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Prototyping: Teaching Materials To Accompany

This document discusses prototyping in product design and development. It outlines four uses of prototypes: learning, communication, integration, and milestones. It describes different types of prototypes including physical vs analytical and focused vs comprehensive. Methods of rapid prototyping and virtual prototyping are also covered. The key goals of prototyping are to reduce uncertainty and choose the right timing and forms of prototypes in the development process.

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42 views16 pages

Prototyping: Teaching Materials To Accompany

This document discusses prototyping in product design and development. It outlines four uses of prototypes: learning, communication, integration, and milestones. It describes different types of prototypes including physical vs analytical and focused vs comprehensive. Methods of rapid prototyping and virtual prototyping are also covered. The key goals of prototyping are to reduce uncertainty and choose the right timing and forms of prototypes in the development process.

Uploaded by

arpanapu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prototyping

Teaching materials to accompany:


Product Design and Development
Chapter 12
Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D.Eppinger
2nd Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Product Design and Development
Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D.Eppinger
2nd edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Chapter Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Development Processes and Organizations
3. Product Planning
4. Identifying Customer Needs
5. Product Specifications
6. Concept Generation
7. Concept Selection
8. Concept Testing
9. Product Architecture
10. Industrial Design
11. Design for Manufacturing
12. Prototyping
13. Product Development Economics
14. Managing Projects
Product Development Process
Concept Development Process
Prototyping Example:
Apple PowerBook Duo Trackball
Four Uses of Prototypes
• Learning
– answering questions about performance or feasibility
– e.g., proof-of-concept model
• Communication
– demonstration of product for feedback
– e.g., 3D physical models of style or function
• Integration
– combination of sub-systems into system model
– e.g., alpha or beta test models
• Milestones
– goal for development team’s schedule
– e.g., first testable hardware
Types of Prototypes
Physical vs. Analytical
Prototypes
Physical Prototypes Analytical Prototypes
• Tangible approximation of • Mathematical model of the product.

the product. • Can only exhibit behavior arising


• May exhibit unmodeled from explicitly modeled
behavior. phenomena. (However, behavior
• Some behavior may be an
is not always anticipated.
artifact of the • Some behavior may be an artifact
approximation. of the analytical method.
• Often best for
• Often allow more experimental
communication.
freedom than physical models.
Focused vs. Comprehensive Prototypes

Focused Prototypes Comprehensive Prototypes


• Implement one or a few • Implement many or all
attributes of the product. attributes of the product.
• Answer specific • Offer opportunities for
questions about the rigorous testing.
product design. • Often best for milestones
• Generally several are and integration.
required.
Boeing 777 Testing
Brakes Test
• Minimum rotor thickness
• Maximum takeoff weight
• Maximum runway speed
• Will the brakes ignite?
Wing Test
• Maximum loading
• When will it break?
• Where will it break?
Comprehensive Prototypes
Prototyping Strategy
• Use prototypes to reduce uncertainty.
• Make models with a defined purpose.
• Consider multiple forms of prototypes.
• Choose the timing of prototype cycles.
– Many early models are used to validate
concepts.
– Relatively few comprehensive models are
necessary to test integration.
• Plan time to learn from prototype cycles.
– Avoid the “hardware swamp”.
Rapid Prototyping Methods
• Most of these methods are additive, rather
than subtractive, processes.
• Build parts in layers based on CAD model.
• SLA=Stereolithogrpahy Apparatus
• SLS=Selective Laser Sintering
• 3D Printing
• LOM=Laminated Object Manufacturing
• Others every year..
Virtual Prototyping
• 3D CAD models enable many kinds of
analysis:
– Fit and assembly
– Manufacturability
– Form and style
– Kinematics
– Finite element analysis (stress, thermal)
– Crash testing
– more every year...
BMW Virtual Crash Test
Traditional Prototyping Methods

• CNC machining
• Rubber molding + urethane casting

• Materials: wood, foam, plastics, etc.


• Model making requires special skills.

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