Training Dept-Arabian Peninsula April, 2000 Mcset/1

Training Dept-Arabian Peninsula
April, 2000 MCset/1

Merlin Gerin
Medium Voltage Switchgear
MCset

April, 2000 MCset/2
Outlines of the Training Course
Part One
 Medium Voltage (MV) Network
 IEC Specifications of MV Switchgear
 AIS and GIS Switchgear
 Definitions
 Circuit Breaking Technology
 Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6 ) Gas
 SF6 Breaking Techniques

April, 2000 MCset/3
PART TWO
 Introduction to MCset
 General Characteristics
 Normal Operating Conditions
 Cubical Range of MCset
 Compartments of MCset
 SF6 Breaking Techniques in MCset
 Range of Circuit Breakers in MCset
 Operating Mechanism and Safety in MCset
 Protection, Monitoring and Control, Sepam Range
 Instrument Transformers, Cable Connections
 Maintenance / Service of MCset
 Concluding Remarks

April, 2000 MCset/4
NETWORK STRUCTURE
and
RANGE OF MV SWITCHGEARS IN KSA
Network Structure
ENERGY INDUSTRY BUILDING
GENERATION GENERATION
Generation
MV/HV G
TRANSMISSION
HV / MV
Primary Dist.
MV/MV
M
Sec. Dist.
MV/LV

April, 2000 MCset/6
Typical Electrical Network
HV Network
HV/36KV HV/17.5KV
MV Network
X X
33KV
X
Primary Distribution
X X
MV 1ry SWGR :
• Metal Clad
• Draw out
X X • AIS
13.8KV
X
• 33 or 13.8KV
X X

April, 2000 MCset/8
HV Network
HV/36KV HV/17.5KV
MV Network
X FLUAIR
FLUAIR400
X
400
33KV
X 36KV
36KV
X X
MV 1ry SWGR :
• Metal Clad
• Draw out
X X MCset
MCset • AIS
13.8KV up
upto
to24KV
24KV • 33 or 13.8KV
X
X X

April, 2000 MCset/9
MV 2ry SWGR MV 2ry SWGR
• COMPARTMENTED • AIS SELF CONTAINED
• MODULAR • EXTENSIBLE CUBICLE
• Draw out CB, LBS & Fuse or CB
Metering 1ry Distribution
2ry Distribution
MV Network

X

G
LV Network
X X X
x
X X

April, 2000 MCset/10
MV 2ry SWGR MV 2ry
• COMPARTMENTED • AIS SWGR :
• MODULAR • EXTENSIBLE • SELF
CONTAINED
• Draw out CB, LBS &
Metering • CUBICLE 1ry Distribution
• Fuse or CB 2ry Distribution
MV Network
SM6 RM6

lbs,cb,met. RMU w / fuse, cb
X
 MV/LV
G Package S/S
TFO’s Blockset,
LV Network
Dry & Oil X X

Prisma, Disbo X
x LV Panels
X X

FLUAIR
FLUAIR400
400
36KV
36KV
HV Network
HV/36KV
MV Network
X X
33KV
X FLUAIR 400
X X Metal clad switchgear
• Draw out CB type SF
• AIS switchgear
• Integrated earthing sw.
MV 1ry SWGR : with making capacity
• Rating:
• Metal Clad • 24/40.5 KV
• 630/1250/
• Draw out 2500/3000A
• 31.5 KA
• AIS
• 33 or 13.8KV

MCset
MCset
24KV
24KV
MV 1ry SWGR : HV Network
HV/17.5KV
• Metal Clad
MV Network
• Draw out
MCset
• AIS
• Metal clad switchgear
• Draw out CB type
• 33 or 13.8KV
LF(up to 17.5KV) / SF
• LF CB “Auto-Expansion”
• AIS switchgear
• Integrated earthing sw.
with making capacity.
X X • Internal Arc withstand
Rating:
13.8KV
X • 7.2/12/17.5/24KV
X X • 630/1250/
2500/3150A
• 31.5/40/50 KA

