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    GEO L26 Steel and Cement Industries

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    Kranti Tejan
    This document discusses the iron and steel and cement industries in India. It provides details on the production processes, location factors, history and major plants of these industries. For the iron and steel industry, it describes the raw materials required, major plants located near sources of iron ore, coal, and processes like smelting. It also discusses the status and challenges of the industry. For cement industry, it outlines the raw material needs, state-wise production centers located near limestone deposits, and growth opportunities in road construction.

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    GEO L26 Steel and Cement Industries

    Uploaded by

    Kranti Tejan
    48 views33 pages
    This document discusses the iron and steel and cement industries in India. It provides details on the production processes, location factors, history and major plants of these industries. For the iron and steel industry, it describes the raw materials required, major plants located near sources of iron ore, coal, and processes like smelting. It also discusses the status and challenges of the industry. For cement industry, it outlines the raw material needs, state-wise production centers located near limestone deposits, and growth opportunities in road construction.

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    This document discusses the iron and steel and cement industries in India. It provides details on the production processes, location factors, history and major plants of these industries. For the iron and steel industry, it describes the raw materials required, major plants located near sources of iron ore, coal, and processes like smelting. It also discusses the status and challenges of the industry. For cement industry, it outlines the raw material needs, state-wise production centers located near limestone deposits, and growth opportunities in road construction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    48 views33 pages

    GEO L26 Steel and Cement Industries

    Uploaded by

    Kranti Tejan
    This document discusses the iron and steel and cement industries in India. It provides details on the production processes, location factors, history and major plants of these industries. For the iron and steel industry, it describes the raw materials required, major plants located near sources of iron ore, coal, and processes like smelting. It also discusses the status and challenges of the industry. For cement industry, it outlines the raw material needs, state-wise production centers located near limestone deposits, and growth opportunities in road construction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    Indian Geography

    Mines and Minerals

    Mines Industries
    Industries in India

    Iron and
    cement
    steel
    Making of steel
    Iron mined (impure)
    Heating of iron ore for purification – smelting
    Oxygen furnace – oxygen blows through melted
    iron – lowers its impurities
    Other metals are added to make various steel
    History of Steel indu. In India
    free India’s first Industrial Policy Resolution
    adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1948.
    Industries were divided into four categories.
    In the first category were strategic industries
    which were made the monopoly of the
    Government.
    In the second category were six industries which
    included, among others, coal, iron and steel.
    History of Steel indu. In India
    Government decided to start a chain of steel
    plants all over the country in the public sector.
    The first such plant was set up at Rourkela in
    Orissa.
    Location of steel industry
    Raw material
    based

    Port based

    Market based
    Raw material based steel industry
    Steel sector – weight losing industry
    Weight of raw material is higher than final
    product- steel
    That’s why located near sources of raw
    materials
    Raw material for Iron and Steel Industries

    Iron Coking coal

    limestone Manganese

    Chromite
    Raw material based steel industry
    Old steel plants were located near coal fields –
    because old technique was coking coal intensive
    Ex. Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro
    New technique require less coking coal
    Steel plant in south India and Bhilai use iron-
    ore intensive technique
    Bhadravati, Bhilai
    Major Iron and Steel indu. In India
    Steel plants state Foreign assistance
    Rourkela Odisha Germany
    Bhilai MP Soviet Union
    Durgapur WB UK
    Bokaro Bihar Soviet Union
    SAIL Rourkela, Bhilai, ---
    Bokaro, Burnpur
    TISCO Jamshedpur, ---
    gopalpur (Odisha)
    Major Iron and Steel indu. In India
    Steel plant state resources
    Vishweshwarya iron and Bhadravati in Sharawati Hydel power
    steel ltd. shimoga (KN)

    Vijayanagar steel plant Hospet in Bellary, Coal from Chhattisgarh and Sigreni
    KN coal field of AP

