SESSION 9

OVERVIEW

• Reading: Table / Flowchart / Note completion

WHAT ARE THESE WORDS?

1. metabolism/ metabolic Noun Adjective

2. harmful I harmless -ism

3. nutrition / nutritious
4. prevention / preventative
5. dietary /dietician/ dieter
6. treatment / treatable
Write the suffixes in the table
WHAT ARE THESE WORDS?

1. metabolism/ metabolic 1. What is the difference in meaning between the

suffixes -ful and -less?
2. harmful I harmless
2. What does the suffix -able mean?
3. nutrition / nutritious 3. To what part of speech do we add -able in order to
4. prevention / preventative form the adjective?
4. What do the suffixes -er, -or and -ion have in
5. dietary /dietician/ dieter common apart from being noun suffixes?
6. treatment / treatable 5. Which part of speech uses all the following suffixes:
-ify, -ise/-ize, -ate, -en?
Write the suffixes in the table
SKIM READ
A. It is astonishing to contemplate how popular junk food 1. Provides an explanation for the way
has become, given that the first fast food restaurant in the
US only opened its doors a mere century ago. Since then,
people act
high-calorie processed meals have taken over the world, 2. Makes a prediction
with multinational restaurant chains aggressively chasing
levels of growth that show no signs of slowing down. Much 3. Outlines a growing phenomenon
of this expansion is currently taking place in less developed
parts of the world, where potential for customer loyalty is 4. Describes a process
seen as easier to develop, but it is not just in these areas 5. Contrasts opposing viewpoints
where such growth is visible. Indeed, a recent study from
the University of Cambridge found that the number of 6. Relates a problem to a specific group of
takeaways in the United Kingdom rose by 45 percent
people
between 1997 and 2015. This explosion in the takeaway
trade is not an inevitable outcome of what we call 'progress'.
On the contrary, it comes in the face of an increasing body
of evidence that we are heading for dietary disaster.
SKIM READ
B. Yet, despite nutrition experts' best efforts to educate people 1. Provides an explanation for the way
about the dangers of a diet filled with processed food, it
appears that the world doesn't want to listen. Medical people act
specialists point out that, although eating too much unhealthy
food is likely to be as dangerous in the long-term as smoking,
2. Makes a prediction
regular consumption of high-calorie food has somehow 3. Outlines a growing phenomenon
become more socially acceptable than ever. While local
authorities in some towns and cities have taken measures to 4. Describes a process
combat the rise in this trend by limiting the number of fast-
food outlets permitted to be open simultaneously, critics argue 5. Contrasts opposing viewpoints
that people have every right to make their own decisions about
what they eat and how they choose to live. However, the way
6. Relates a problem to a specific group of
in which we have come to binge on takeaways isn't only a people
personal issue of weight gain, or of buying larger clothes. The
consequences of mass overconsumption should strike fear into
the hearts of everyone.
SKIM READ
C. Research suggests that there is an evolutionary reason as to 1. Provides an explanation for the way people act
why people compulsively overeat - it is simply part of our
innate behavior. When humans evolved, we did not have the
2. Makes a prediction
abundant supply of food that we enjoy today, and so eating was 3. Outlines a growing phenomenon
more about survival than pleasure. We became more likely to
opt for high-calorie foods, with high fat content, that could
4. Describes a process
sustain us through cold winters when the supply of nourishment 5. Contrasts opposing viewpoints
became sparse. This explains why a 600-calorie burger seems
so attractive: it awakens our primal side, makes us feel well fed,
6. Relates a problem to a specific group of people
inspires contentment. Processed food stimulates the reward
response in our brains, so we feel compelled to overeat, and not
necessarily in a healthy way. Junk food acts as a trigger for
chemicals such as the 'feel-good' dopamine to flood through the
brain and induce a sensation of happiness. Meanwhile, high
amounts of sugar and sodium (one of the chemicals in salt and
other ingredients of fast food) cause a huge surge in blood
sugar, pushing it to unnatural levels.
SKIM READ
D. This occurs within the first few moments of eating a high- 1. Provides an explanation for the way
calorie meal. From there, routinely processing such high