MV 2ry SWGR
• COMPARTMENTED • AIS
• MODULAR • XTENSIBLE SM6
SM6
• Draw out CB, Lbs, Metering 24KV
24KV
1ry Distribution
2ry Distribution
MV Network
SM6
• Compartmented switchgear
• All types of functions LBS/CB/Metering:
 • Load break switch “IM”
X • Fused LBS “QM”
• Metering “CM”
 • Draw out CB “DM1-W”
• Contactors “CRM”
• AIS switchgear
• Integrated earthing switch with making
capacity.
• Rating:
• 7.2/12/17.5/24KV
• 630/1250A
• 21KA
MV 2ry
SWGR : RM6
RM6
• SELF 24KV
24KV
CONTAINED
• CUBICLE 1ry Distribution

• Fuse or CB 2ry Distribution
MV Network
RM6
• Cubicle switchgear
• GIS switchgear
• Integrated earthing switch
with making capacity.
• Stainless steel tank
• Protection by fuse & CB
• Internal arc withstand
• Interlocking of cable box
X • Extensible version available
• Rating:
• 7.2/12/17.5/24KV
• 630A
• 21 kA

1ry Distribution
2ry Distribution
MV Network
SM6, R.Master

lbs,cb,met.
X

G
TFO’s Blockset,
LV Network
Dry & Oil X X

Prisma, Disbo
x LV Panels
X X

Electrical Network Management
Sepam & Power Logic 6 0 .0 3 K il o

M eg a
• The latest development

in digital technology.
• Enable perfect protec-
tion & monitoring.
• Fully compatible with
Sepam Schneider range of MV Power
P o w e r L Logic
o g ic
swithgears.
S Q U A R E D

Definition and Selection
of
Medium Voltage Switchgear
Cubicle Construction
 Metal enclosed switchgear
CUBICLE COMPARTMENTED METALCLAD

Metal enclosed switchgear
Metalclad Compartment Cubicle

Metal enclosed switchgear
Type of Metalclad Compartment Cubicle
cubicle
Ext. Covers Metallic Metallic Metallic
Earthed Earthed Earthed
No. MV More than 3 3 Less than 3
compartments
Internal Metallic Non metallic May be metallic
partitions Earthed
Bushings Yes Yes No
Shutters to Yes Yes Yes if 2

prevent access compartments
to live parts

 Insulation Medium of the busbar compartment.
AIS GIS
Air insulated switchgear Gas insulated switchgear

Insulation medium of the busbar compartment
Criteria Air Gas
Cost Economical up to 36 kV More economical above
36 kV
Dimensions OK up to 36 kV Reduced by 75%
above36 kV
Maintenance Easy Gas handling
Insulation Average Insulation good but

monitoring isrequired
Connections Accessible and easy Expensive for high
current ratings
Mechanical strength Even Even
Extensibility Easy Relatively difficult

Apparatus Function

SF6 BREAKING TECHNIQUES
Topics Of Discussion
 What is SF6?
 SF6 Developments in industry
 Overview of breaking techniques
 Various SF6 breaking techniques
 Breaking by Auto - Expansion technique.

What is SF6 ?
 Sulphur Hexa-fluoride (SF6) properties lead to the ideal CB:
• SF6 is colourless, odourless and inert

F
• SF6 is stable up to 500 C
F
F
• SF6 is a non-inflammable gas S
F
• SF6 is a non-toxic gas F

F
• SF6 has relative density  5.1
• SF6 has relative dielectric strength  2.5

Developments in SF6 in the industry
Chronologically
• Year 1900: SF6 found in Paris.
• Year 1937: Industrial application research by General Electric.
• Year 1955: Merlin Gerin initiated research work group.
• Year 1964: First order was placed by EDF to Merlin Gerin for SF6 S/S.
• Year 1967: Merlin Gerin launched the first range of MV CB type FA.
• Year 1971: A new range of MV CB type Fluarc (FG) was launched.
• Year 1998: A new range of MV CB type LF was launched using the
latest SF6 breaking technique “Auto-Expansion”.

Developments in SF6 in the industry
 Fast and frequent developments in the breaking
techniques of SF6 gas can be attributed to the desire to
improve the following three things:
Safety
Performance
Reliability
 For the end user (on the short term)

Operational cost
Overall dimensions
Electrical stresses generated by circuit breaking

Overview of Breaking Techniques
 Air:
• Historically It is the oldest to be used.
• Applied up to 20KV
• The principle is based on arc elongation by magnetic
effect.
• This principle required the addition of breaking arc for
each pole.
• It has virtually ceased due to the huge space required and
sensitivity to environment (humidity, pollution .. etc.).

