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Thermodynamics-I (ME 231) : Fall 2021

Thermodynamics-I (ME 231) is taught in the Fall 2021 semester. The course is an introduction to thermodynamics taught by Dr. Ahmad Abbas. It will cover topics such as the basic concepts, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties, and energy analysis of closed and open systems. The textbook is Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach by Yunus Cengel. The course aims to help students understand and apply the fundamentals of thermodynamics.

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Moiz Taha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100 views

Thermodynamics-I (ME 231) : Fall 2021

Thermodynamics-I (ME 231) is taught in the Fall 2021 semester. The course is an introduction to thermodynamics taught by Dr. Ahmad Abbas. It will cover topics such as the basic concepts, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties, and energy analysis of closed and open systems. The textbook is Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach by Yunus Cengel. The course aims to help students understand and apply the fundamentals of thermodynamics.

Uploaded by

Moiz Taha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermodynamics-I (ME 231)

Fall 2021

Lecture 1
Chapter 1: Introduction
Instructor: Dr. Ahmad Abbas

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering


Instructor’s Profile Summary

Ahmad Abbas
Education
PhD in Mechanical Engineering
GIK Institute of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Topi.

MS in Mechanical Engineering
GIK Institute of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Topi.

BSc in Mechanical Engineering


University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar.

Research Interest
Thermo-Fluids, Enhanced heat transfer, Computational mechanics
(ANSYS, CFD)

2
Course Contents (Pre-Mid Term)
I. Introduction & Basic Concepts
Thermodynamics, system and boundary, specific volume, Pressure and
Temperature, Methods to solve thermodynamics problems

II. Energy & First law of thermodynamics


Forms of energy, Understanding Work and Energy, Energy balance of
system,

III.Thermodynamic Properties Evaluation


Phase and pure substance, p-v-T relation, Evaluating pressure, specific
volume, temperature, enthalpy and internal energy,

IV. Energy Analysis of Closed System


Introduction of specific heats, compressibility, evaluating properties using
ideal gas law

3
Course Contents (Post-Mid Term)
V. Control Volume Analysis using Energy
Conservation of mass for control volume, forms and applications of mass
rate balance, Conservation of energy for control volume, Applications to
Nozzles, diffusers, turbines, compressors and pumps, Throttling devices

VI. Second Law of Thermodynamics


Introduction and statements of second law, Irreversible and reversible
process, Interpreting Kelvin-Plank statement, Aspects of Power,
refrigeration and heat pump cycles in terms of second law, Carnot cycle,
Calusius inequality

VII. Using Entropy


Entropy and its evaluation, T-ds equation, Entropy change in an
irreversible process, Entropy rate balance of closed systems and control
volumes, Directionality of processes, Isentropic processes and efficiencies
of nuzzles, compressors, pumps
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Course Material
I. Textbook
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 8th Edition (SI Units), (2014),
By
Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles

II. Reference Books


Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 7th Edition, (2011),
By
Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, Daisie D. Boettner, Margaret B. Bailey

Introduction of Thermodynamics: Classical & Statistical, 3rd Edition, (1991)


by
Sonntag and Van Wylen

III. Lecture Handouts


PPT slides available at \\10.1.17.20\Abbas\ThermodynamicsI

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Course Learning Objectives & Outcomes
FME ME 231 Thermodynamics I (3 CH)
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
Learning Level
CLO # CLO Statement PLO

Able to illustrate the basic concepts of thermodynamics and its C3


CLO1 application in various industrial components. PLO1 (Application)
WK3
Able to identify, formulate thermodynamic properties of open and C4 (Analysis)
CLO2 closed system by using laws of thermodynamics. PLO2
WK4
Able to determine the feasibility of systems and their impact on C3
CLO3 environment using the laws of thermodynamics. PLO7 (Application)
WK3
Able to analyze closed and open systems using energy and entropy
balance using analytical and computational tool. (only for ME C4 (Analysis)
CLO4 students) PLO5
WK4