levels of sodium is impossible, and the body's organs are people act
pushed beyond their natural working capacity in trying to do
2. Makes a prediction
so. The kidneys cannot remove all the excess salt from the
blood, and thus an overdose of sodium causes the heart to 3. Outlines a growing phenomenon
pump faster while transporting blood through the veins.
There are multiple dangers of high blood pressure, especially 4. Describes a process
for the elderly and in the long-term. Sodium taken on in such
quantities can lead to dehydration, a condition whose
5. Contrasts opposing viewpoints
symptoms are extremely similar to hunger, and this leads to a 6. Relates a problem to a specific group of
painful truth: as soon you have finished your junk food meal,
you immediately start to crave another. Thereafter, the body people
starts to digest the food. Usually, this takes between four and
12 hours, but with fast food, where the fat content is so much
higher, the same process lasts at least three days.
SKIM READ
E. A number of studies have shown how young people 1. Provides an explanation for the way
can become even more addicted to junk food than
people act
adults. When a child eats a burger, the same
neurological processes occur as in their parents: their 2. Makes a prediction
brain's reward system is awoken, dopamine is
3. Outlines a growing phenomenon
released, a spontaneous feeling of excitement results,
their blood sugar rockets, and so on. An adult can 4. Describes a process
apply their maturity to understand that this thrill is not
5. Contrasts opposing viewpoints
entirely without drawbacks, and that they need to
control their urge to eat more. However, a child cannot 6. Relates a problem to a specific group of
necessarily see any negative consequences to this urge people
and the potential effects of their lack of self-control,
so they find it far more difficult to exercise restraint
and moderate their food consumption.
SKIM READ
F. It is common to read or to hear criticism of the junk 1. Provides an explanation for the way
food industry that does so much to promote the
overconsumption of its products. But it does not appear
people act
that any of this criticism is changing widespread dietary 2. Makes a prediction
habits in any substantial way. What is more, the humble
burger has been elevated to such a point that many people 3. Outlines a growing phenomenon
no longer see it as simple, on-the-go food. It has arguably
4. Describes a process
become a stylish and aspirational part of one's daily diet.
Consider, for example, how some television companies 5. Contrasts opposing viewpoints
recently made several series of programs encouraging
unnecessary overeating, in which the host devours dish 6. Relates a problem to a specific group of
after dish of unhealthy, fatty meals until they are full - people
and then far, far beyond. While such glamorization exists,
it is difficult to see how our collective march towards a
global obesity crisis can ever be halted.
SCAN
A. It is astonishing to contemplate how popular junk food 1. the names of two chemicals
has become, given that the first fast food restaurant in the
US only opened its doors a mere century ago. Since then, 2. an increase in percentage
high-calorie processed meals have taken over the world,
with multinational restaurant chains aggressively chasing 3. a unit of measurement
levels of growth that show no signs of slowing down. Much 4. five parts of the human body
of this expansion is currently taking place in less developed
parts of the world, where potential for customer loyalty is
seen as easier to develop, but it is not just in these areas
where such growth is visible. Indeed, a recent study from
the University of Cambridge found that the number of
takeaways in the United Kingdom rose by 45 percent
between 1997 and 2015. This explosion in the takeaway
trade is not an inevitable outcome of what we call 'progress'.
On the contrary, it comes in the face of an increasing body
of evidence that we are heading for dietary disaster.
SCAN
B. Yet, despite nutrition experts' best efforts to educate people 1. the names of two chemicals
about the dangers of a diet filled with processed food, it
appears that the world doesn't want to listen. Medical 2. an increase in percentage
specialists point out that, although eating too much unhealthy
food is likely to be as dangerous in the long-term as smoking, 3. a unit of measurement
regular consumption of high-calorie food has somehow
become more socially acceptable than ever. While local
4. five parts of the human body