Oil
• First appeared with the turn of the
century (outdoor use).
• Lead to the first HV CB with
considerable reduction in size with
(ROV) principle.
• The principle is based on the
decomposition of oil resulted from
the arc that gives off large amount of
Hydrogen, which is an excellent arc
extinguisher.
• This technique is progressively
disappearing due to the dangerous
inherent in oil (inflammable,
explosible) and the heavy
maintenance required.

Vacuum:
• The first CB appeared in 1950.
• Used up to 36KV only.
• The interruption medium at the first contacts parting is metallic vapor and
the operation depends upon maintaining a good vacuum level, which has
a remarkable dielectric strength.
• In the mid-term vacuum breaking technique should continue to exist
especially at lower voltages.

Various SF6 Breaking Techniques
 Double pressure
technique
The gas previously
compressed in a “high
pressure” tank is released on
breaking by opening of a valve.
 Puffer technique (self

blowing or auto expansion)
The gas is compressed by
movement of a piston linked to
contact opening.

 Puffer and self
pressure rise
(auto puffer thermal blast or
auto expansion)
Same as puffer technique but

with two compression
volumes.
Reduced pressure to break
small currents.
High pressure developed by
high arcing energy (heat
expansion).

 Heat expansion
technique (self blowing)
Pressure increase in this case
is of thermal origin.
 Rotating arc
The arc is cooled by rotation
under the effect ofadial
magnetic field produced by the
current to be broken

 Auto expansion
technique (auto puffer, self
blast or self blowing)
It is a combination of the two

techniques
rotating arc and heat
expansion

Breaking By SF6 Auto Expansion Techniques
Main Contacts
CB Closed Open
Arcing Period CB Open

Breaking By SF6 Auto Expansion Techniques
• Merlin Gerin combines the thermal expansion and

rotating arc techniques.
• The advantages of the auto expansion technique

• Reduced Energy
• Little Contact Erosion
• Fewer Moving Parts
• Soft Gentle Breaking
• Increased Personnel Safety (1.5 bar filling pressure)
• Service Loads can be interrupted at 0 bar relative pressure

A reminder for properties of SF6 gas
• SF6 is colourless,
odourless and inert
• SF6 is stable up to 500 C
• SF6 is a non-
inflammable gas
• SF6 is a non-toxic gas
• SF6 has relative density
 5.1
• SF6 has relative
dielectric strength  2.5
PART TWO
 Introduction to MCset
 General Characteristics
 Normal Operating Conditions
 Cubical Range of MCset
 Compartments of MCset
 SF6 Breaking Techniques in MCset
 Range of Circuit Breakers in MCset
 Operating Mechanism and Safety in MCset
 Protection, Monitoring and Control, Sepam Range
 Instrument Transformers, Cable Connections
 Maintenance / Service of MCset
 Concluding Remarks

Introduction to MCset Switchgear

 Schneider Electric - over 30

years experience in MV
network protection,
monitoring and control.
 Public utilities, Industry
and Buildings.
 Mcset covers a range of MV
equipment in order to
manage a number of
functions required for
network operation.

 Public Utilities - Main Functions
 Network Telecontrol
 SCADA
 HV/MV substation control
 Network Restoration
 Switching Schedules
 Safety Documentation
 Management of Maintenance
operations
 Management of construction
programmes

 HV/MV Substation
Control - Main
Functions
 Remote Control
 HV/MV protection
integration
 Data and alarm logging
 Centralized local control

 HV/MV Protection -
Sepam Range
 Main Functions
 Protection of incomers,
feeders and transformers
 Protection of busbars,
capacitors etc
 Switchgear control
 Data and alarm acquisition

 Industrial and Building Networks -

Protection Monitoring and Control
 Installation display
 Real time access to protection and
control units
 Alarm management
 Data analysis
 Electricity consumption management
 Power availability and quality
 Protection functions

 Indoor
 Metalclad
 IEC and European
Standards compliant
 Withdrawable type
switching device
 Reliable
 Simple
 Safe

