INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE

LEARNING

PRESENTATION

{03/06/2021}

-By Mr. Arish[M.Tech., PGDCF.,MCA]

 AGENDA’S
 Introduction to ML
 Need of ML
 Features of ML
 Classifications of ML
 History of ML
 Applications and Benefits of ML
 Life Cycle of ML
 AI vs ML
 Algorithms of ML
 Working of ML
 ML related Jobs in IT sector
 INTRODUCTION TO ML
 In the real world, we are surrounded by
humans who can learn everything from their
experiences with their learning capability,
and we have computers or machines which
work on our instructions. But can a machine
also learn from experiences or past data like a
human does? So here comes the role
of Machine Learning.
 Machine learning enables a machine to
automatically learn from data, improve
performance from experiences, and predict
things without being explicitly programmed.
CON.,
 Machine learning is the study of computer
algorithms that improve automatically
through experience and by the use of data. It
is seen as a part of artificial intelligence.
 A machine has the ability to learn if it can
improve its performance by gaining more
data.
CON.,
 NEED OF ML
 The need for machine learning is increasing day by day. The
reason behind the need for machine learning is that it is
capable of doing tasks that are too complex for a person to
implement directly. As a human, we have some limitations as
we cannot access the huge amount of data manually, so for
this, we need some computer systems and here comes the
machine learning to make things easy for us.
Importance of Machine Learning:
 Rapid increment in the production of data
 Solving complex problems, which are difficult for a human
 Decision making in various sector including finance
 Finding hidden patterns and extracting useful information
from data.
 FEATURES OF MACHINE
LEARNING

 Machine learning uses data to detect various

patterns in a given dataset.
 It can learn from past data and improve
automatically.
 It is a data-driven technology.
 Machine learning is much similar to data
mining as it also deals with the huge amount
of the data.
 CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINE
LEARNING
 At a broad level, machine learning can be
classified into three types:
 Supervised learning
 Unsupervised learning
 Reinforcement learning
CON.,
1) Supervised Learning
 Supervised learning is a type of machine learning method in which

we provide sample labeled data to the machine learning system in

order to train it, and on that basis, it predicts the output.
 The system creates a model using labeled data to understand the
datasets and learn about each data, once the training and
processing are done then we test the model by providing a sample
data to check whether it is predicting the exact output or not.
 The goal of supervised learning is to map input data with the output
data. The supervised learning is based on supervision, and it is the
same as when a student learns things in the supervision of the
teacher. The example of supervised learning is spam filtering.
 Supervised learning can be grouped further in two categories of
algorithms:
 Classification
 Regression
CON.,
2) Unsupervised Learning
 Unsupervised learning is a learning method in which a
machine learns without any supervision.
 The training is provided to the machine with the set of data
that has not been labeled, classified, or categorized, and
the algorithm needs to act on that data without any
supervision. The goal of unsupervised learning is to
restructure the input data into new features or a group of
objects with similar patterns.
 In unsupervised learning, we don't have a predetermined
result. The machine tries to find useful insights from the
huge amount of data. It can be further classifieds into two
categories of algorithms:
 Clustering
 Association
CON.,
3) Reinforcement Learning
 Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based
learning method, in which a learning agent gets a
reward for each right action and gets a penalty for
each wrong action. The agent learns automatically
with these feedbacks and improves its
performance. In reinforcement learning, the agent
interacts with the environment and explores it. The
goal of an agent is to get the most reward points,
and hence, it improves its performance.
 The robotic dog, which automatically learns the
movement of his arms, is an example of
Reinforcement learning.
HISTORY OF MACHINE LEARNING

