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Embedded Metal Corrosion: National Forensic Sciences University

This document discusses corrosion of embedded metal in concrete structures. It explains that corrosion is an electrochemical process that requires an anode, cathode, and electrolyte. In concrete, the reinforcing steel acts as the anode and cathode, while moisture serves as the electrolyte. Corrosion causes an increase in volume that creates internal stresses and cracking in the concrete. Chlorides from deicing salts or seawater can penetrate concrete and accelerate corrosion by destroying the steel's protective oxide layer. Carbonation from CO2 in the air also lowers pH and promotes corrosion. Proper concrete mix design and cover help inhibit corrosion by maintaining an alkaline environment around the steel.

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Gandhi Sagar
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37 views19 pages

Embedded Metal Corrosion: National Forensic Sciences University

This document discusses corrosion of embedded metal in concrete structures. It explains that corrosion is an electrochemical process that requires an anode, cathode, and electrolyte. In concrete, the reinforcing steel acts as the anode and cathode, while moisture serves as the electrolyte. Corrosion causes an increase in volume that creates internal stresses and cracking in the concrete. Chlorides from deicing salts or seawater can penetrate concrete and accelerate corrosion by destroying the steel's protective oxide layer. Carbonation from CO2 in the air also lowers pH and promotes corrosion. Proper concrete mix design and cover help inhibit corrosion by maintaining an alkaline environment around the steel.

Uploaded by

Gandhi Sagar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NATIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCES UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


FORENSIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

EMBEDDED METAL
CORROSION
PREPARED BY : ANDHARIA PRIYAM (101EGMTCE2021001)
GANDHI SAGAR (101EGMTCE2021002)
GUIDED BY : DR. MEROOL VAKIL
CORROSION
1. Concrete is highly alkaline, pH of fresh concrete is between 12-13.
2. It is important to have an insight about the environment near the
reinforcing bar in the concrete to know the process of corrosion.
3. During the hydration process of cement, free lime Ca(OH) 2 is
formed which makes the environment around the reinforcing steel
alkaline.
4. This alkaline environment generates a dense and impermeable film
which is called Passive Layer on the reinforcing steel which helps
in reducing the rate of corrosion.
5. Once this passive layer breaks down due to any of the causes like
chloride attack, carbonation, etc., rust will start forming on the
surface.
CORROSION
6. Basically, corrosion is an electrochemical process which needs an
anode, cathode and an electrolyte which helps in electrical
conductivity.
7. The moisture in concrete behaves as an electrolyte and the
reinforcing steel provides anode and cathode.
8. When the electric current flows between cathode and anode, the
reaction results in increase in metal volume due to oxidation of Fe
into Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 .
Anodic Reactions Cathodic Reaction:
Fe → Fe2+ + 2e- 2e- + H2O + 0.5 O2 → 2OH-
CORROSION
9. Two electrons produced in an anodic reaction should be
consumed somewhere in order to avoid concentration of electrical
charge at one point.
10. They are consumed with water and oxygen to produce Hydroxide
ion, thus electrical neutrality will be preserved in the concrete.
11. The increase in volume as the reaction products react further
with dissolved oxygen leads to internal stress within the concrete
that can cause cracking and spalling of the concrete.
Fe 2+
+ 2OH- → Fe(OH)2 (Ferrous Hydroxide)
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O → 4Fe(OH)3 (Ferric Hydroxide)
2Fe(OH)2 → Fe2O3 · H2O + 2H2O (Hyd. Ferric Oxide) Rust
CORROSION
12. The un-hydrated ferric oxide Fe2O3 has a volume of about 2
times that of steel. So, when it becomes hydrated it swells even
more and the volume of the steel – concrete interface becomes 6
to 10 times.
13. Thus this leads to corrosion of
the steel which generates
cracks and spalling in the
concrete with red/brown
brittle flaky rust on the
reinforcing steel.
CORROSION
CORROSION
14. The graph shows the relation
between pH of concrete and
the Corrosion Rate.
15. As the alkalinity decreases in
the concrete, the rate of
corrosion also increases
CORROSION
INHIBITORS PROMOTORS
◦ Good quality of concrete ◦ Oxygen, Water
◦ Concrete with higher pH level ◦ Improper Electrical
(alkaline concrete). environment around steel bars.
◦ Chlorides
◦ Highly permeable concrete
which allows penetration of
Carbon Dioxide leading to
Corrosion due to Carbonation.
CRACKING & SPALLING OF CONCRETE
o The cracking and spalling of concrete due to corrosion depends on:
1. Tensile strength of Concrete – Due to the increase in volume at
steel concrete interface, tensile stresses are generated. Concrete
should be capable of resisting this tensile stresses.
2. Concrete Cover – Proper and sufficient concrete cover should be
provided to prevent corrosion due to environmental effects.
3. Percentage of corrosion by weight of the reinforcing bar – The
ratio of concrete cover to diameter of steel bar is important.
Higher the concrete cover, higher will be the ratio and thus
higher protection of steel from environmental effects.
 Higher the ratio, greater percentage of corrosion will be
needed to cause cracking.
REDUCTION IN STRUCTURAL CAPACITY
Due to cracking and spalling in the concrete, there will be reduction
in the concrete mass, which leads to reduction in the structural
capacity. Moreover due to rust formation, c/s of bar will also reduce.
ROLE OF CHLORIDES IN CORROSION
1. Exposure of reinforced concrete to chloride ions is the primary
cause of premature corrosion of steel reinforcement.
2. The introduction of chloride ions, present in deicing salts and
seawater, into reinforced concrete can cause corrosion in steel if
oxygen and moisture are available to sustain the reaction.
3. Chlorides dissolved in water can permeate through sound concrete
or reach the steel through cracks.
4. Chloride-containing admixtures can also cause corrosion.
5. No other contaminant is considered as dangerous as chloride in
the concrete to cause the corrosion.
ROLE OF CHLORIDES IN CORROSION
6. The mechanism by which chlorides promote corrosion is that
chloride ions penetrates into the protective oxide film easier than
any other ions, leaving the steel vulnerable to corrosion.
7. The risk of corrosion increases as the chloride content of concrete
increases. When the chloride content at the surface of the steel
exceeds a certain limit; the threshold value, corrosion will occur in
presence of water and oxygen.
INTRUSION OF CHLORIDES VIA CRACKS
After the initiation of
corrosion process,
the chloride ions
acts as a catalyst
and it remains in
the concrete instead
of getting consumed
in the process

After the initiation of


the corrosion at the
intersection of crack
and reinforcing bar,
it progresses along
the length of the bar.
CAST - IN - CHLORIDES

Chloride present in
the aggregates used
in the concrete
Reaction of chloride
with the available
moisture
CARBONATION

CO2 in atmosphere
reacts with pore
water, makes it
acidic & destroys
protective layer on
steel
DISSIMILAR METAL CORROSION

When 2 different metals are in presence with adequate electrolyte,


the less active member gets corroded and damages its surrounding
concrete. This corrosion is also known as galvanic corrosion
STRUCTURAL STEEL CORROSION

When a crack or joint


is in contact to flange,
it becomes vulnerable
to corrosion. Aggressive Corrosion creates
environment creates an an upliftment for
ideal recipe for the slab and thus
corrosion. delamination
occurs
CORROSION IN PT TENDONS
Broken protective sheathing or
porous/cracked anchorage plug grout can
allow moisture perforate into strands and
can introduce corrosion. Unlike bars,
Corrosion was these are highly stressed and a reduction
the greatest in c/s area can lead to a deadly failure
reason for PT
being banned in
European
countries in its
early days.
THANKING YOU

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