 Reliability
 Operating confidence
achieved over a long period of
experience.
 200,000 SF6 circuit breaker
units installed around the
world.
 3D modeling of electrical fields
in air and insulating materials
 Quality assurance under ISO
9000 standards
 Type tested - Reports are
available
 Simplicity
 Same depth for all types of cubicles

 Simple installation - floor, wall
 Simple access for the cables - front
and bottom
 Local and Manual operation
 Icon illustrated operational
instructions
 Simple maintenance
 Simple setting method for protection
parameters

 Safety
 All operations are performed

from the front of the panel.
 Interlocks and padlocks
prevent the operator error.
 Racking in and out of the CB
possible with door closed.
 Anti-reflex handle for CB and
earth switch operation.
 Internal arc withstand function
complies with the IEC 298
specifications.
General Characteristics of MCset

Normal Operating Conditions
IEC 694
 A: Ambient air temperature

 Less than 40 deg C
 Less than or equal to 35 deg C on average 24 h period.
 Greater than or equal to -5 deg C.
 B: Altitude
 Lesss than or equal to 1000 m.
 Above 1000 m a derating factor will apply.

Normal Operating Conditions
IEC 694
 C: Atmosphere
 Almost little dust, no smoke, no corrosive or inflammable gas and vapour, no
salt.
 D: Humidity
 Average relative humidity over 24 h ~ 95 %
 Average relative humidity over 30 days ~ 90 %
 Average vapour pressure over 24 h ~ 2.2 kPa
 Average vapour pressure over 30 days ~ 1.8 kPa
 Vibrations
 No vibrations due to the causes external to the switchgear or to earthquakes.

Compartments of MCset Switchgear
 It is metal clad switchgear comprising

the following compartments separated
by metallic partitions:
 Busbars
 Withdrawable unit
 LV compartment
 MV cable connection compartment
that includes earthing switch, CTs and VT
(if required).

Compartments of MCset Switchgear

Functional Units of MCset Switchgear
 Mcset Switchboard consists of

interconnected functional units.
 Power connections are made

between functional units by a
busbar set.

 The Mcset range of switchgear

comprises 13 functional
applications.
 How to select an Mcset unit?

 If the user wishes to supply power to
a transformer, the solution is a
Transformer Feeder/Breaker.

 Similarly the required functional unit

can be chosen to perform Line
incomer, Bus-section connection
and Generator incomer functions
can be selected.

Full range of functions

Cubicle Range of MCset Switchgear
 The cubicle of MCset is an earthed,

metallic enclosure. It complies with IEC
298 requirements.
 Different cubicle layouts are needed to

satisfy different functional requirements
and to provide a wide range of
selection for load and short circuit level
requirements of the network.
 A typical AD type cubicle is shown for

the purpose of In-comer or Feeder.

 Four basic cubicle layouts are

offered to meet the full range of 13
functions of Mcset switchgear. They
are as follows:
 Withdrawable in-coming or outgoing

feeder
AD
 Bus-section CL
 Bus-bar metering and earthing TT
 Switch-fuse feeder DI




Dimensions(mm) and weights(kg)

Switching Devices in MCset
 Withdrawable type
 Circuit Breaker
 Contactor
 Non-withdrawable type
 Switch

Range of Circuit Breakers in MCset
 There are two ranges of CBs that
are used in Mcset switchgear:
 LF Range
 7.2 to 17.5 kV
 SF Range
 24 kV

LF Range of Circuit Breakers
 LF Range of CBs
 7.2 to 17.5 kV
 AD and CL type cubicles
 3 poles (phases) are contained in the
same sealed for life enclosure.
 SF6 gas pressure~0.15 M Pa (1.5 bar)
 Self-expansion type breaking technique
 RI type stored energy operating
mechanism

LF Range of CBs
Self-expansion Breaking Technique
 Fig 1: CB closed
 Fig 2: Main contacts open
 Fig 3: Arcing period
 Fig 4: CB open

LF Range of CBs

SF Range of CBs in MCset Switchgear
 24 kV
 AD4 and CL4 type cubicles
 Puffer type breaking technique
used
 3 independent sealed pole
enclosures for three phases
 SF6 gas filling pressure
ranges from 0.05 to 0.35 M Pa
(0.5 to 3.5 bar)
 Low gas pressure alarm
 Spring loaded GMh operating
mechanism

A pole/phase
 The SF range CB is made of

three separate poles mounted
on a structure supporting the
operating mechanism.
 Each pole unit houses all the

active parts in an enclosure
filled with SF6 gas to a relative
pressure of 0.5 bar.
 Accidental over pressure is

taken care of by the safety
membrane.

