Sustainable development SITE ANLYSIS

SITE ANLYSIS
CITY NAME : RAJKOT
CLIMATE : HOT AND DRY
LOTTITUDE:22° 18’
LOGITUDE :70° 47
MSL :138M
SITE ANLYSIS Site selection :

Project : Residencial building

Option 1 Option 3
The option 1 is located in the outskirts of the city. And it also Option 3 is in the city zonal and the area in surrounded by
not convinetent for the public transport and the land falls residencial buildings and has no vegetation and next to the
under the agricultural zone. there is no vegetation. area the industrial zone is located.

Option 2
Selected site
This site is located in the lodhika near to the Rajkot city and has the convinent to the public transport . And has all amenity needed to
the residential buildings. And it is also surrounded by some residencial zones. So this the most appropriate site for this project to
come up with.
SITE ANLYSIS LOCATION :

CITY BRIEF :
Rajkot is one of the most important districts of the
Saurashtra. The area falling under most of the district
was part of United States of Saurashtra. Rajkot district
lies between Latitude 20°30’ & 23°12’ North and 70°00’
& 71°45’ East. It is bounded by little Rann of Kachchh in
the north, Surendranagar district in the east, Jamnagar
district in the west and Junagadh and Amreli districts in
the south. Rajkot district comprises of 14 talukas, i.e.,
Rajkot, Kotada Sangani, Gondal, Jetpur, Dhoraji, Upleta,
Jamkandorna, Lodhika, Paddhari, Morvi, Maliya,
Wankaner, Jasdan and Tankara. Rajkot district has a
geographical area of about 11203 sq. km having 23
towns and 835 villages. The population of the district as
per Census 2011 is 37,99,770.
SITE ANLYSIS : climate :

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA RAJKOT CITY, GUJRAT STATE

The rajkot city is experiencing the more of the hot and arid climate. The seasons from march,april,may ,are of hot and
dry which is more influencing the city during the summers.december,january,february are having the comfort durtions
during the mid days and night times. The wet monsoon season from mid-june to october, when the city receives 670
millimetres or 26 inches of rain on average. The months from november to february are mild, the average temperature
being around 20 °c or 68 °f, with low humidity.
SITE ANLYSIS : climate :

The most important phenomena that is hiting is the

cyclone.thunderstorms are another important part of the rajkot
weather in the months of june and july. During summer time, the
temperature ranges between 24 and 42 °c (75.2 and 107.6 °f). In the
months of winter, rajkot temperature varies between 10 and 22 °c
(50.0 and 71.6 °f) but on a whole winters are pleasant. The variation
in annual temperature is around 11.1 °C | 19.9 °F. The month with
the highest number of rainy days is August (18.07 days). The month
with the lowest number of rainy days is January . In April the highest
number of daily hours of sunshine is measured in Rajkot on average.
In April there is an average of 10.99 hours of sunshine a day and a
total of 329.6 hours of sunshine throughout April. In January, the
lowest number of daily hours of sunshine is measured in Rajkot on
average.

Humidity during the monsoons varies and the month of june july
august and september experience more humidity as comparitively
to other seasons . Mornings are highly humid compared to evenings
in the monsoons.summers afternoons are high in tempreature too.
Monsoon has the have wind range from the coast of the gujrat area
which result into stroms and cyclones.monsoon season are are
having the overcast clouds. but during the summers the sky are
mostly clear or lightly clouded.during the end of the monsoon the
humity falls dwon and tempreture is gradually incresing in the
february , march ,april.

Winds are generally calm during december january and

feburary.buts monsoon have increased forces of winds upto
5.27m/s. They are more of an calm during end of the year and blows
from northeast and west. During summers the wind blows from the
southwest and west most of the time
SITE ANLYSIS RADIATION :
SITE ANLYSIS RADIATION :
SITE ANLYSIS SITE MATRIX :

MAY
JANUARY

NOVEMBER
AUGUST
SITE ANLYSIS topograpy:

COUNTOUR MAP OF SITE

SECTION OF THE COUNTOUR

The countour in the site is very negligible and is having

only 2 m diffrence from end to end point of the site
dimention.
SITE ANLYSIS STRATEGIES:

PASSIVE COOLING :
Passive cooling systems are least expensive means of cooling a
home which maximizes the efficiency of the building envelope
without any use of mechanical devices. All passive cooling
strategies rely on daily changes in temperature and relative
humidity.