authorities in some towns and cities have taken measures to
combat the rise in this trend by limiting the number of fast-
food outlets permitted to be open simultaneously, critics argue
that people have every right to make their own decisions about
what they eat and how they choose to live. However, the way
in which we have come to binge on takeaways isn't only a
personal issue of weight gain, or of buying larger clothes. The
consequences of mass overconsumption should strike fear into
the hearts of everyone.
SCAN
C. Research suggests that there is an evolutionary reason as to 1. the names of two chemicals
why people compulsively overeat - it is simply part of our
innate behavior. When humans evolved, we did not have the
2. an increase in percentage
abundant supply of food that we enjoy today, and so eating was 3. a unit of measurement
more about survival than pleasure. We became more likely to
opt for high-calorie foods, with high fat content, that could
4. five parts of the human body
sustain us through cold winters when the supply of nourishment
became sparse. This explains why a 600-calorie burger seems
so attractive: it awakens our primal side, makes us feel well fed,
inspires contentment. Processed food stimulates the reward
response in our brains, so we feel compelled to overeat, and not
necessarily in a healthy way. Junk food acts as a trigger for
chemicals such as the 'feel-good' dopamine to flood through the
brain and induce a sensation of happiness. Meanwhile, high
amounts of sugar and sodium (one of the chemicals in salt and
other ingredients of fast food) cause a huge surge in blood
sugar, pushing it to unnatural levels.
SCAN
D. This occurs within the first few moments of eating a high- 1. the names of two chemicals
calorie meal. From there, routinely processing such high
levels of sodium is impossible, and the body's organs are 2. an increase in percentage
pushed beyond their natural working capacity in trying to do
so. The kidneys cannot remove all the excess salt from the 3. a unit of measurement
blood, and thus an overdose of sodium causes the heart to
pump faster while transporting blood through the veins.
4. five parts of the human body
There are multiple dangers of high blood pressure, especially
for the elderly and in the long-term. Sodium taken on in such
quantities can lead to dehydration, a condition whose
symptoms are extremely similar to hunger, and this leads to a
painful truth: as soon you have finished your junk food meal,
you immediately start to crave another. Thereafter, the body
starts to digest the food. Usually, this takes between four and
12 hours, but with fast food, where the fat content is so much
higher, the same process lasts at least three days.
SCAN
E. A number of studies have shown how young people 1. the names of two chemicals
can become even more addicted to junk food than
adults. When a child eats a burger, the same 2. an increase in percentage
neurological processes occur as in their parents: their 3. a unit of measurement
brain's reward system is awoken, dopamine is
released, a spontaneous feeling of excitement results, 4. five parts of the human body
their blood sugar rockets, and so on. An adult can
apply their maturity to understand that this thrill is not
entirely without drawbacks, and that they need to
control their urge to eat more. However, a child cannot
necessarily see any negative consequences to this urge
and the potential effects of their lack of self-control,
so they find it far more difficult to exercise restraint
and moderate their food consumption.
SCAN
F. It is common to read or to hear criticism of the junk 1. the names of two chemicals
food industry that does so much to promote the
overconsumption of its products. But it does not appear 2. an increase in percentage
that any of this criticism is changing widespread dietary
3. a unit of measurement
habits in any substantial way. What is more, the humble
burger has been elevated to such a point that many people 4. five parts of the human body
no longer see it as simple, on-the-go food. It has arguably
become a stylish and aspirational part of one's daily diet.
Consider, for example, how some television companies
recently made several series of programs encouraging
unnecessary overeating, in which the host devours dish
after dish of unhealthy, fatty meals until they are full -
and then far, far beyond. While such glamorization exists,
it is difficult to see how our collective march towards a
global obesity crisis can ever be halted.
FLOW CHART/ TABLE/ NOTE
• Đây là dạng bài bắt mình điền từ còn thiếu
FLOW CHART/ TABLE/ NOTE