Puffer type breaking technique
 Fig 1: Main contacts closed
 Fig 2: Pre-compression
 Fig 3: Arcing period
 Fig 4: Sweeping stroke


Switching devices in MCset
Withdrawable Rollarc Contactor
 The Rollarc contactor uses rotating arc

breaking in SF6.
 A magnetic field causes the arc to
rotate between the arcing contacts. The
field is created by the passage of the
arc through the blowout coil.
 The rotation movement of the arc cools
it down by forced convection.
 The speed of rotation of the arc
depends on the current to be broken.
 The energy required to extinguish the
arc is supplied by the power system.
 Modulation of speed of rotation
ensures soft breaking without any
danger of over voltage or over current.

Withdrawable Rollarc Contactor
 Salient Features
 Three main poles are located in the
pressurized enclosure.
 Electromagnet type operating
mechanism
 Upstream and downstream terminals
for power circuit connections
 Pressure switch equipped with a NO
contact for monitoring pressure of SF6.
 Mechanical interlocking of the
contactor in the open position to
prevent racking in or out with the
contacts closed.
 HRC fuses with striker pin and auxiliary
contact to trip the contactor.

Withdrawable Contactor
 Fig 1. The main contacts and the arcing contacts are closed.
 Fig 2. The main circuit is interrupted by the separation of the main contacts. The
arcing contacts are still closed.
 Fig 3. The arc is generated which is subjected to the em field produced by the
coil.
 Fig 4. At the current zero point, the gap between the two arcing rings recovers its
initial dielectric strength due to intrinsic properties of SF6.

Switching devices in Mcset
Non-withdrawable switch
 General Features
 DI cubicle contains a switch fuse to

protect a low rated T/F e.g auxiliary
service T/F at primary S/S.
 DI is an air insulated and compartment
switchgear.
 Switch compartment is created by the
switch enclosure only.
 Medium voltage connection
compartment contains the T/F
protection fuses and the cable side
earthing.
 Low voltage compartment houses the
protection relays.

 IEC 298 Recommendation:
 The switch may only be switched ON

when the earthing switch is open and
the access panel is in position.
 The earthing switch may only be
switched ON when the switch is OFF.
 The panel providing access to the
medium voltage connections and fuses
may only be opened when the earthing
switches both upstream and
downstream from the fuses are closed.
 The switch is locked in the open
position while the access panel is
removed.
 The DI cubicle is protected against the
internal arc faults

 The Safety Features :
 The three rotating contacts are placed

in an enclosure filled with SF6 gas to a
relative pressure of 0.4 M Pa (4 bar0).
 Natural interlocking between earth
position and On position of the switch
through the OFF position. Fast acting
operating system that is independent of
the speed of the operator.
 The breaking and disconnecting
function are combined in this switch.
 The earthing switch has short circuit
making capacity as per IEC standards.

 The Breaking Principle :
 1. The arc strikes when the closed

contacts separate.
 2. The combination of the current and
the magnetic field created by the
permanent causes the arc to rotate
around the fixed contact thus cooling it
down until it is extinguished at the
current zero.
 3. The distance between the fixed and
moving contacts is sufficient to
withstand the recovery voltage.



MCset
Protection, Monitoring and Control
 Each Mcset unit is equipped with
Protection and Control solution
suitable for the function to be
performed.
 The system comprises generally

the following parts:
 Sepam digital relay
 Current and voltage sensors
 LV auxiliaries
 It may also contain other relays,
automation devices, measurement
and metering apparatus:

MCset
 Digital protection relay is the

latest development in
protection relaying
technology.
 The journey has been traveled

from conventional electro-
mechanical relays, then static /
electronic relays and finally
digital relay - SEPAM.