 NATURAL VENTILATION :
Outdoor breezes create air movement through the house interior by
the 'push-pull' effect of positive air pressure on the windward side
and negative pressure (suction) on the leeward side. In order to have
a good natural ventilation, openings must be placed at opposite
pressure zones. Also, designers often choose to enhance natural
ventilation using tall spaces called stacks in buildings. With openings
near the top of stacks, warm air can escape whereas cooler air enters
the building from openings near the ground.

SHADING :
The most effective method of cooling a building is to shade
windows, walls and roof of building from direct solar radiation.
Heavily insulated walls and roofs need less shading.Can use
overhangs on outside facade of the building. 
SITE ANLYSIS STRATEGIES:

 COURTYARD EFFECT :
Due to incident solar radiation in a courtyard, the air gets warmer
and rises. Cool air from the ground level flows through the
louvered openings of rooms surrounding a courtyard, thus
producing air flow. At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by
convection and radiation. 

EVAPORATIVE COOLING
Evaporative cooling lowers indoor air temperature by evaporating
water. It is effective in hot and dry climate where the atmospheric
humidity is low. In evaporative cooling, the sensible heat of air is
used to evaporate water, thereby cooling the air, which, in turn,
cools the living space of the building. 

JALIS:
Jalis are a great replacement or accompaniment for
windows as they block off the glare but welcome the
much-needed filtered daylight without fully obstructing
the view outside.
SITE ANLYSIS ECOLOGY :

Rajkot
Rajkot is in central of Saurashtra plateau. Historically, this area was
known as land of grasslands and sparse thorn forests. Ungulates,
lesser carnivores and grasslands were the main fauna of the area.
The rain fall is poor; average about 552 mm, varying from 350 mm
to 700 mm. Temperature varies from about 10 0 C to 44 0 C. There
are 835 villages, nine nagar-palika and one Maha-nagar palika.

In 42 villages, 410,500 trees were counted in 39,598 ha. Prosopis

chilensis dominate in some areas such as Maliya and Morbi talukas.
Population of this species is highest, although they have poor
canopy formation. Exotic species- Israel baval has been planted in
panchayat lands, wastelands and road sides and dominated in the
area. This species is now not planted. In absence of its plantation
during the last decades and loss of old plantations due to
developments, its number has declined. Neem and Deshi baval
dominates area in term of biomass and tree cover. Other important
trees in this district are - Bordi, Pipal, Subaval, Jamfal and Nilgiri.
Number of fruit species like Jamfal and Limboo has increased.
SITE ANLYSIS ECOLOGY :

Gando baval was on top of the main tree species in 2003 and
continues to maintain position. Israel was on second position but
now slipped down to fifth position and may go out of the top ten list
in near future. Number of Neem has increased over two times and
not it occupies second position. Deshi baval maintained its third
position. Except Pipal and Neem, size of other tree species is poor
due to condition of soil - muramy. Unlike other parts of the state,
number of trees on farmland is less but it is very good in
departmental plantations. Tree cover in both urban and rural areas
is very poor.

Except Pipal and Neem, size of other tree species is poor due to
condition of soil - muramy. Unlike other parts of the state, number
of trees on farmland is less but it is very good in departmental
plantations. Tree cover in both urban and rural areas is very poor.
SITE ANLYSIS GEOLOGY :

Geomorphology and Soil Type Rajkot district is situated in the central part of Saurashtra peninsula. The northern part
of the district bordering the Rann of Kachchh and comprising mainly the Malia taluka, is monotonous alluvial plain
country. Towards south, i.e., in Morbi and Wankaner talukas, the topography is mainly rugged and undulating because
of the underlying sandstone formations. The topography in these parts in intersected by ridges form by sandstone and
intrusive dykes. Further south, the main underlying rock type is Deccan Trap basalt giving rise to rugged and rolling
topography intersected by ridges formed by the dykes. Some of these ridges are as high as 300m AMSL. The most
prominent ridge is situated along the northern boundary of the Bhadar River and runs along the basaltic dyke locally
known as Sardhar Dyke. The elevations range from almost sea level to more than 300 m AMSL. The highest point is 304
m located near Bhadala in the east-central part of the district.