 Before some years (about 40-50 years),

machine learning was science fiction, but
today it is the part of our daily life. Machine
learning is making our day to day life easy
from self-driving cars to Amazon virtual
assistant "Alexa". However, the idea behind
machine learning is so old and has a long
history. Below some milestones are given
which have occurred in the history of
machine learning:
CON.,
CON.,
 The early history of Machine Learning (Pre-
1940):
 1834: In 1834, Charles Babbage, the father
of the computer, conceived a device that
could be programmed with punch cards.
However, the machine was never built, but
all modern computers rely on its logical
structure.
 1936: In 1936, Alan Turing gave a theory
that how a machine can determine and
execute a set of instructions.
CON.,
 The era of stored program computers:
 1940: In 1940, the first manually operated
computer, "ENIAC" was invented, which was
the first electronic general-purpose computer.
After that stored program computer such as
EDSAC in 1949 and EDVAC in 1951 were
invented.
 1943: In 1943, a human neural network was
modeled with an electrical circuit. In 1950, the
scientists started applying their idea to work
and analyzed how human neurons might work.
CON.,
 Computer machinery and intelligence:
 1950: In 1950, Alan Turing published a seminal
paper, "Computer Machinery and Intelligence,"
on the topic of artificial intelligence. In his
paper, he asked, "Can machines think?"
 Machine intelligence in Games:
 1952: Arthur Samuel, who was the pioneer of
machine learning, created a program that
helped an IBM computer to play a checkers
game. It performed better more it played.
 1959: In 1959, the term "Machine Learning" was
first coined by Arthur Samuel.
CON.,
 The first "AI" winter:
 The duration of 1974 to 1980 was the tough
time for AI and ML researchers, and this
duration was called as AI winter.
 In this duration, failure of machine
translation occurred, and people had
reduced their interest from AI, which led to
reduced funding by the government to the
researches.
CON.,
 Machine Learning from theory to reality
 1959: In 1959, the first neural network was
applied to a real-world problem to remove echoes
over phone lines using an adaptive filter.
 1985: In 1985, Terry Sejnowski and Charles
Rosenberg invented a neural network NETtalk,
which was able to teach itself how to correctly
pronounce 20,000 words in one week.
 1997: The IBM's Deep blue intelligent computer
won the chess game against the chess expert
Garry Kasparov, and it became the first computer
which had beaten a human chess expert.
 CON.,
 Machine Learning at 21st century
 2006: In the year 2006, computer scientist Geoffrey Hinton has given
a new name to neural net research as "deep learning," and nowadays,
it has become one of the most trending technologies.
 2012: In 2012, Google created a deep neural network which learned
to recognize the image of humans and cats in YouTube videos.
 2014: In 2014, the Chabot "Eugen Goostman" cleared the Turing Test.
It was the first Chabot who convinced the 33% of human judges that it
was not a machine.
 2014: DeepFace was a deep neural network created by Facebook,
and they claimed that it could recognize a person with the same
precision as a human can do.
 2016: AlphaGo beat the world's number second player Lee
sedol at Go game. In 2017 it beat the number one player of this
game Ke Jie.
 2017: In 2017, the Alphabet's Jigsaw team built an intelligent system
that was able to learn the online trolling. It used to read millions of
comments of different websites to learn to stop online trolling.
CON.,
 Machine Learning at present:
 Now machine learning has got a great advancement
in its research, and it is present everywhere around
us, such as self-driving cars, Amazon
Alexa, Catboats, recommender system, and many
more. It includes Supervised, unsupervised,
and reinforcement learning with
clustering, classification, decision tree, SVM
algorithms, etc.
 Modern machine learning models can be used for
making various predictions, including weather
prediction, disease prediction, stock market
analysis, etc.
APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE LEARNING
 Machine learning is a buzzword for today's
technology, and it is growing very rapidly day
by day. We are using machine learning in our
daily life even without knowing it such as
Google Maps, Google assistant, Alexa, etc.
Below are some most trending real-world
applications of Machine Learning:
CON.,
CON.,
1. Image Recognition:
 Image recognition is one of the most common
applications of machine learning. It is used
to identify objects, persons, places, digital
images, etc. The popular use case of image
recognition and face detection is, Automatic
friend tagging suggestion:
CON.,
2. Speech Recognition
 While using Google, we get an option of "Search by
voice," it comes under speech recognition, and it's
a popular application of machine learning.
 Speech recognition is a process of converting voice
instructions into text, and it is also known as
"Speech to text", or "Computer speech
recognition." At present, machine learning
algorithms are widely used by various applications
of speech recognition. Google
assistant, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa are using
speech recognition technology to follow the voice
instructions.
CON.,
3. Traffic prediction:
 If we want to visit a new place, we take help of
Google Maps, which shows us the correct path
with the shortest route and predicts the traffic
conditions.
 It predicts the traffic conditions such as whether
traffic is cleared, slow-moving, or heavily
congested with the help of two ways:
 Real Time location of the vehicle form Google
Map app and sensors
 Average time has taken on past days at the
same time.
CON.,
4. Product recommendations:
 Machine learning is widely used by various e-
commerce and entertainment companies such
as Amazon, Netflix, etc., for product
recommendation to the user. Whenever we
search for some product on Amazon, then we
started getting an advertisement for the same
product while internet surfing on the same
browser and this is because of machine learning.
 Google understands the user interest using
various machine learning algorithms and
suggests the product as per customer interest.
CON.,
5. Self-driving cars:
 One of the most exciting applications of
machine learning is self-driving cars. Machine
learning plays a significant role in self-driving
cars. Tesla, the most popular car
manufacturing company is working on self-
driving car. It is using unsupervised learning
method to train the car models to detect
people and objects while driving.
CON.,
6. Email Spam and Malware Filtering:
 Whenever we receive a new email, it is filtered
automatically as important, normal, and spam. We
always receive an important mail in our inbox with
the important symbol and spam emails in our spam
box, and the technology behind this is Machine
learning. Below are some spam filters used by Gmail:
 Content Filter
 Header filter
 General blacklists filter
 Rules-based filters
 Permission filters
CON.,
7. Virtual Personal Assistant:
 We have various virtual personal assistants
such as Google
assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Siri. As the name
suggests, they help us in finding the
information using our voice instruction.
These assistants can help us in various ways
just by our voice instructions such as Play
music, call someone, Open an email,
Scheduling an appointment, etc.
CON.,
8. Online Fraud Detection:
 Machine learning is making our online
transaction safe and secure by detecting
fraud transaction. Whenever we perform
some online transaction, there may be various
ways that a fraudulent transaction can take
place such as fake accounts, fake ids,
and steal money in the middle of a
transaction. So to detect this, Feed Forward
Neural network helps us by checking whether
it is a genuine transaction or a fraud
transaction.
CON.,
9. Stock Market trading:
 Machine learning is widely used in stock
market trading. In the stock market, there is
always a risk of up and downs in shares, so
for this machine learning's long short term
memory neural network is used for the
prediction of stock market trends.
CON.,
10. Medical Diagnosis:
 In medical science, machine learning is used for diseases diagnoses.
With this, medical technology is growing very fast and able to build
3D models that can predict the exact position of lesions in the brain.
 It helps in finding brain tumors and other brain-related diseases
easily.
11. Automatic Language Translation:
 Nowadays, if we visit a new place and we are not aware of the

