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    Mechanics Arts 2012

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    Al Mahmud
    The document discusses Sir Isaac Newton's contributions including his laws of motion, universal law of gravity, verification of Kepler’s laws of motion, and important work in optics and mathematics. It then provides examples and problems demonstrating applications of Newton's laws of motion, gravity, and Archimedes' principle.

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    Mechanics Arts 2012

    Uploaded by

    Al Mahmud
    8 views21 pages
    The document discusses Sir Isaac Newton's contributions including his laws of motion, universal law of gravity, verification of Kepler’s laws of motion, and important work in optics and mathematics. It then provides examples and problems demonstrating applications of Newton's laws of motion, gravity, and Archimedes' principle.

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    The document discusses Sir Isaac Newton's contributions including his laws of motion, universal law of gravity, verification of Kepler’s laws of motion, and important work in optics and mathematics. It then provides examples and problems demonstrating applications of Newton's laws of motion, gravity, and Archimedes' principle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    8 views21 pages

    Mechanics Arts 2012

    Uploaded by

    Al Mahmud
    The document discusses Sir Isaac Newton's contributions including his laws of motion, universal law of gravity, verification of Kepler’s laws of motion, and important work in optics and mathematics. It then provides examples and problems demonstrating applications of Newton's laws of motion, gravity, and Archimedes' principle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Mechanics

    Sir Isaac Newton

    December 25, 1643 – March 20, 1727


    Contributions of
    Sir Isaac Newton

    • Laws of motion

    • Universal law of Gravity

    • Verification of Kepler’s law of motion

    • Build first practical telescope

    • Important contribution to optics: prism

    • Important inputs to Mathematics


    First: Law of Inertia

    An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced


    force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in
    the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

    All objects resist changes in their state of motion


    Second: Force and Acceleration

    The time-rate-of-change of momentum is propotional


    to the force
    d
    F= ( mv )
    dt
    F=ma
    Third: Action and Reaction

    For every action there is an equal and opposit reaction


    Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated
    bodies

    (1) v = u + at

    (1) s = ut + 1/2(at2)

    (1) v2 = u2 + 2as

    Ch3: Concepts of Physics by H.C.Verma


    Ch2: Physics for Engineers and Scientists by Ohanian
    A jet plane starts from rest with an acceleration
    of 3ms-2 and makes a run for 35s before taking
    off. What is the minimum length of runway and
    what is the velocity of the jet at take off?
    Minimum length of the runway is given by
    u = 0, a = 3ms-2, t = 35s

    s = ut + 1/2(at2)
    = 0 + 0.5*3*(35)2 = 1837.5 m

    Velocity of the jet at take off is


    v = u + at
    = 0 + 3*35 = 105 ms-1
    A car is moving along a straight highway with a
    speed of 35 ms-1 is brought to stop within a distance
    of 200m. What is the retardation of the car
    (assumed uniform), and how long does it take for
    the car to stop?
    Minimum length of the runway is given by
    u=35 ms-1, v=0, s=200m

    v2-u2=2as
    0-(35)2=2a*(200)
    a= - 3.06 ms-2

    Required time
    v=u+at
    0=35-3.06t = 11.43s
    Motion under Gravity

    (1) v = u + gt

    (2) s = ut + 1/2(gt2)

    (3) v2 = u2 + 2gs
    A ball thrown up is caught by the thrower after 4s. How
    high did it go and with what velocity it was thrown?
    time of ascent = time of descent=4/2=2s

    u=?, v=0, t=2s, g= -9.8 ms-2

    v=u - gt

    u=19.6 ms-1

    v2 = u2 - 2gs

    0 = (19.6)2 – 2(9.8)s
    Universal Law of Gravity
    Universal Law of Gravity

    “every particle of matter in the universe attracts


    every other particle with a force which is directly
    propotional to the product of their masses and
    inversely propotional to the square of the distance
    between them” - Newton (Principia, 1687)
    M m

    F = (GMm)/r2

    G= 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2kg-2


    Problem 1: Calculate the force between you and your
    friend who is sitting 1 meter apart from you.

    Problem 2: Calculate the force between the Sun and


    the earth. (Ms=2*1030 kg, ME=6*1024 kg, RSE=1.49*108 km)

    Problem 3: Compare above two results.


    Archimedes' Principle

    Archimedes' principle states that the apparent loss


    in weight of a body that is totally or partially
    immersed in a liquid is equal to the weight of the
    liquid displaced.
    Archimedes supposedly formulated this principle
    after stepping into a bath and watching it overflow.
    According to legend, he became so excited that he
    ran out into the street naked shouting "Eureka!
    Eureka" ("I've found it! I've found it!")

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