The soils found in the district are mostly of Inceptisol and Entisol order
and of Othids, Ochrepts, Orthents, Fluvents, Psamments and Aquepts
suborder. In the northern most part of the district comprising Malia
taluka, the soils are sandy, loamy sand, clayey and silty type. They are
moderately deep (25 to 75 cm). The colour of the soils is dark
yellowish brown to very dark greyish brown. These soils are mostly
saline with EC more than 4.0 mmhos/cm and cation exchange capacity
of 20 to 40 me/10 gm of soil.

In the central part of the district comprising

Wankaner, Morvi, Paddhari, Lodhika, Jasdan,
Rajkot, Jam Kandorna and Kotada Sanghani
talukas, the soils are of clayey loam to clay type.
They are moderately deep to deep and vary in
colour from very dark brown to very dark
greyish brown and reddish brown. The EC of the
soils is generally less than 1.0 mmhos/cm and
cation exchange capacity is between 40 and 60
me/100 gm of soil.
SITE ANLYSIS HYDRO GEOLOGY :

Hydrogeology
Hydrogeologically the district can be broadly divided into three i.e
Dhrangadhra Sandstone of Cretaceous period, Deccan Trap basalt
and alluvium
Dhrangadhra Sandstone:
This is the oldest water bearing formations in the district. It
occupies about 1000 sq. km area in the north-eastern part
comprising parts of Wankaner and Morvi talukas in continuity with
the sandstone exposures in the adjoining Surendranagar district.
Few sandstone inliers are also seen within the overlying basalt.
The sandstone is poorly permeable in general but moderate to
high permeability may be observed along the bedding planes and
fractures. Exploratory drilling in this formation has revealed that
persistent carbonaceous shale; inter-bedded with medium to
coarse-grained sandstone, occur at depths varying between 83 and
220 m.
SITE ANLYSIS HYDROGEOLOGY :

Deccan Trap:
Deccan trap occupies a major part of the district (about 8850 sq. km) and forms the most important aquifer system.
It generally forms a poor aquifer due to compactness and poor primary porosity. However, the upper weathered
parts, which at places are up to 20 m thick, form good aquifer in the district. At deeper levels, the secondary porosity
developed as a result of tectonic activities, in the form of joints, and fractures, shear zones, form repository of
groundwater at many places. The dykes, particularly in the southern part of the district, play an important role in
occurrence and movement of groundwater. At places, the dykes are highly weathered and themselves form potential
aquifers. At other places where the dykes are more compact, they act as subsurface barrier for the groundwater flow
and well constructed upstream of these dykes have yield good yields.
Alluvium:
The fluvio-marine alluvium of Upper Tertiary to Quaternary age
occupy about 1200 sq. km area in the northern parts of district in
Malia and Morvi talukas It mainly consists of clay, clayey sand, silt
and gravel. The alluvium in the district generally forms a poor
aquifer due to predominance of argillaceous material. The
groundwater development in this formation is limited due to poor
quality. Groundwater in this formation occurs under phreatic and
confined conditions. It is exploited through dug wells ranging in
depth from 3 to 20 m. The yields of wells range between 20 and 80
m3/day.

Depth to Water Level

The depth to water level in the district ranges from 0.78 to
22.45mbgl during the pre monsoon period with 70% of the stations
showing water level less than 10m (Figure.2). Maliya village has
recorded the shallowest water level whereas the deepest water
level was recorded at Pedhla village. During the post monsoon
period the depth to water level ranged from 1.68mbgl at Morbi
village to 21.97mbgl at Pedhla village with about 85% of the station
showing water level less than 10m
SITE ANLYSIS UTILITY:

RESIDENCIAL AREA

AGRICULTURE AREA

RELIGIOUS AREA

RESIDENCES KUCHA SHELTERS

AGRICULTURE LAND

RESIDENCES
SITE ANLYSIS FACILITIES :

The area coved in the 500m of diameter has all the residence zone and has the agriculture land on other side. Public
facilities are quite far from the site . the stop is located near by the location. The main in the khavadi and rajkot road the
site is located in the lodhaki taluka of the rajkot .

