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Application of The Concept of Sequence and Arithmetic Series in Economics 1

This document discusses arithmetic sequences and arithmetic progressions, and their application in economics. It defines an arithmetic sequence as a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is constant. The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is represented by a formula involving the first term, difference between terms, and term number. An arithmetic progression is the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence. The document provides examples of finding terms and summing sequences. It notes that arithmetic sequences and series can be applied in economics contexts.

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ARFIAN TANJUNG
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311 views17 pages

Application of The Concept of Sequence and Arithmetic Series in Economics 1

This document discusses arithmetic sequences and arithmetic progressions, and their application in economics. It defines an arithmetic sequence as a sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is constant. The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is represented by a formula involving the first term, difference between terms, and term number. An arithmetic progression is the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence. The document provides examples of finding terms and summing sequences. It notes that arithmetic sequences and series can be applied in economics contexts.

Uploaded by

ARFIAN TANJUNG
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

Prodi S1 Akuntansi

Application of the Concept of Sequence and Arithmetic Series in Economics

MATHEMATICS ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS


WHAT IS THE ROW?

2
THEN, WHAT IS THE LINE?

3
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

LINE ROW

Arithmetic sequence ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

4
Arithmetic sequence
Definition
An arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers where the difference
between two consecutive terms is always a constant number

The fixed number is called a difference and is denoted by b.


Also pay attention to the following sequence of numbers. a. 1, 4,
7, 10, 13, ...
b. 2, 8, 14, 20, ... Arithmetic sequence
c. 30, 25, 20, 15, ...
EXAMPLE:
a. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, ...
+3 +3 +3 +3

In this sequence, the next term is obtained from the


previous term plus 3. It can be said that the
difference between the terms is 3 or b = 3.
b. 2, 8, 14, 20, ...
+6 +6 +6
In this sequence, the next term is obtained from the previous term
plus 6. It can be said that the difference between the terms is 6 or
b = 6.
c. 30, 25, 20, 15, ...
–5 –5 –5
In this sequence, the next term is derived from the previous
term plus –5. It can be said that the difference between the
tribes is –5 or b = –5.
In general, it can be said as follows.

If Un is the n number of the arithmetic


sequence then b = Un - Un - 1 applies.

The general formula for the nth term of an arithmetic


sequence with the first term (U) is denoted by a and
difference with b 1can be determined as follows.
U1 = a
U2 = U1 + b = a + b
U3 = U2 + b = (a + b) + b = a + 2b
U4 = U3 + b = (a + 2b) + b = a + 3b
U5 = U4 + b = (a + 3b) + b = a + 4b
.
.
.
Un = Un-1 + b = a + (n – 1)b
So, the formula for the nth term of the arithmetic
sequence is
Description: Un = the nth term a =
the first term
Un = a + (n – 1)b
b = different
n = many terms
EXAMPLE 1
Find the 8th and 20th terms from the sequence –3,
2, 7, 12, ....
Answer:
–3, 2, 7, 12,…
The first term is a = –3 and
difference b = 2 - (–3) = 5.
By substituting a and b, we get:
Un = –3 + (n - 1) 5.
8th term: U8 = –3 + (8 - 1) 5 = 32.
20th term: U20 = –3 + (20 - 1) 5 = 92.
EXAMPLE 2
Given the arithmetic sequence –2, 1, 4, 7, ..., 40. Find the
number of terms for the sequence.
Answer:
Given the arithmetic sequence –2, 1, 4, 7, ..., 40.
From this sequence, we get a = –2, b = 1 - (–2) = 3, and
Un = 40.
The formula for the nth term is Un = a + (n - 1) b so that;
40 = –2 + (n - 1) 3
40 = 3n - 5
3n = 45
Since 3n = 45, we get n = 15.
So, the number of terms in the sequence above is 15.
B. Arithmetic progression
 Definition

Let U1, U2, U3, ..., Un be terms of an arithmetic


sequence. Dn = U1 + U2 + U3 + ... + Undis called
the arithmetic sequence

The arithmetic sequence is the sum of the first n


terms of the arithmetic sequence. The sum of the
first n terms of a sequence of numbers is denoted
D.
Thus, Dn = U1 + U2 + U3 + ... + Un. To understand
the steps for determining the Dn formula, consider
the following example:
Determine the general formula for D as follows. Note that the general formula for the
nth term of an arithmetic sequence is
Dn = U1 + U2 + U3 +… + Un-2 + Un-1 + Un.
It can be stated that the magnitude of each term is b less than the next term.
Un-1 = Un - b
Un-2 = Un-1 - b = Un - 2b
Un-3 = Un-2 - b = Un - 3b
And so on so that Dn can be written
Dn = a + (a + b) + (a + 2b) + ... + (Un-2b) + (Un-b) + Un ... (1)
So, the general formula for the sum of the first n
terms of an arithmetic series is

Dn = (1/2) n (a + Un)
Dn = (1/2) n (2a + (n - 1) b)

Information:
Dn = the number of n first terms
a = the first term
b = different
Un = the nth term
n = many terms
Example:
Find the sum of the first 100 terms in the series 2 + 4
+ 6 + 8 + ....
Answer:
Note that a = 2, b = 4 - 2 = 2, and n = 100.

1
D100 = x 100 {2 (2) + (100 - 1) 2}
2

= 50 {4 + 198}
= 50 (202)
= 10,100
So, the sum of the first 100 terms in the series is
10,100.
example
Count the sum of all natural numbers, multiples of 3 that are less
than 100.
Answer:
The natural multiples of 3, which are less than 100, are 3, 6, 9,
12, ..., 99, so you get
a = 3, b = 3, and Un = 99.
First, we look for n as follows;
Un = a + (n - 1) b
99 = 3 + (n - 1) 3
3n = 99
n = 33
The sum of the series is
Dn =1 n (a + U )
n
2
D33 =1 x 33(3 + 99)
2
= 1.683

So, the sum of the natural numbers, multiples of 3,


that is less than 100 is 1.683
How is the Application of the Concept of Arithmetic Sequences and
DO YOU KNOW? Series to Economics?

17

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