL. one-to-one
obvious
equivalent, by
demonstrating first their
common and then their
differing sense
components.

15
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Modulasi

10.
• Kaedah modulasi digunakan untuk tujuan yang sama seperti

6.
tranposisi iaitu untuk menyampaikan maklumat dengan gaya
bahasa yang paling bersahaja dan mudah difahami.
MODULASI
The  translator
ANALISIS
reproduces the
• Modulasi boleh digunakan apabila terjemahan yang terhasil
KOMPONEN tidak menepati hukum tatabahasa, janggal atau menyimpang
message of the original
Comparing SL with TL
text in the TL text in maknanya walaupun terjemahan secara literal atau tranposisi
word which has a similar
conformity with the
meaning but is not an
telah digunakan.
current norms of the
obvious one-to-one
TL, since the SL and
equivalent, by
the TL may appear
demonstrating first their
dissimilar in terms of
common and then their
perspective.
differing sense
components.

16
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Modulasi

10.
Contoh:

6.
MODULASI
The  translator
ANALISIS
reproduces the
Saturday night – malam Ahad

KOMPONEN
message of the original
Comparing SL with TL
text in the TL text in
word which has a similar
conformity with the
meaning but is not an
current norms of the
obvious one-to-one
TL, since the SL and
equivalent, by
the TL may appear
demonstrating first their
dissimilar in terms of
common and then their
perspective.
differing sense
components.

17
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Terjemahan Sedia Ada

• Merujuk kepada padanan dalam bahasa sasaran yang telah

11.
sedia ada untuk sesuatu perkataan bahasa sumber itu.

Contoh:
TERJEMAHAN
SEDIA ADA United States of America
Amerika Syarikat
The  translator
“normally uses the
official or the
generally accepted
translation of any
institutional term.”

18
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Pengurangan dan Pengembangan

• Terjadi ketika pengurangan makna pada perkataan dalam satu

11.
12.
ayat dan digantikan dengan makna yang lain.

PENGURANGAN Contoh:
DAN
TERJEMAHAN
PENGEMBANGAN
SEDIA ADA Ali is very hardworking and kind but I’m greater than him
Saya lebih hebat daripada Ali
Loss  translator
The  of meaning in
“normally
one part of uses
a the
official or is
sentence the
generally accepted
compensated in
translation
another part.of any
institutional term.”

19
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Parafrasa

• Merujuk kepada proses memberi penjelasan dan penerangan

11.
13.
tentang makna yang dimaksudkan dalam teks sumber.

• Prosedur ini diperlukan apabila maksud yang hendak

TERJEMAHAN disampaikan oleh teks sumber adalah kurang jelas.
SEDIA
PARAFRASA
ADA
• Penterjemah boleh melakukan perubahan terhadap ayat asal
The  explanation
 translator is
“normally
much more uses
detailed
the
teks sumber bagi memastikan makna teks sumber dapat
official
than that
or the dipindahkan kepada teks terjemahan sehampir yang
generally accepted
of descriptive mungkin.
translation of any
equivalent.
institutional term.”

20
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Parafrasa

Contoh:

11.
13.
TERJEMAHAN
Hari keputeraan yang ke-76 Baginda Sultan Johor

His Majesty the Sultan of Johor's 76th Birthday

SEDIA
PARAFRASA
ADA
The  explanation
 translator is
“normally
much more uses
detailed
the
official
than that
or the
generally accepted
of descriptive
translation of any
equivalent.
institutional term.”

21
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Kuplet

• Penggabungan dua, tiga atau empat prosedur terjemahan bagi

11.
14.
menterjemah sesuatu perkataan bahasa sumber.

• Lazimnya kaedah ini digunakan dalam menterjemahkan

TERJEMAHAN perkataan yang mempunyai unsur budaya.
KUPLET
SEDIA ADA
Contoh:
Translator
The  translator
 combines
“normally
two different
uses the
official or the
procedures. Hookah = waterpipe = The Persian smoke
generally accepted Hookah = Sejenis rokok paip yang dihisap
translation of any
institutional term.”

22
 PROSEDUR TERJEMAHAN NEWMARK
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International.

Nota

• merupakan informasi tambahan.

11.
15.
TERJEMAHAN
• Terdiri daripada beberapa bentuk iaitu:

1. Tambahan pada teks

SEDIA
NOTA ADA 2. Nota pada bahagian bawah halaman berkenaan
3. Nota pada bahagian akhir bab
Additional 
The  translator
“normally uses
information in athe
4. Nota atau glosari pada bahagian akhir buku atau artikel
official or the
translation.
generally accepted
translation of any
institutional term.”

23
 SEKIAN
TERIMA KASIH

24