1000M DIA

500M DIA
SITE ANLYSIS CULTURE :

The city of Rajkot is a flourishing, colourful and traditional one, ripe

with multicultural diversity. With strong influences borne of cultural
traditions and vast heritage, Rajkot has an amalgamation of many
religions – Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Strongly
influenced by the cultures shared with members of the society and
passed on from one generation to the next, the people of Rajkot
share cultural traits with the remaining state of Gujarat as well. The
fourth largest city of the state, numerous festivals are celebrated
here with aplomb. A place that expertly mixes modernity with
tradition, the architecture of this city is depicted by a number of
historical monuments and structures which show modern day
sophistication and new, modern forms of construction.

The people of the city of Rajkot belong to a variety of religions and

cultures – however, despite their varied origins, they live
harmoniously and function as a community. The citizens are
predominantly vegetarians, owing to strong influences from the
Hindu and Jain culture. One can find many languages in this
multicultural abode of a city, namely Hindi, Gujarati, English, Urdu,
Sindhi, Tamil, Maratha, Bengali, Malayalam. Of these, however,
Urdu, Gujarati, English and Sindhi are the predominantly spoken
languages. Gujarati in itself has over eleven different dialects, most
of which are spoken in Rajkot.
 TRADITION ARCHITECTURE:
SITE ANLYSIS

SETTLEMENT PATTERN
A habitat in a tropical climatic region is a composition of open, semi
open and enclosed spaces interwoven together forming the public
and private realm- collectively called „built form‟ or „built
environment‟. The beliefs, religion, climate, materials, social
structures, and economy of the people of that place shape the living
pattern and the habitat. Conversely the habitat and lifestyle reflects
the behaviour, social set up, economy as also the deep-rooted
traditions and the aspirations of the people. It also has numerous
public buildings, houses, palaces, temples, mosques, memorial
chattris and step wells, built in stone displaying the crafts skill as
graceful as wood work. The carved sandstone gadkhi (lamp niche near
the door and window head), door and window lintels are elaborately
adorned giving a strong consistent character to the house facades and
to the street wall – forming a seamless streetscape. In Kutch region
two distinct architectural typologies (type of buildings) are evolved
due to different climatic, social and economical conditions within the
religion. The centre, western and southern coastal area with hot and
humid climate has long row type houses with narrow streets network
and dense population. These are traditional villages and people are
involved in trading, handicrafts and agriculture. The other settlements
in northern desert of banni area with hot and dry climate and some
parts in the southern coastal desert are resided by the nomadic and
semi nomadic pastoral communities in a humane habitat of
stunningly beautiful circular mud and thatch houses.
 TRADITION ARCHITECTURE:
SITE ANLYSIS

To understand a particular place and its people we have to

understand the history, origin, living patterns, geography, visual
expressions and the built environment. The culture of a society is
manifested in various ways. The traditional architecture forms the
backbone of social and cultural set up of the place. It is essential for
this architecture to retain its integrity. It commands deep interest
and respect as it represents and reveals the many faceted realities
of the people living there. In the Traditional architecture, buildings
were designed to achieve human comfort by using locally available
building materials and construction techniques which were more
responsive to their climatic and geographic conditions. Learning
from traditional wisdom of previous generations through the lessons
of traditional building can be very powerful tool for improving the
buildings of the future.

Kutchha Houses
These houses essentially made from organic renewable resources
such as mud, grass, cow dung cane etc. The plinth and the
foundation consists of consolidated earth with stone and bamboo
posts, the walls consists of mud wall, split grass, earth, cane etc.,
and the roof is thatched, made of wheat or maize straws. The
„Kutchha houses‟ have got common forms in Kutch region due to
microclimate different and cultural beliefs. The Bhonga is a
traditional construction type in the Kutch district of the Gujarat state
in India, which has a very high earthquake risk. A Bhonga consists of
a single cylindrically shaped room. The Bhonga has a conical roof
supported by cylindrical walls. Bhonga construction has existed for
several hundred years. This type of house is quite durable and
appropriate for prevalent desert conditions. Due to its robustness
against natural hazards as well as its pleasant aesthetics, this
housing is also known as "Architecture without Architects."
 VERNECULAR ARCHITECTUR
SITE ANLYSIS