Đặc điểm: các cụm từ thiếu thường nằm trong cùng 1 đoạn văn hoặc tưởng đối gần nhau
Phương pháp:
• Tìm key ideas/ key word
• Scan để xác định đoạn cần đọc kĩ
• Đọc kĩ và chọn đáp án
DIFFERENCES IN ADULT AND CHILD REACTIONS
TO EATING PROCESSED FOOD

Adult Child

Eats - dopamine released Eats -dopamine released

Reward system activated Reward system activated

Can understand negative consequences Can't understand negative consequences

Rationalizes excitement by relying on 8 _____ Unable to resist the 9 _____ to consume more food

Can hold back cravings Does not show 10 _____

Stops eating Continues to eat
FIND THE PARAPHRASE
A. It is astonishing to contemplate how popular junk food 1. pursuing
has become, given that the first fast food restaurant in the
US only opened its doors a mere century ago. Since then, 2. a large part of the growth in the fast-
high-calorie processed meals have taken over the world, food industry
with multinational restaurant chains aggressively chasing
levels of growth that show no signs of slowing down. Much 3. huge success of the fast-food industry
of this expansion is currently taking place in less developed
parts of the world, where potential for customer loyalty is 4. More and more proof
seen as easier to develop, but it is not just in these areas
where such growth is visible. Indeed, a recent study from
the University of Cambridge found that the number of
takeaways in the United Kingdom rose by 45 percent
between 1997 and 2015. This explosion in the takeaway
trade is not an inevitable outcome of what we call 'progress'.
On the contrary, it comes in the face of an increasing body
of evidence that we are heading for dietary disaster.
SENTENCE COMPLETION

Complete the sentences. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for
1. Global food corporations are fiercely pursuing ways in which to increase their _____.
2. The fast-food industry is particularly building its presence in areas that are _____.
3. Despite more and more proof of its negative effects, the huge success of the fast-food
industry is leading us into _____
FIND THE PARAPHRASE
B. Yet, despite nutrition experts' best efforts to educate people 1. the public seems unconvinced
about the dangers of a diet filled with processed food, it
appears that the world doesn't want to listen. Medical 2. developed initiatives to change fast food
specialists point out that, although eating too much unhealthy
food is likely to be as dangerous in the long-term as smoking,
consumption habits
regular consumption of high-calorie food has somehow
become more socially acceptable than ever. While local
authorities in some towns and cities have taken measures to
combat the rise in this trend by limiting the number of fast-
food outlets permitted to be open simultaneously, critics argue
that people have every right to make their own decisions about
what they eat and how they choose to live. However, the way
in which we have come to binge on takeaways isn't only a
personal issue of weight gain, or of buying larger clothes. The
consequences of mass overconsumption should strike fear into
the hearts of everyone.
FIND THE PARAPHRASE
C. Research suggests that there is an evolutionary reason as to 1. an instinctive characteristic people share
why people compulsively overeat - it is simply part of our
innate behavior. When humans evolved, we did not have the
abundant supply of food that we enjoy today, and so eating was
more about survival than pleasure. We became more likely to
opt for high-calorie foods, with high fat content, that could
sustain us through cold winters when the supply of nourishment
became sparse. This explains why a 600-calorie burger seems
so attractive: it awakens our primal side, makes us feel well fed,
inspires contentment. Processed food stimulates the reward
response in our brains, so we feel compelled to overeat, and not
necessarily in a healthy way. Junk food acts as a trigger for
chemicals such as the 'feel-good' dopamine to flood through the
brain and induce a sensation of happiness. Meanwhile, high
amounts of sugar and sodium (one of the chemicals in salt and
other ingredients of fast food) cause a huge surge in blood
sugar, pushing it to unnatural levels.
FIND THE PARAPHRASE
F. It is common to read or to hear criticism of the junk 1. transforming the way most of the public
food industry that does so much to promote the
overconsumption of its products. But it does not appear
view and consume food
that any of this criticism is changing widespread dietary 2. glamorous
habits in any substantial way. What is more, the humble
burger has been elevated to such a point that many people
no longer see it as simple, on-the-go food. It has arguably
become a stylish and aspirational part of one's daily diet.
Consider, for example, how some television companies
recently made several series of programs encouraging
unnecessary overeating, in which the host devours dish
after dish of unhealthy, fatty meals until they are full -
and then far, far beyond. While such glamorization exists,
it is difficult to see how our collective march towards a
global obesity crisis can ever be halted.
SENTENCE COMPLETION

Complete the sentences. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each
answer.
1. Much of the public seems unconvinced that if they eat an excess of _____ , they will become
ill.
2. Many urban councils have developed initiatives to change fast food consumption habits by
issuing restrictions on how many _____ can sell fast food.
3. A number of scientists believe that an instinctive characteristic people share causes them to
_____
4. One problem is that a fast-food diet has become glamorous and _____
L ƯỢ NG T Ừ

Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau

1. Much of public seems unconvinced that ... they will become ill.
2. A number of scientists believes that an instinctive characteristic ...
Đáp án
3. Much of public ->Most of the public: “public” không đếm được nên phải có “of the”
4. “A number of scientists” là số nhiều do đó động từ phải là “believe”