language then it is not a problem at all, as for this also machine

learning helps us by converting the text into our known languages.
Google's GNMT (Google Neural Machine Translation) provide this
feature, which is a Neural Machine Learning that translates the text
into our familiar language, and it called as automatic translation.
 The technology behind the automatic translation is a sequence to
sequence learning algorithm, which is used with image recognition
and translates the text from one language to another language.
MACHINE LEARNING LIFE CYCLE

 Machine learning has given the computer systems the abilities to

automatically learn without being explicitly programmed. But how
does a machine learning system work? So, it can be described using
the life cycle of machine learning. Machine learning life cycle is a
cyclic process to build an efficient machine learning project. The
main purpose of the life cycle is to find a solution to the problem or
project.
 Machine learning life cycle involves seven major steps, which are
given below:
 Gathering Data
 Data preparation
 Data Wrangling
 Analyse Data
 Train the model
 Test the model
 Deployment
CON.,
 1. GATHERING DATA:

 Data Gathering is the first step of the machine learning

life cycle. The goal of this step is to identify and obtain
all data-related problems.
 In this step, we need to identify the different data
sources, as data can be collected from various sources
such as files, database, internet, or mobile devices. It is
one of the most important steps of the life cycle. The
quantity and quality of the collected data will determine
the efficiency of the output. The more will be the data,
the more accurate will be the prediction.
 This step includes the below tasks:
 Identify various data sources
 Collect data
 Integrate the data obtained from different sources
 2. DATA PREPARATION

