Python Object and

Data Structure Basics

Basic Data Types
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● In this section of the course we will cover the key data

types in Python.
● These are your basic building blocks when
constructing larger pieces of code.
● Let’s quickly discuss all of the possible data types,
then we’ll have lectures that go into more detail about
each one!
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp
Name Type Description

Integers int Whole numbers, such as: 3 300 200

Floating point float Numbers with a decimal point: 2.3 4.6 100.0

Strings str Ordered sequence of characters: "hello" 'Sammy' "2000" " 楽しい "

Lists list Ordered sequence of objects: [10,"hello",200.3]

Dictionaries dict Unordered Key:Value pairs: {"mykey" : "value" , "name" : "Frankie"}

Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects: (10,"hello",200.3)

Sets set Unordered collection of unique objects: {"a","b"}

Booleans bool Logical value indicating True or False

Let’s get started!
Numbers
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● There are two main number types we will work with:

○ Integers which are whole numbers.
○ Floating Point numbers which are numbers with
a decimal.
● Let’s explore basic math with Python!
● We will also discuss how to create variables and
assign them values.
Variable Assignments
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● We just saw how to work with numbers, but what do

these numbers represent?
● It would be nice to assign these data types a variable
name to easily reference them later on in our code!
● For example:
○ my_dogs = 2
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Rules for variable names

○ Names can not start with a number.
○ There can be no spaces in the name, use _ instead.
○ Can't use any of these symbols :'",<>/?|\()!@#$
%^&*~-+
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Rules for variable names

○ It's considered best practice (PEP8) that names are
lowercase.
○ Avoid using words that have special meaning in
Python like "list" and "str"
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Python uses Dynamic Typing

● This means you can reassign variables to different data
types.
● This makes Python very flexible in assigning data
types, this is different than other languages that are
“Statically-Typed”
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

my_dogs = 2

my_dogs = [ “Sammy” , “Frankie” ]

This is okay in
Python!
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

my_dogs = 2

my_dogs = [ “Sammy” , “Frankie” ]

ERROR
in other
Languages!
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

int my_dog = 1;

my_dog = “Sammy” ; //RESULTS IN ERROR

Example of Static Typing

(C++)
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Pros of Dynamic Typing:

○ Very easy to work with
○ Faster development time
● Cons of Dynamic Typing:
○ May result in bugs for unexpected data types!
○ You need to be aware of type()
Let’s explore these concepts!
Strings
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Strings are sequences of characters, using the syntax of

either single quotes or double quotes:
○ 'hello'
○ "Hello"
○ " I don't do that "
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Because strings are ordered sequences it means we

can using indexing and slicing to grab sub-sections of
the string.
● Indexing notation uses [ ] notation after the string (or
variable assigned the string).
● Indexing allows you to grab a single character from the
string...
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● These actions use [ ] square brackets and a number

index to indicate positions of what you wish to grab.
Character : h e l l o
Index : 0 1 2 3 4
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● These actions use [ ] square brackets and a number

index to indicate positions of what you wish to grab.
Character : h e l l o
Index : 0 1 2 3 4
Reverse Index: 0 -4 -3 -2 -1
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Slicing allows you to grab a subsection of multiple

characters, a “slice” of the string.
● This has the following syntax:
○ [start:stop:step]
● start is a numerical index for the slice start
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Slicing allows you to grab a subsection of multiple

characters, a “slice” of the string.
● This has the following syntax:
○ [start:stop:step]
● start is a numerical index for the slice start
● stop is the index you will go up to (but not include)
● step is the size of the “jump” you take.
Let’s explore these concepts!
String Indexing
and Slicing
String Properties
and Methods
String Formatting
for Printing
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Often you will want to “inject” a variable into your

string for printing. For example:
○ my_name = “Jose”
○ print(“Hello ” + my_name)
● There are multiple ways to format strings for printing
variables in them.
● This is known as string interpolation.
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Let’s explore two methods for this:

○ .format() method
○ f-strings (formatted string literals)
Lists
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Lists are ordered sequences that can hold a variety of

object types.
● They use [] brackets and commas to separate objects in
the list.
○ [1,2,3,4,5]
● Lists support indexing and slicing. Lists can be nested
and also have a variety of useful methods that can be
called off of them.
Dictionaries
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Dictionaries are unordered mappings for storing

objects. Previously we saw how lists store objects in an
ordered sequence, dictionaries use a key-value pairing
instead.
● This key-value pair allows users to quickly grab
objects without needing to know an index location.
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Dictionaries use curly braces and colons to signify the

keys and their associated values.
{'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
● So when to choose a list and when to choose a
dictionary?
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Dictionaries: Objects retrieved by key name.

Unordered and can not be sorted.
● Lists: Objects retrieved by location.
Ordered Sequence can be indexed or sliced.
Tuples
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

Tuples are very similar to lists. However they have one

key difference - immutability.
Once an element is inside a tuple, it can not be reassigned.
Tuples use parenthesis: (1,2,3)
Sets
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

Sets are unordered collections of unique elements.

Meaning there can only be one representative of the same
object.
Let’s see some examples!
Booleans
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

Booleans are operators that allow you to convey True or

False statements.
These are very important later on when we deal with
control flow and logic!
Files
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

Before we finish this section, let’s quickly go over how to

perform simple I/O with basic .txt files.
We’ll also discuss file paths on your computer.
Let’s get started!
 Objects and
Data Structures
Assessment Test
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

Let’s have a quick overview of your first test.

You can download the notebooks from GitHub or as a zip
file from the Course Overview Lecture.
 Objects and
Data Structures
Assessment Test
SOLUTIONS
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Numbers: Store numerical information and come in

two forms:
○ Integers - Whole Numbers
○ Floating Point - Numbers with a decimal
 Complete Python 3 Bootcamp

● Strings: Ordered sequence of characters

● Lists: Ordered sequence of objects (mutable)
● Tuples: Ordered sequence of objects (immutable)
● Dictionary: Key-Value pairing that is unordered.
Python Documentation