CLO: Course Learning Outcome


PLO: Program Learning Outcome
C: Cognitive Learning Level 6
Grading Policy
Quizzes: 10%
Assignment Sessions: 15%
Complex Engineering Problem 10%
Mid Exam: 25%
Final Exam: 40%
Attendance Policy
• 80% attendance is mandatory to appear in final exam.
• After 3 mins of start of class, no attendance will be marked.
• Institute leave policy will be followed.
• Re-take of quizzes/assignment session is not allowed.
7
Time-Table (Fall 2021)

Time-table for Online Classes only

Days Section D Section E


Monday 10:40 10:40
Tuesday -- --
Wednesday -- --
Thursday -- --
Friday 10:40 10:40

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Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the science of energy.

Energy is the ability to cause changes.


Thermodynamics

Therme Dynamics
(Heat) (Power)

1st Steam Pump: Thomas Savery (1697)


1st Commercial Steam Engine: Thomas Newcomen (1712)

1st Publication: Lord Kelvin (1849)


1st Book: William Rankine (1859)
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Classification of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

Classical Statistical
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics

(Macroscopic) (Microscopic)

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Applications of Thermodynamics

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Applications of Thermodynamics

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Dimensions and Units
Dimensions: Any physical quantity can be characterized by dimensions.
Units: The magnitude assigned to dimensions are called units
Primary/Fundamental Dimensions: Basic dimensions
Secondary/Derived Dimensions: The Dimensions which can be expressed in terms
of primary dimensions.

Primary/Fundamental Dimensions
S. No Dimension Unit
1 Length m, in, ft etc.
2 Mass Kg, g etc.
3 Time Second (s)
4 Temperature Kelvin (K)
5 Electric Current Ampere (A)=C/s
6 Amount of Light Candela (cd)
7 Amount of Matter Mole (mol)

13
Dimensions and Units
Secondary/Derived Dimensions:

S. No Dimension Unit Dimension


1 Velocity (v) m/s [LT-1]

2 Acceleration m/s2 [LT-2]


3 Force (F=ma) N = kg m/s2 [MLT-2]
4 Energy of Work Joule (J) = kgm2/s2 [ML2T-2]
(W=Force × distance)
5 Volume (V) m3 [L3]
6 Power (P) =Energy/time Watt (W)=J/s [ML2T-3]
7 Pressure(p) = Force/Area Pascal = N/m2 [ML-1T-2]

14
Dimensions and Units
SI and English system of Units:
S. No Dimension SI Unit English Unit
1 Length Meter (m) In, ft
2 Mass Kg Ibm
3 Time Sec Sec
4 Temperature K F
5 Electric Current Amp Amp
6 Amount of Light Candela Candela
7 Amount of Matter mole mole

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System
• A system is defined as a quantity
of matter or a region in space
chosen for study.

• The mass or region outside the


system is called surroundings.

• The real or imaginary surface


that separates the system from
its surroundings is called the
boundary. (very thin and has no
mass or volume)
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Types of System
System classification depends on either fixed mass or fixed volume
is chosen for study.

System

Closed System Open System


(Control mass) (Control volume)

An isolated system does not allow mass and energy to transfer


across the boundary.

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Closed System
• A closed system consists of a
fixed amount of mass, and no
mass can cross boundary but the
energy can cross it.

• The volume of a closed system


does not have to be fixed.

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Open System
• An open system, is a selected
region in space with the ability of
having a variable mass.

• It usually encloses a device that


involves mass flow such as a
compressor, turbine, or nozzle.

• Both mass and energy can cross the


boundary of a control volume.

19
Open System (2)

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Future Courses in FME based on Thermodynamics-I

a) Thermodynamics-II

b) Heat Transfer

c) Internal Combustion Engines

d) Power Plants

e) Gas Dynamics

f) Energy Engineering

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