    Salem steel plant TN Rich iron ore and limestone


    Major Iron and Steel indu. In India
    Steel plants state Sources of raw material
    Bhilai MP Iron – Dalli Rajhara
    Coking coal – Zaria
    Coal- korba
    Limstone –Akaltara
    Manganese – Balaghat
    Bokaro Bihar Iron- Dalli Rajhara
    coal- Zaria
    Manganese- Badam pahar
    Limestone – Birmitrapur
    Major Iron and Steel indu. In India
    Steel plants state Sources of raw material
    Bhadravati KN Iron – kemangundi, Kudremukh
    Coal- Neyvelli
    Limstone –Shimoga
    Energy- HEP form Jog fall and
    Krishnaraj sagar dam on Kaveri
    Location of steel industry
    Raw material
    based

    Port based

    Market based
    Port based steel plant
    Vishakhapatnam steel Plant, Andhra Pradesh
    1st shore based steel plant
    Iron – Bailadila, Chhattisgarh
    Limestone- Chhattisgarh
    Coal from Damodar valley, Jharkhand
    Metallurgical coal from Australia
    Energy- Balimela HEP on Godavari
    Natural gas from KG Basin
    Export to Japan
    Major Iron and Steel indu. In India
    Location of steel industry
    Raw material
    based

    Port based

    Market based
    Mini steel plants
    <10,000 ton annually
    Steel from steel scrap/ sponge iron sell further
    to mills
    Gestation period is short
    Large steel plants produce mild steel
    Mini steel plants produce mild steel + alloy
    steel + stainless steel
    Mini steel plants
    Located near consumption market
    Ex. Rathi steel (MP), Alang steel (GJ)

    Mini steel plants account for 30% of steel


    production in the country
    Status of Indian iron and steel industries
    India is one of the largest crude steel producer in
    the world
    China, Japan, USA and India
    India annual production of steel = 71 ml ton
    (2014), China = 700 ml ton
    Per capita finished steel consumption in India = 39
    kg, world avg. =150 kg
    India is the largest producer of sponge iron in the
    world
    National Steel Policy 2005
    100 ml ton of production by 2019-20
    Need avg. yearly growth of 7%
    Need $65 bl fund for tech upgradation
    Challenges against Indian steel indu.
    Non-availability of metallurgical coking coal –
    high ash content [relay on import]
    Key ingredients: nickel, molybdenum- not
    available
    Falling prices, stagnant demand – over-supply
    Challenges against Indian steel indu.
    High cost of power
    High rate of interest
    Low labour productivity
    Poor infrastructure –transport
    Less investment on R&D
    Low quality, and less flexibility over lattest
    demands
    Potential of Indian steel indu.
    India has high quality iron reserve (hematite)
    [4th largest reserve]
    3th Largest pool of technical man power
    Cheap labour (but need skill deve)
    Untapped rural market
    Make in India, Housing for all by 2020, roads-
    railway -infra
    Industries in India

    Iron and
    cement
    steel
    Cement industries
    One of the most advanced industries in India
    Important for infra-development and housing in
    the country
    Avg. per capita cement consumption in India =
    110 kg (2003-04), world avg. (240 kg)
    Raw material needed for cement industry

    Limestone Silica (20-25%), Slag from steel


    (60-65%) Alumina(5-12%) plant

    Slag from Gypsum


    fertilizer plant Sea-shells
    Bauxite
    Location factor in cement industries
    Location based on source of limestone
    1.5 ton of limestone require to produce 1 ton of
    cement
    Coal is another important requirement
    Energy intensive industry
    Coal is need to burn the limestone. Ash of burnt
    coal is mixed with limestone to make clinker
    State-wise cement production
    State regions Cement plants
    MP-Chhattisgarh Largest limestone Satna, Kymore, Katni
    reserve
    Vindhyan rocks
    RJ 2nd largest limestone Sawai Madhopur,
    reserve Lakheri, Udaipur
    Aravalli
    AP-Telangana 3th largest limestone Karimnagar -Telangana
    reserve Krishna, Vijaywada -
    Telangana plateau AP
    GJ Mostly Coastal areas Sika, Porbandar,
    Sevolia,
    Status of Indian cement industries
    India-2nd largest producer of cement (after
    China)
    137 large and 365 mini cement plants.
    Rs 500 crore to add one million tonne capacity
    Traget: ~ 40 million tonne per year
    New opportunities for cement industries
    Ministry of transport has decided to build
    concrete cement roads in place of traditional
    bitumen roads
    cement roads are cost-effective and require less
    maintenance.
    India has to import bitumen
    Industries in India

    Iron and
    cement
    steel

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