DSL Technology

CPE & DSLAM

Krishna Kumar P.V.

S.D.E. RTTC Mysore
• Human voices, speaking in normal
conversational tones, can be carried in a
frequency range of 0 to 3,400 Hertz
• The use of such a small portion of the wire’s
total bandwidth is historical.
• They are capable of handling a much greater
“bandwidth”, or range of frequencies, than that
demanded for voice
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) exploits this
“extra capacity” to carry information on the wire
without disturbing the line’s ability to carry
conversations.
 About DSL
• In 1988, an engineer at Bell research lab devised a
way to carry a digital signal over the unused
frequency spectrum .

• It provides a digital connection over the copper

wires of the local telephone network.

• IT is the next generation modem-like technology

that allows for the transmission of voice, video and
data with megabit speed.
 Types of DSL Technologies
1. Symmetric DSL
Provides identical data rates in both
the directions i.e. upstream and
downstream.

1. Asymmetric DSL
Provides relatively lower data rates in
upstream and higher data rates in
downstream.
 xDSL Family
• ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
• RADSL(Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line
• VDSL(Very High Rate Digital Subscriber Line)
• HDSL(High Bit/Data Rate Digital Subscriber
Line)
• SDSL(Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
• IDSL(ISDN Digital Subscriber Line)
 ADSL Types
1) ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 compliant
2) ITU-T G.992.1 (G.dmt)
Up to 8Mbps Downstream
Up to 640 Kbps Upstream
3) ITU-T G.992.2 (G.lite)
Up to 1.5Mbps Downstream
Up to 512Kbps Upstream
4) ITU-T G.994.1 (G.hs)
 ADSL2+
It is the newest ADSL standard launched by ITU-T.
• ADSL2+ realizes longer distance coverage
over 6KM reach 。
• Transmission rate: Uplink/downlink rate can
reach 1.5M/25M at most, which addressed
the bandwidth bottleneck with traditional
ADSL. When the distance is 6KM, the rate
can reach 416K/736K (uplink/downlink)
• ADSL2+ enables dynamic power
consumption control, which results in a 1/3
to1/2 reduction in power consumption and
operating costs saving.
Frequency Spectrum for POTS, ADSL and ADSL2+
 Speed of ADSL

Full-Rate ADSL(G.DMT)
Downstream Rate: upto 8 Mbps
Upstream Rate: upto 800 kbps
ADSL (G.Lite)
Downstream Rate: Upto 1.536 Mbps in
Integer Multiples of 32 kbps
Upstream Rate: Upto 512 kbps in Integer
multiples of 32 kbps
 Equipments
• DSL modem -This converts digital data from
computers into a digital audio stream of a suitable
frequency range

• Passive electronic filter (known variously as a “filter”,

“micro-filter” or a “splitter”)
-This ensures that the DSL modem and
the telephone only receive the
frequencies they are designed to handle.

• DSLAM – Exchange Eqipment

- Terminates the DSL circuits and aggregates them,
where they are handed off onto other networking
transports. It also separates out the voice component.
 Modulation used by ADSL
Technology
In the early development of ADSL, two
competing technologies both based on
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) have
vied for support from the industry.
These two technologies are:

• CAP - "Carrier-less Amplitude/Phase" modulation

• DMT - "Discrete Multi-Tone" modulation.

 CAP:-
It involves data modulating a single carrier,
which is suppressed before it is transmitted,
and reconstructed at the receiver.
 DMT
Data is distributed over many smaller carriers, and
then reassembled at the receiver.
• DMT is having following advantages over CAP

– Rate adaptivity
– Noise Immunity
– Longer Range

Both G.DMT and G.Lite use DMT.

