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    AP Psych - Module 27-28

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    marsbaby1000
    Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. Edward Thorndike introduced the Law of Effect, which states behaviors followed by favorable outcomes are more likely to recur while unfavorable outcomes make behaviors less likely. B.F. Skinner further developed operant conditioning principles using reinforcement and punishment to shape behaviors. There are various schedules of reinforcement including continuous, partial, fixed-ratio, and variable-ratio schedules that impact behavior.

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    AP Psych - Module 27-28

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    marsbaby1000
    440 views12 pages
    Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. Edward Thorndike introduced the Law of Effect, which states behaviors followed by favorable outcomes are more likely to recur while unfavorable outcomes make behaviors less likely. B.F. Skinner further developed operant conditioning principles using reinforcement and punishment to shape behaviors. There are various schedules of reinforcement including continuous, partial, fixed-ratio, and variable-ratio schedules that impact behavior.

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    Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. Edward Thorndike introduced the Law of Effect, which states behaviors followed by favorable outcomes are more likely to recur while unfavorable outcomes make behaviors less likely. B.F. Skinner further developed operant conditioning principles using reinforcement and punishment to shape behaviors. There are various schedules of reinforcement including continuous, partial, fixed-ratio, and variable-ratio schedules that impact behavior.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    440 views12 pages

    AP Psych - Module 27-28

    Uploaded by

    marsbaby1000
    Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. Edward Thorndike introduced the Law of Effect, which states behaviors followed by favorable outcomes are more likely to recur while unfavorable outcomes make behaviors less likely. B.F. Skinner further developed operant conditioning principles using reinforcement and punishment to shape behaviors. There are various schedules of reinforcement including continuous, partial, fixed-ratio, and variable-ratio schedules that impact behavior.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Module 27: Operant Conditioning

    ⚫Is learning in which a


    behavior becomes
    more likely to recur if
    followed by a
    reinforcer or less likely
    if followed by a
    punisher.
    Law of Effect
    ⚫ Edward Thorndike created the LAW
    OF EFFECT
    ⚫ Behaviors followed by favorable
    consequences become more likely.
    ⚫ Behaviors followed by
    unfavorable consequences
    become less likely.
    ⚫ B.F. Skinner became widely regarded
    as the pioneer of behavioral psych.
    Using operant conditioning.
    In Operant Conditioning…
    ⚫Reinforcement is any event that strengthens the
    behavior that it follows.
    ⚫Shaping is when reinforcers guide behavior to
    closer approximations of the desired behavior.
    ⚫Discriminative Stimulus a stimulus that elicits
    a response after association with reinforcement.
    Positive vs. Negative Reinforcement
    Positive Negative
    ⚫Increasing ⚫Increasing behaviors
    by stopping or
    behaviors by reducing aversive
    presenting stimuli.
    positive ⚫It is not
    punishment!!!!
    reinforcers.
    Primary vs. Conditioned Reinforcer
    ⚫Primary Reinforcer
    innately reinforcing
    stimulus, such as one that
    satisfies a biological need.
    ⚫Conditioned Reinforcer a
    stimulus that gains its
    reinforcing through it
    association with a primary
    reinforcer.
    Schedules in Operant Conditioning
    ⚫ Reinforcement schedule: a
    pattern that defines how often
    a desired response will be
    reinforced.
    ⚫ Continuous reinforcement
    schedule: reinforcing desired
    response every time.
    ⚫ Partial reinforcement
    schedule: reinforcing a
    response only part of the time.
    Ratio and Interval Schedules
    ⚫ Fixed-ratio schedule is a reinforcement schedule that reinforces
    a response only after a specified number of responses.
    ⚫ Variable-ratio schedule is reinforcement schedule that
    reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.
    ⚫ Fixed-interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule that
    reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.
    ⚫ Variable- interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule that
    reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
    Positive and Negative Punishment
    ⚫Positive Punishment:
    administer an aversive
    stimulus.
    ⚫Negative
    Punishment: withdraw
    a rewarding stimulus.
    Applications, and Comparison to Classical
    Conditioning
    ⚫Superstitious behavior can be
    produced by the accidental
    timing of rewards.
    ⚫Routine before shooting free
    throws or stepping into the
    batters box
    Module 27 + 28 Quiz
    ⚫ Your will have the rest of class, and the next class period to study for your Module 27+ 28
    quiz.
    ⚫ It will be worth 30 points
    ⚫ It will be two parts:
    ⚫ Multiple choice questions:
    ⚫ Pg. 292 5 multiple choice questions.
    ⚫ Pg. 298 4 multiple choice questions.
    ⚫ You will need to know the definitions for: Operant Conditioning, Law Of Effect,
    Reinforcement, Shaping, Discriminative Stimulus, Positive Reinforcement,
    Negative Reinforcement, Primary Reinforcer, Conditioned Reinforcer,
    Reinforcement Schedule, Continuous Reinforcement Schedule, Partial
    Reinforcement Schedule, Fixed-Ratio Schedule, Variable-Ratio Schedule,
    Fixed-Interval Schedule, Variable- Interval Schedule, Positive Punishment,
    Negative Punishment, Superstitious Behavior.

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