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Distributed & Parallel System

This document defines and compares distributed and parallel systems. Distributed systems are collections of independent computers that communicate over a network to collaborate on tasks, with no shared clock and increased reliability. Examples include computer networks and ATMs. Parallel systems have multiple processors that directly access shared memory, forming a common address space. Examples are supercomputers. Distributed systems have advantages like resource sharing but challenges like security, while parallel systems provide concurrency but programming is more difficult due to synchronization.

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Mcheaven Nojram
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198 views19 pages

Distributed & Parallel System

This document defines and compares distributed and parallel systems. Distributed systems are collections of independent computers that communicate over a network to collaborate on tasks, with no shared clock and increased reliability. Examples include computer networks and ATMs. Parallel systems have multiple processors that directly access shared memory, forming a common address space. Examples are supercomputers. Distributed systems have advantages like resource sharing but challenges like security, while parallel systems provide concurrency but programming is more difficult due to synchronization.

Uploaded by

Mcheaven Nojram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distributed And Parallel

Syste
m

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Contents
1. Definition of Distributed System

2. Examples/Aplication of Distributed System

3. Advantage and Disadvantages of Distributed System

4. Definition Of Parallel System

5. Examples/Aplications of Paralel System

6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Paralel System


DEFINITION
 A distributed system is a collection of
independent computers, interconnected via
a network, capable of collaborating on a
task.
 A distributed system can be characterized
as a collection of multiple autonomous
computers that communicate over a
communication network and having following
features: • No common Physical clock
• Enhanced Reliability
• Increased performance/cost
ratio
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• Access to geographically remote data and resources
A Distributed

System

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Examples of Distributed System

 Telephone Networks and Cellular Networks


 Computer Networks Such as internet or intranet
 ATM(bank) Machines
 Distributed database and distributed database
management system
 Network of Workstations
 Mobile Computing etc.

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Advantages Of Distributed System

 Information Sharing among Distributed Users


 Resource Sharing
 Extensibility and Incremental growth
 Shorter Response Time and Higher Output
 Higher Reliability
 Better Flexibility’s in meeting User’s needs
 Better price/performance ratio
 Scalability
 Transparency

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Disadvantages of Distributed System

 Difficulties of developing distributed software


 Networking Problem
 Security Problems
 Performance
 Openness
 Reliability and Fault Tolerance

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DEFINITION

 A system is said to be a Parallel System in which


multiple processor have direct access to shared
memory which forms a common address space.
 Usually tightly-coupled system are referred to as
Parallel System. In these systems, there is a single
system wide primary memory (address space) that is
shared by all the processors. On the other hand
Distributed System are loosely-coupled system.
 Parallel computing is the use of two or more
processors (cores, computers) in combination to
solve a single problem.

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0
A Parallel System
Applications of Parallel System

 An example of Parallel computing would be two


servers that share the workload of routing mail,
managing connections to an accounting system
or database, solving a mathematical problem
etc
 Supercomputers are usually placed in parallel
system architecture
 Terminals connected to single server
EXAMPLE: The Earth Simulator Supercomputer
from (2002-2004)
Advantages of Parallel System

 Provide Concurrency(do multiple things at the


same time)
 Taking advantage of non-local resources
 Cost Savings
 Overcoming memory constraints
 Save time and money
 Global address space provides a user-friendly
programming perspective to memory

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Disadvantages of Parallel System

 Primary disadvantage is the lack of scalability


between memory and CPUs.
 Programmer responsibility for synchronization
constructs that ensure "correct" access of
global memory.
 It becomes increasingly difficult and expensive
to design and produce shared memory
machines with ever increasing numbers of
processors.

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Parallel vs. Distributed System

Parallel Systems Distributed Systems

Memory Tightly coupled system Weakly coupled system


shared memory Distributed memory

Control Global clock No global clock


control control

Processor Order of Order of


interconnection Tbps Gbps

Main focus Performance Performance(cost and scalability)


Scientific Reliability/availability
computing Information/resource sharing
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Sources / References

Websites  en.wikipedia.org
 books.google.com
 www.seminarprojects.com
 http://publib.boulder.ibm.com
 www.webopedia.com
 https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials
 www.cis.upenn.edu

Books  Distributed System by Coulouris


 Distributed Computing by Ajay D.
Kshemkalyani,Mukesh Singhal
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Thank
You

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