 DMT Modulation
• Discrete Multi-Tone modulation
– Evolved from the concept of operating an array of N
relatively low-rate transceivers in parallel to achieve an
overall high rate on one line
– The N low-rate information streams are kept separated
from one another by sending them over N separate
frequency sub-bands or sub-channels, also called sub-
carriers.
– DMT achieves this sub-channel arraying by utilising the
IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) and its counterpart,
the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)
 DMT modulation
• Bandwidth from 0 to 1.1 Mhz is divided
into 256 sub carriers with each occupying
4 Khz. Lower 1 to 6 sub- carriers are
reserved to pass the 4khz analog voice.
• There are 32 upstream channels and 218
downstream channels.
 ADSL DMT Modulation 256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of
4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz.
Each sub carrier can support maximum
15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noise
Ratio for that sub carrier a decision is taken
How many bits that particular sub carrier can
Support. Each carrier can carry 0-15 bits/sec/Hz
Carriers 1-6 for voice and guardband
Voice Upstream Downstream
No of Bits

16 64

6 37 38 255
15

0 4 25 138 139 1104

69 kHz 276 kHz
Frequency (KHz)
Upstream Downstream
Pilot Tone Pilot Tone
 Frequency Spectrum of
ADSL
 The ADSL transmit signal consist of a large number ( up to
256) of sub-carrier located at spacing of 4.3125 Khz.

 The channel 0 is for POTS , Channel 1-5 are not used to

avoid interference between voice and data.

 POTS Channel - Separated by a POTS splitter

 Upstream/Downstream channels separated by either FDM

using LPF/HPF or a combination of FDM and echo
cancellation . Echo cancellation improves the BW through
put in the downstream direction
 ADSL2+ DMT Modulation
ADSL2+ Doubles the bandwidth used to
Carry data

Voice Upstream Downstream

No of Bits

ADSL2+

6 37 38 255 512
15

ADSL/ADSL2

0 4
0.14MHz 1.1MHz 2.2MHz
Frequency
UTSTARCOM SIEMENS UTSTARCOM
 Customer Premises Installation

Line Line Splitter RJ 11

Splitter RJ 11 ADSL ADSL
RJ 11 RJ 11 RJ 11 RJ 11
RJ 11 RJ 45 RJ 45
RJ 11 RJ 45

Single User with

Single User with
Voice, Data and Video RJ 45
Voice and Data STB
AV Port
Line RJ 11
Splitter ADSL
RJ 11 RJ 11
RJ 45

Switch

Multi user Business

Customer
How to connect Multiple Telephones

(1) Phone Socket

(2)&(3) Phone
(4) ,(6) & RJ-11 Tel cable
(7)
(5) Splitter

(8) Phone Jack

 Circuit Diagram of A POTS
Splitter

DSL
highpass LINE
filter

❏ Splitter
❏ Separates the 300 Hz to 3500 Hz lowpass
voice channel from upstream and filter
downstream channels
❏ Reduces traffic congestion
❏ Pass voice, dial tone, ringing and
TELE
on/off hook signals
❏ Consists of a lowpass filter (LPF)
for POTS and a highpass filter
(HPF) for upstream/downstream
channels
❏ Passive device
❏ Contains lighting protection
circuitry
 CPE Installation
• CPE(ADSL MODEM) can be utilized in two
different ways
– 1. Transparent Bridge – In this mode we need to
configure PPPoE in the customer’s PC and modem
simply passes ethernet frames from one side to other
side in transparent fashion. Customer’s PC
authenticates itself with BRAS
– 2. Router Mode- In this mode PPPoE is configured in
modem. Modem authenticates itself to BRAS and
gets IP address. Modem provides different address
from its DHCP server to PC. Modem also performs
the NAT function in this mode.
 CPE Installation
IP Address is allocated Bridge Mode
to PC By BRAS

CPE DSLA
M
T2 Switch BRAS
T1 Switch
PPPoE Session

IP Address is Router Mode

allocated to CPE
By BRAS

CPE DSLA
NAT M
T2 Switch
IP Address is BRAS
T1 Switch
allocated
to PC By CPE PPPoE Session
 Multi User Customer
ADSL Port on DSLAM Should
allow that many MAC addresses
Bridge Mode

CPE DSLA
M T2 Switch BRAS
T1 Switch
Switch
If a user is allowed to login multiple sessions with
BRAS with same password, every machine establishes
a separate PPPoE Session with BRAS. Every machine
Gets full bandwidth for that account provided CPE -
DSLAM Link supports that.
Multi User Customer
IP Address is allocated
to PCs By BRAS
 Multi User Customer
Router Mode
NAT