Sepam
 Digital control, monitoring
and protection
 Compatible with all types of
sensors
 Display of true
measurement values
 Operating reliability
 Self diagnostic system
 High level of immunity to
electromagnetic
interference

Sepam
 Sepam range of protection relays
offers complete solution for
protection of MV networks.
 Sepam 100
 Sepam 1000
 Sepam 2000

 Sepam
 Sepam’s communication capability
allows a switchboard equipped
with Mcset cubicles to be
integrated in a network remote
control system.
 Advantages
 Reduction in cost
 Simplicity in and flexibility
 Availability and dependability

Instrument Transformers in MCset
 Sensors
 The Sensors or Instrument T/Fs
supply the Sepam unit with analog
current and voltage signals.
 Conventional current sensors (CTs)

 CSH core balance CTs
 CSP current sensors (CTs)
 Voltage transformers (VTs or PTs)

 Conventional CTs
 Conventional 1 A or 5 A current transformers have

primary current values 10 A to 3000 A.
 Sepam can be combined with all types of CTs.
 Schneider has standardized CTs that are

appropriate for use with digital protections to
simplify the determination of accuracy
characteristics.

 CSH type CTs
 CSH 120 and 200 core balance CTs provide

more sensitive protection by direct
measurement of earth fault current.
 The only difference between the two core

balance CTs is the diameter. Both can be
connected to either of sepam inputs: 2 A or 30
A.

 CSP type CTs

(Not used in KSA)
 CSP type CTs operate on

Rogowski coil principle. They
include a winding around an
insulating core with no magnetic
circuit which prevents saturated
and residual flux. Therefore, they
are fully linear, accurate and
cover a large range of primary
current.

 Voltage Transformers (VTs)
 They supply measuring monitoring and

protection devices.
 All the devices are isolated from MV for

protection.
 Installed at the bottom of the functional unit.
 Cast resin type gives electrical insulation and

mechanical strength.

Cable Connections in MCset
 MV cable connection
compartment is located at the
back of the panel for vertical
access of the cables.
 The access is similar for both

feeder and in-comer type
panels.



Operating Mechanisms in MCset
 The operating mechanism
of a CB or a switch ensures that
the switching device closing and
opening speed is independent of
the speed of the operator.
 The motorized mechanism can
perform remote control functions
and it can implement fast reclosing
cycles.
 Two operating mechanisms are
used in Mcset CBs
 RI - LF range CBs
 GMH - SF range CBs

Operating Mechanisms in Mcset
The Switch Operating Mechanism
 CI2 Mechanism
 DI2 and DI4 cubicles use switch as
switching device in Mcset switchgear.
 The switch operation for closing takes

place in two steps:
 1. Operating mechanism charging by a
hand lever or motor.
 2. Stored energy released by push button
or trip unit.
 The switch operation for opening takes
place independently by a push button or
a trip unit.
 The earthing switch is operated manually
by a lever. Operating energy is provided
by the compression of a spring.

The Rollarc Contactor Operating Mechanism

Operating Mechanisms in MCset
 RI Operating Mechanism

RI Operating Mechanism

RI Operating Mechanism

GMH Operating Mechanism
 GMH Operating Mechanism




Operational Safety in MCset
Mcset is safe to operate
 All the operations are performed on

the front, including access to the
connections and bus bar.
 The racking in and out is possible
with the door closed.
 The mechanical and electrical
interlocks prevent operator’s error.
 Key type or padlocking options are
available.

Maintenance of MCset Switchgear
 Virtually maintenance-free switchgear!
 The gas enclosure of the MCset Switch, CB pole
and Contactor is sealed for life therefore, it does
not need maintenance.
 Periodic dusting and cleaning of the cubicle, the
switchgear and the switchgear mechanism may be
required however.
 Lubrication of the mechanism is not allowed
under normal operating conditions.

Concluding Remarks
 Long service life
 Maintenance- free active parts
 High electrical endurance
 Very low over voltage level
 Operationally safe


Training Dept-Arabian Peninsula April, 2000 Mcset/1

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Training Dept-Arabian Peninsula April, 2000 Mcset/1

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Training Dept-Arabian Peninsula

April, 2000 MCset/1