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Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person 1St Semester SY 2021-2022

This document provides an introduction to a philosophy of the human person course for the first semester of 2021-2022. It outlines classroom rules focusing on maintaining positive vibes and respect for others' perspectives. It also discusses self-rules like using the Canvas platform and challenging oneself. The first week's lesson defines a paradigm shift and discusses the differences between philosophy and science, with philosophy taking a more holistic perspective. It also covers Gabriel Marcel's primary and secondary reflection and Plato's Allegory of the Cave. Finally, it defines philosophy etymologically and historically as the love of wisdom.

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Jhener Nonesa
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293 views25 pages

Introduction To The Philosophy of The Human Person 1St Semester SY 2021-2022

This document provides an introduction to a philosophy of the human person course for the first semester of 2021-2022. It outlines classroom rules focusing on maintaining positive vibes and respect for others' perspectives. It also discusses self-rules like using the Canvas platform and challenging oneself. The first week's lesson defines a paradigm shift and discusses the differences between philosophy and science, with philosophy taking a more holistic perspective. It also covers Gabriel Marcel's primary and secondary reflection and Plato's Allegory of the Cave. Finally, it defines philosophy etymologically and historically as the love of wisdom.

Uploaded by

Jhener Nonesa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO THE

PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
1ST SEMESTER
SY 2021-2022

Prepared by: Sir Jhener


Classroom Rules

Keep the vibes alive.


Unmute your microphone if you want to say something
Provide harmonious relationship between your classmates
Attendance is recorded before the class start
Late comer is welcome, provided that it’s not your intention.
Self Rules
Canvas is our primary source of quiz, assignments , major exams and
performance task.

Relate yourself in true to life experiences.

Elaborate your thoughts it may cause a good arguments.

Ask question to your classmates wisdom comes within us.

Try to challenge yourself.

Express your thoughts and give respect to others perspective.


WEEK 1
Lesson 1
What is paradigm shift?

an important change that happens when the


usual way of thinking about or doing something
is replaced by a new and different way

-https://www.merriam-webster.com
1. SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY
Humans have sense experiences. Sense
experiences refer to our sense of sight, hearing,
taste, touch and smell. But Sense perception is
limited. And with this our senses can be
deceived and therefore not reliable. We have to
go beyond our senses in order to see the whole
reality. Philosophy is the one that can see the
holistic perspective of life.
The purpose of philosophy is to have a
picture of the whole universe, that is, to
have a complete worldview. Philosophy
is different from science since science
emphasizes only on a particular aspect of
the reality.
 
Science is the empirical study of the world. Scientific
knowledge covers a very small part of the world.
Science is investigative. It must investigate. This means
it is able to describe the facts. It gives us knowledge of
the facts. It must observe or get new data. The scientist
cannot tell us what man’s duties are, what is right and
what is wrong. In short, science cannot solve an
ethical problem.  Science looks at reality partially.
2. GABRIEL MARCEL’S PRIMARY REFLECTION AND SECONDARY REFLECTION

Philosophy is reflective. We reflect based on our own experiences. Our


experiences become rich when we reflect on them, and share them to others. How
does science look at man? Science looks at man, only on its material point of view
Primary Reflection Secondary Reflection
Primary Reflection sees Secondary Reflection, we have to
people not as a person but go beyond the usual customary
someone associated with experience of the phenomenon, the
body is which I have a conscious
predicates. Like for example, concrete experience of. Secondary
I see Naomi as a “beautiful reflection escapes analysis. This is
History teacher”, but the what we mean by having a holistic
predicate is not her whole perspective of man.
being but a part of who she
is.
PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

 The sun is analogically seen as the source of


wisdom and knowledge.

 The cave is the imprisonment of man in


ignorance and deception.
Click icon to add picture
Plato’s "Allegory of the Cave" 

is a concept devised by the philosopher to ruminate on the nature


of belief versus knowledge. The allegory states that there exists
prisoners chained together in a cave.

 Behind the prisoners is a fire, and between the fire and the
prisoners are people carrying puppets or other objects.