CPE DSLA
M T2 Switch BRAS
T1 Switch
PPPoE Session
Switch

In this mode PPPoE is configured on CPE and only

One session is established between CPE and BRAS.
CPE gets IP Address from BRAS. DHCP in CPE
Multi User Customer Allocates IP addresses to machines. In this case all
IP Address is allocated The machines share the bandwidth allowed for that
to PCs By CPE Account. CPE has to do NAT also.
SmartAX MT 800/880 of ADSL Modem
MT882 ADSL MODEM
SmartAX MT841 ADSL Gateway
 Splitters
• The splitter contains the LPF (Low Pass Filter)
and HPF (High Pass Filter) and Lighting
Protection Circuitry.
• LPF:- Blocks everything above 4 KHz,
preventing the data signals from interfering with
standard telephone calls. This filter separates
300 Hz to 3400 Hz voice band signals from
Upstream and Down stream signals
• HPF:- Allows all the ADSL Signals which are
beyond 24 KHz i.e. the signals of ADSL output.
 DSLAM
[Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer]
• A DSLAM takes connections from many
customers and aggregates them onto a single,
high-capacity connection to the Internet.
• DSLAMs are generally flexible and able to support
multiple types of DSL in a single central office,
and different varieties of protocol and modulation
– both CAP and DMT.
• DSLAM may provide additional functions including
routing or dynamic IP address assignment for the
customers.
 Triple Play Solution
• Each port of MA5100 series can support multi-PVCs
(Permanent Virtual Connection) capability
• Triple play solution will help you to excavate development
potential of copper line and give you thoroughly different
 Functions of DSLAM
• DSLAM aggregates the Subscriber Lines
• DSLAM separates Voice and Data of the Subscriber
• Voice is given to the PSTN exchange switch
• Data is fed to the IP Network through the LAN
Switch
• DSLAMs have been categorized into 6 types based
on the number of Ports i.e. 480, 240, 120, 64, 48 &
24. The deployment of DSLAM of a particular
capacity is depending on the expected demand and
Traffic.
• The DSLAM will provide Access from 128 kbps to 8
Mbps.
• The DSLAM will support for QoS features such as
Committed Access Rates(CARs) between the
Subscriber premises DSL CPE and DSLAM.
Distance wise Downstream bit rate in DSLAM

Downstream bit rate Distance

8 Mbps 1.5 kms

2 Mbps 3.5 kms

1.5 Mbps 5.5 kms

 SmartAX MA5300 / MA5600
-are Large Capacity IP DSLAM
Features:
– High capacity and bandwidth:
• Meet the demand for high bandwidth services like VOD, IPTV.
– Intelligent mechanism:
• Provide refined service awareness and QoS, bandwidth & cable
supervision and security technique to support personalized services
and bundles strategies.
– 100% triple-play:
• Superior multicast capabilities and feature multicast services for
residential subscribers.
– Various VPN services:
• Flexible access methods and superb solutions like MPLS VPN/
QinQ/L2TP/GRE for commerce leased lines and wholesale services.
– IP core structure:
• L2/L3 Switching Fabric, supporting static routing/ OSPF2/ RIP2/ BGP-4/
IGMP, act.
– Uniform BB access platform:
• Offer interfaces like Ethernet/ ATM/ xDSL/ xPON/ WiMAX
– Zero Touch solution:
• Support TR062/TR069/CO&CPE diagnose/remote-upgrading/line test.
 NIB-II Broadband DSL Deployment
Core Network
interfaces

SSSS at NOC
Core
FE router NOTE: Items indicated in
•
Broadband GigE line boxes are not part of Project 2.2
dotted
FE RAS
GigE • Content
BB Server
•
GigE ADM ADM
FE FE
GigE ADM SDH RING
Tier1 Layer2 ADM B1 city ADM
Tier2 LAN
Gig E GigE Aggregation B2 city
Switch KM Gig E & FE Switch FE FE
x 40 re
Ma k Fib
r
Da From MDF
FE FE FE
Max 10/20 KM GE 240 Port
48 Port 24 Port
Dark fiber DSLAM 120 Port
DSLAM DSLAM
DSLAM 60 Port
480 Port DSLAM
DSLAM ADSL
ADSL
terminals ADSL terminals ADSL
ADSL terminals
terminals Splitter