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TCP Error Control

The document discusses several aspects of TCP error control including: 1. Checksums and acknowledgements are the main methods of error control in TCP. Checksums use 16-bit checksums and acknowledgements provide confirmation of received segments. 2. Acknowledgements are sent in different situations such as piggybacking on sent data, immediately for out-of-order segments, or after a timeout for missing segments. 3. Retransmission occurs after a retransmission timeout or upon receiving three duplicate acknowledgements indicating a missing segment. Lost acknowledgements must also be handled to avoid unnecessary retransmissions.

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salamudeen M S
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95 views

TCP Error Control

The document discusses several aspects of TCP error control including: 1. Checksums and acknowledgements are the main methods of error control in TCP. Checksums use 16-bit checksums and acknowledgements provide confirmation of received segments. 2. Acknowledgements are sent in different situations such as piggybacking on sent data, immediately for out-of-order segments, or after a timeout for missing segments. 3. Retransmission occurs after a retransmission timeout or upon receiving three duplicate acknowledgements indicating a missing segment. Lost acknowledgements must also be handled to avoid unnecessary retransmissions.

Uploaded by

salamudeen M S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anitha D, TCE

TCP: Error control


Error control

 Checksum
 16 bit checksum
 Acknowledgement
 Cumulative acknowledgement (ACK)
 Selective acknowledgement (SACK) : options
 Time out
Acknowledgements – when?

 1. When end A sends a data segment to end B, it


must include (piggyback) an acknowledgment that
gives the next sequence number it expects to receive
 2. When the receiver has no data to send and it
receives an in-order segment (withexpected
sequence number) and the previous segment has
already been acknowledged,the receiver delays
sending an ACK segment until another segment
arrives or until a period of time (normally 500 ms)
has passed
Acknowledgement – when?

3. When a segment arrives with a sequence number


that is expected by the receiver, and the previous
in-order segment has not been acknowledged, the
receiver immediately sends an ACK segment
4. When a segment arrives with an out-of-order
sequence number that is higher than expected,
the receiver immediately sends an ACK segment
announcing the sequence number of the next
expected segment. (Fast Transmission)
5. When a missing segment arrives, the receiver
sends an ACK segment to announce the next
sequence number expected. This informs the
receiver that segments reported missing
have been received.
6. If a duplicate segment arrives, the receiver
discards the segment, but immediately sends
an acknowledgment indicating the next in-
order segment expected.
Retransmission policy

 After RTO (Retransmission time out)


 Three duplicate ACKs for retransmitting the
missing next segment (Fast retransmission)
Other issues

 Delayed segments
 May time out and result in duplicate
 Duplicate segments are dealt by discarding
Lost acknowledgement
Lost acknowledgement correction
Rule 4: An Acknowledgement with sequence no 2001 is sent
to indicate there is a missing element
Assume a TCP server is missing bytes 2001 to 3000. The server
receives a segment with sequence number 2001 that carries 400
bytes. What is the reaction of the TCP server to this event? Can you
justify the reaction?

2 40 1 . T his is to
dg e m e nt wit h
ds an ack n o w le r e m aining
Rule : 5 TC P s e n g f o r th e
till 2 40 0 a n d waitin
ed
say it has receiv
bytes.
Next:TCP Congestion control

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