S&T & Nation Building

• DISCUSS THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY IN PHILIPPINE NATION-BUILDING
•EVALUATE GOVERNMENT POLICIES PERTAINING
TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TERMS OF
THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO NATION; AND
• IDENTIFY ACTUAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICIES OF THE GOVERNMENT AND APPRAISE
THEIR IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
FILIPINO NATION
Internal Influences
• Survival
• Culture
• Economic Activities

Development of
External Influences Science and
• Foreign Colonizers Technology in the
• Trades with Foreign Philippines
Countries
• International
Economic Demands
Pre-Colonial Period
 use of certain plants and herbs as medicines
 implementation of systems of farming and animal
raising
 development of different modes of transportation
(terrestrial and maritime)
 rice terraces were built by hand
 Incorporation of an irrigation system that uses
water from the forest and mountain tops
 interpreted the movements of the heavenly
bodies to predict seasons and climates
 development of tools for everyday use
 developed technologies in creating musical
instruments
 sophisticateddesigns of jewellery,
ceramics and metal tools
 trading with China, Indonesia, Japan and
other neighboring countries
Colonial Period
Spaniards
 modern means of construction (walls, roads, bridges and
other large infrastructures)
 developed health and educations systems
 beginning of formal science and technology in the country
 Learning of science in school focuses on understanding
different concepts to the human body, plants, animals and
heavenly bodies.
 Technology focuses on using and developing house tools
used in everyday life.
Colonial Period
Spaniards
 The galleon trade allowed the trading of ideas, crops,
tools, cultural practice, technology and Western practices
to reach the contry.
Americans
 established a government agency , The Bureau of Science.
 establishes the public education system
 improved engineering works and health of people
 established a modern research university (UP)
 created more [public hospitals
 mineral resources were explored and exploited
 transportation and communication were improved
 researches were done to control tropical diseases (malaria, cholera and
TB)
Post-Colonial Period

 Continued to pursue programs in science and technology

 Ferdinand Marcos- PAGASA, The National Academy of
science and Technology, and the national Science and
technology Authority now the DOST
Development of Science and Technology
Policies in the Philippines

National Goals

International
Treaties SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
• POLICIES
Legal Frameworks • Programs
• Projects

Social Needs. Issues and

Problems
Policies and Programs
 1. Social Science, Humanities, Education,
Int’l Policies and Governance
 Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic
education w/o adding to the curriculum.
 Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
 Developing school infrastructure and
providing for ICT broadband.
 Local food security
 2.Physics, Engineering & Industrial
Research, Earth & Space Sciences, &
Mathematics
 Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and
employment opportunities
 Outright grants for peer monitoring
 Review of R.A. 9184
 Harnessing S&T as an independent mover
of development.
 3.Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical
Sciences
 Ensuring compliance of drug-
manufacturing firms with ASEAN-
harmonized standards by full
implementation of the FDA.
 Creating an education council dedicated to
standardization of pharmaceutical services
and care
 Empowering food and drug agencies to
conduct evidence-based research as pool of
information
 Allocating two percent (2%) of the GDP to
research
 Legislating a law supporting human genome
projects

(The work of the Human Genome Project has

allowed researchers to begin to understand the
blueprint for building a person. As researchers learn
more about the functions of genes and proteins, this
knowledge will have a major impact in the fields of
medicine, biotechnology, and the life sciences).
 4.Biological Sciences, Agriculture &
Forestry
 Protecting and conserving biodiversity by
full implementation of existing laws.
 Use of biosafety and standard model by
ASEAN countries
 Promoting indigenous knowledge systems
and indigenous people’s conservation
 Formulation of common food and safety
standards
Other existing Programs

 Providing funds for basic research and

patents to S&T.
 Providing scholarships for undergraduate
and graduate studies in the field of S&T
 Establishing more branches of the Phil.
Science HS System for training young
Filipinos in the field of S&T.
Other existing Programs