 This casts a shadow on the other side of the wall. The


prisoners watch these shadows, believing them to be
real.

 Plato posits that one prisoner could become free. He


finally sees the fire and realizes the shadows are fake.
This prisoner could escape from the cave and discover
there is a whole new world outside that they were
previously unaware of.
This prisoner would believe the outside world is so much
more real than that in the cave. He would try to return to free
the other prisoners. Upon his return, he is blinded because his
eyes are not accustomed to actual sunlight. The chained
prisoners would see this blindness and believe they will be
harmed if they try to leave the cave.

That is why, it has been said, that truth is freedom, and that is,
truth will set us free. It is when we are able to see the holistic
perspective of life that we will be able to find freedom, that we
will be able to be free.
The “WHAT” of PHILOSOPHY
Etymological Definition of Philosophy.

Philosophy comes from the Greek


word Philo and Sophia. 

Philo means Love. 
Sophia means Wisdom.

Combining the two words, we have love for wisdom.

Philosophers are said to be lovers of wisdom. It was invented


by Pythagoras.
Historical Definition of Philosophy

While Pythagoras was watching the Olympic Games inside an amphitheater, he noticed three groups of people. 

The first group went to the Olympic Games to make money and
gain profit by selling their goods inside. They were the “lovers
of gain or pleasure.” 

The second group of people was there to play games, to win, to


compete, to fight in order to win honor, prestige and fame.
Pythagoras called them the “lovers of fame.” These are athletes
as well as the politicians. 

The third group went there to watch the games and be thrilled
by the events unfolding. Pythagoras called them the “lovers of
Spectacle.” These are the audience, the viewers, the observers
as well as the game analysts.
Pythagoras performed the activity of philosophizing:

According to him, there were also three types of people


in real life. There were those who live life with one
aim, to become rich and wealthy. There were those
whose lives were lived only for the purpose of
becoming famous.  But there were also those people
which are just a minority, who live life not to become
rich or famous, but who live life with one purpose in
mind: to understand and reflect what life is really all
about, that is, to love wisdom.
This love for wisdom is very evident in Socrates’ life. He chose to die for the
sake of that love. He was accused of poisoning the minds of young people in
Athens simply because of that infinite love and desire for truth, for
knowledge.

 “I know that I do not know”… the key is not the


arrogance of thinking that we  know
everything, 

As the Socratic motto states: “AN unexamined


life is not worth living.” No one can become a
true philosopher without first examining one’s
life.
Lexical Definition of Philosophy. 
Lexical definition is a definition coming from the dictionary. Using a standard dictionary,
Philosophy is to be defined as something like this: “Philosophy is the study of the ultimate
reality, causes and principles underlying being acquired through the use of human reason
alone”.
GENERAL QUESTIONS IN PHILOSOPHY:
Epistemology or Theory of
Philosophy of Religion: Ethics or Moral Philosophy:
Knowledge:
• Are we free?
• Is there a God? • Are our actions already
• What reasons are there to believe • What is knowledge?
in God? • Can we know? determined? Do we have
• Can we prove or disprove God’s • What is it to know? free will?
existence? • How can we know? • What is right? What is
wrong?

Philosophy of Art or Aesthetics: Rational Psychology or Philosophy of Man or Philosophical


• What is beauty? Anthropology:
• What is man? Who is man?
• Is man only his body or is man his soul?
• What is a good life? What is happiness?
• Does life make sense?
• What is the meaning of life?
Philosophy is reflective, and reflections arise from our experiences.
Human activities are very different from animal activities. Animals
are not capable of doing reflections. They do not have awareness
of themselves. They are not considered as “subjects”. They do not
have an “I”.

“I” means being self-conscious and self- aware. As humans, we


have the capacity to become aware and conscious of our human
daily activities. This is what Philosophy is all about. And this is
what makes us humans. Unfortunately, many people nowadays
have no time to think and reflect on their experiences. They were
busy on their work. Reflection is simply giving time to think, by
stopping what one is doing like work, and reflection is personal,
because nobody can do it for you.

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