 After collecting the data, we need to prepare it for further

steps. Data preparation is a step where we put our data into a
suitable place and prepare it to use in our machine learning
training.
 In this step, first, we put all data together, and then
randomize the ordering of data.
 This step can be further divided into two processes:
 Data exploration:
It is used to understand the nature of data that we have to
work with. We need to understand the characteristics, format,
and quality of data.
A better understanding of data leads to an effective outcome.
In this, we find Correlations, general trends, and outliers.
 Data pre-processing:
Now the next step is preprocessing of data for its analysis.
 3. DATA WRANGLING

 Data wrangling is the process of cleaning and converting raw

data into a useable format. It is the process of cleaning the
data, selecting the variable to use, and transforming the data
in a proper format to make it more suitable for analysis in the
next step. It is one of the most important steps of the complete
process. Cleaning of data is required to address the quality
issues.
 ADVERTISEMENT
 It is not necessary that data we have collected is always of our
use as some of the data may not be useful. In real-world
applications, collected data may have various issues, including:
 Missing Values
 Duplicate data
 Invalid data
 Noise
 4. DATA ANALYSIS

 Now the cleaned and prepared data is passed

on to the analysis step. This step involves:
 Selection of analytical techniques
 Building models
 Review the result
5. TRAIN MODEL / 6. TEST MODEL

 Now the next step is to train the model, in this step we

train our model to improve its performance for better
outcome of the problem.
 We use datasets to train the model using various
machine learning algorithms. Training a model is
required so that it can understand the various patterns,
rules, and, features.
 Once our machine learning model has been trained on a
given dataset, then we test the model. In this step, we
check for the accuracy of our model by providing a test
dataset to it.
 Testing the model determines the percentage accuracy
of the model as per the requirement of project or
problem.
CON.,
7. Deployment
 The last step of machine learning life cycle is
deployment, where we deploy the model in the
real-world system.
 If the above-prepared model is producing an
accurate result as per our requirement with
acceptable speed, then we deploy the model in the
real system. But before deploying the project, we
will check whether it is improving its performance
using available data or not. The deployment phase
is similar to making the final report for a project.
 AI VS ML
 AI is a bigger concept to create intelligent
machines that can simulate human thinking
capability and behavior, whereas, machine
learning is an application or subset of AI that
allows machines to learn from data without being
programmed explicitly.
 Artificial intelligence is a technology using which
we can create intelligent systems that can
simulate human intelligence.
 Machine learning is a subfield of artificial
intelligence, which enables machines to learn
from past data or experiences without being
explicitly programmed.
CON.,
CON.,
 ML CLASSIFICATION
ALGORITHMS
 Classification Algorithms can be further
divided into the Mainly two category:
 Linear Models
 LogisticRegression
 Support Vector Machines
 Non-linear Models
 K-Nearest Neighbours
 Kernel SVM
 Naïve Bayes
 Decision Tree Classification
 Random Forest Classification
CON.,
CON.,
 use cases of Classification Algorithms
 Classification algorithms can be used in
different places. Below are some popular use
cases of Classification Algorithms:
 Email Spam Detection
 Speech Recognition
 Identifications of Cancer tumor cells.
 Drugs Classification
 Biometric Identification, etc.
HOW DOES MACHINE LEARNING WORK
 A Machine Learning system learns from historical data,
builds the prediction models, and whenever it receives
new data, predicts the output for it. The accuracy of
predicted output depends upon the amount of data, as
the huge amount of data helps to build a better model
which predicts the output more accurately.
 Suppose we have a complex problem, where we need to
perform some predictions, so instead of writing a code for
it, we just need to feed the data to generic algorithms,
and with the help of these algorithms, machine builds the
logic as per the data and predict the output. Machine
learning has changed our way of thinking about the
problem. The below block diagram explains the working
of Machine Learning algorithm:
CON.,
WHAT KIND OF JOB CAN I GET WITH
MACHINE LEARNING?
 Specific Jobs in AI
 Machine Learning Researchers.
 AI Engineer.
 Data Mining and Analysis.
 Machine Learning Engineer.
 Data Scientist.
 Business Intelligence (BI) Developer.
JOBS IN AI AND ML
END OF THE SESSION