What is Bhonga?
The Bhonga is a traditional construction type in the Kutch district of
the Gujarat state in India, which has a very high earthquake risk. A
Bhonga consists of a single cylindrically shaped room. The Bhonga has
a conical roof supported by cylindrical walls. Bhonga construction has
existed for several hundred years. This type of house is quite durable
and appropriate for prevalent desert conditions.
Earthquake resistant Bhunga house type in the Kutch district of
Gujarat is also known as ‘ Architecture without Architect ‘. The typical
It is amazing to see the adaptation of the people in
traditional dwelling of the Kutch region; the Bhungas, have withstood difficult climatic conditions of the desert, living in
many earthquakes through the years, because of their circular form, harmony with the surroundings. Their lifestyle
which is good in resisting lateral forces of an earthquake. A Bhunga shows a beautiful integration of climate, living
typically consists of a single cylindrically shaped room. It has a conical patterns, crafts and architecture. From the circular
roof supported by cylindrical walls. Apart from being visually mud and thatch to clay decoration, the colourful
attractive and earthquake resistant, these houses are also extremely embroidered dresses to printed textiles, pottery to
heat resistant to adapt to the severe desert temperature. The round stonework, woodwork to silver jewellery express
exquisite workmanship and aesthetic sense in
forms help reduce exposure to heat and are also resistant to high-
creating their living environment.
velocity desert winds, the thick mud walls help to provide insulation
against the external environment.
SITE ANLYSIS URBAN CONTEXT :

Land use (LU)/Land cover (LC) Infiltration of rain fall depends on the
land use pattern of the area. Land use map was prepared with the
help of Google Earth and Landsat images. It is very well known that
area covered by vegetation increases infiltration, whereas roads and
concrete pavement and buildings reduces infiltration. In the study
area LU/LC map was prepared and classified into seven classes
namely Forest, Agriculture, Grazing land, Built up, Wastelands and
water bodies
Rajkot is strategically located in the centre of Suarashtra Region in
the Aji basin. Rajkot is spread on both banks of Aji River which cuts
through the city. The city is well connected not only to major towns
within the state but also to neighboring states through strong
transportation linkages all by rail, and road.
The notified Rajkot Urban Development Area is carved out of the
one district and 5 talukas -Rajkot, Padadhari, lodika, kotdasangani
and Tankara from Rajkot District. RUDA is surrounded by the other
small villages form other talukas.
Within a periphery Form the boundary of RUDA there are 3 urban
centers (Municipalities) namely Jamnagar in the north westerns
part, Bhavagar to the southeast and Junagadh in the east.
SITE ANLYSIS BYELAWS :

Energy Efficient Buildings

Any owner or developer, construct an Energy Efficient Buildings and
produce a certificate from GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated
Habitat Assessment) or any other Government recognized Institute,
showing the rating for the building, According to that rating
certificate, The Competent Authority shall offer some incentives in
the rate of chargeable FSI for the energy efficient buildings (Green
Building) as 5% discount in the total payable amount. Owner shall
have to apply prior to commencement of the project to GRIHA for
the rating certificate and registration.
SITE ANLYSIS BYELAWS:

Rain water Harvesting

Rain water harvesting is mandatory for all buildings with ground coverage 80 sq.mts and above. The system of
storm water drainage and storage in reservoirs and recharge should conform to one of the following specifications:
a. For Buildings with ground coverage above 80 sq.mts and below 500sq.mts: Percolation Pit or Bore Recharge
shall be provided in the marginal space around the building. Such pits shall be filled with small pebbles, brick
jelly or river sand and covered with perforated concrete slabs as illustrated below
b. b. For Buildings with building-unit area above 500sq.mts and up to 1500 sq.mts: Percolating Well with Rain
Water Harvesting System shall be provided as illustrated below (up to ground First River)
c. For Buildings with building-unit area above 1500 sq.mts and up to 4000 sq.mts: Percolating Well with Rain
Water Harvesting System shall be provided for every 4000sq.mts as illustrated above (up to ground Second
River).

d. d. For Buildings with building-unit area above 4000 sq.mts: One Percolating Well shall be provided as per
Regulation 27.2.2(d) for every 4000sq.mts land area. As an alternative to providing multiple percolating wells,
a Water Retention Pond with minimum capacity of 300,000 liters with a percolating well for every five
percolating wells or part thereof shall be permitted as an alternative.