 Creating S&T parks to encourage academe and

industry partnership
 Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino
scientists abroad to come home and work in the
Phils. or conduct research and projects in
collaboration with Phil-based scientists.
 Developing S&T parks in academic campuses to
encourage academe and industry partnerships.
Other existing Programs

 Establishment of the Nat’l Science Complex &

Nat’l Engineering Complex w/in the UP campus
in Diliman. These aimed to develop more S&T &
Engineering manpower resources needed by the
country. They also aimed to produce more
researches in these fields.
Phil-American Academy of Science &
Engineering (PAASE, 2008)

 Establishment of national center of excellence

 Manpower and institutional development
programs, such as the Engineering and Science
Education Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD
graduates in Science and Engineering.
 Establishment of regional centers to support
industries that will lead the country in different
research and development areas
 Establishment of S&T business centers to assist,
advise, and incubate technopreneurship ventures
 Strengthen science education at an early stage
through the Phil. Science High School system
PICARI
 CHED launched the Phil.-California
Advanced Research Institutes Project to
allow several higher education institutions
in the Phils. and some US-based
laboratories, research institutes, and
universities to work on research and
projects related to science, agriculture,
engineering, health and technology.
Research & Projects
 Use of alternative and safe energy
 Harnessing mineral resources
 Finding cure for various diseases and
illnesses
 Climate change & global warming
 Increasing food production
 Preservation of natural resources
 Coping with natural disasters and calamities
 Infrastructure development
Laws related to S&T
 These laws are legal framework for S&T in the
country. They vary accdg. to different themes
such as: conservation, health-related, technology-
building, and supporting basic research. Some
laws and policies are in line with international
treaties such as the UN, UNESCO (United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization), ASEAN (Asso. Of Southeast Asian
Nations and other international agencies.
Famous Filipinos in the Field
of Science
 Ramon Cabanos Barba – tissue culture in Philippine
mangoes
 Josefino Cacas Comiso – observing the characteristics of
Antarctica using satellite images
 Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. – known internationally in the field of
electrical engineering
 Lourdes Jansuy Cruz – research on sea snail venom
 Fabian Millar Dayrit – research on herbal medicine
 Rafael Dineros Guerrero III – research on tilapia culture
 Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr. – inventing the meconium drugs
testing
 Lilian Formalejo Patena – research on plant biotechnology
 Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz – outstanding educator and graph
theorist
 Gregory Ligot Tangonan – research in the field of
communications technology
 Ceasar Saloma – internationally renowned physicist
 Edgardo gomez – famous scientist in marine science
 William Padolinao – chemistry & President of NAST
 Angel Alcala – marine science
Famous Schools of Science
 UP-Los BaÑos – science paradise of
agriculture, forestry, plant and animal
science, and veterinary science.
 UP – Visayas – national center for marine
science, fisheries, and other related
sciences.
 UP-Manila – center for excellence and has
produced many researchers, doctors, health
professionals and scientists in the area of
medical and public health.
Famous Schools of Science
 UP –Diliman – established a national
science and engineers in the country.
Factors that Influence the
Development of Filipino Scientists

Individual SCHOOL
SCIENCE
Interests in
SCIENCE
Science
LABORATORIE
S
Family
(TEACHERS & (REAL-LIFE
LEARNING CONTEXT)
Natural ENVIRONMENT
)
Environment
FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
Presidents of the Philippines
 Ferdinand E. Marcos 1965 – 1986
 Corazon C. Aquino 1986 – 1992
 Fidel V. Ramos 1992 – 1998
 Joseph E. Estrada 1998 – 2001
 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2001 – 2010
 Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III 2010 - 2016
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte Present
 Activity

 Make an album of the different Presidents of the

Philippines .
 Identify some achievements in the field of S&T under the
assigned administration and trace how they helped shape the
Phils. as a nation. Show your findings to class through a 10-
minute creative video presentation.
Research on • Filipino Great Men and Women and their
inventions.