435-INFS-3 Software Quality

Assurance

Chapter # 5
Supporting Quality Devices

Software Quality Assurance from Theory to Implementation by Daniel Galin

Prepared by: S.Hashmi

Templates

In other areas of work, a template is a design or mold or pattern of an item or

( group of an items) that serves as a basis or guide form of a piece being made.
When applied to software engineering, the term template refers to a format
(especially tables of contents) created by units or organizations, to be applied
when compiling a report or some other type of document. Application of
templates may be obligatory for some documents and elective for others; in
some cases, only part of a template (e.g., specific chapters or general structure)
is demanded.
Example:
DOCUMENT CHANGE REQUEST (DCR)
Document Title: Software Quality Assurance Plan Template Tracking Number:      
 
Name of Submitting Organization:      
 
Organization Contact:       Phone:      
 
Mailing Address:      
 
Short Title:       Date:      
 
Change Location:      
(use section #, figure #, table #, etc.)
Proposed change:      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rational for Change:      
 
 
 
 
 
Note: For the Systems Engineering Process Office (SEPO) to take appropriate action on a change request, please provide a clear description of the recommended change along with supporting rationale.
Send to: Commanding Officer, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Code 212, 53560 Hull Street,
San Diego, CA 92152-5001
Fax: (619) 553-6249
Email: [email protected]
Submit online: http://sepo.spawar.navy.mil/
DCR Form 9/2002
The contribution of templates to software quality
Template use is quite advantageous to development teams and to review teams.
For development teams, template use:
Facilitates the process of preparing documents by saving the time and energy
required to elaborate the report’s structure.
Ensures that documents prepared by the developer are more complete as all
the subjects to be included in the document have already been defined and
repeatedly reviewed by numerous professionals .
Provides for easier integration of new team members through familiarity. The
document’s standard structure, prepared according to templates that may be
known to the new member from previous work in another of the organization’s
units or teams, makes finding information much easier.
Facilitates review of documents by eliminating the need to study a document’s
structure and confirm its completeness, if the document is based on the
appropriate template.
Enables easier location of the information required for performing maintenance
tasks.
The organizational framework for preparing, implementing and updating templates

Preparation of new templates

The most common information sources used in preparing a template are as
follows:
■ Informal templates already in use in the organization
■ Template examples found in professional publications
■ Templates used by similar organizations
Application of templates
Several fundamental decisions are involved in the implementation of new or
updated templates:
■ What channels should be used for advertising the templates?
■ How should the templates be made available to the organization’s internal
“consumers”?
■ Which templates will be compulsory and how can their application be
enforced?
Continue
Updating templates
The decision to update an existing template may be considered a reactive
measure, stemming from any of the following:
■ User proposals and suggestions
■ Changes in the organization’s areas of activity
■ Proposals initiated by design review and inspection teams based on their
review of documents prepared according to the templates
■ Analysis of failures as well as successes
■ Other organizations’ experience
■ SQA team initiatives.
The process of updating templates is quite similar to that of template
preparation.
Checklists
The checklist used by software developers refers to the list of items specially
constructed for each type of document, or a menu of preparations to be
completed prior to performing an activity (e.g., installing a software package at
the customer site).
Usually, checklist use tends to be considered an optional infrastructure tool,
depending mainly on the list’s professional attributes, user acquaintance with the
list and availability
Some checklists have dual purposes: while providing a complete list of items to
be verified, they also provide space for documenting findings of the checks
performed.
example of a dual-purpose checklist, applied for design reviews of requirement
specification documents.
Continue
The Contribution of Checklists to Software Quality
• Like templates, checklists provide many benefits to development teams,
software maintenance teams and document quality.
• The advantages to development teams are as follows:
• Helps developers carrying out self-checks of documents or software code
• 1. Checklists are expected to help the developer discover incomplete sections
as well as detect overlooked lapses.
• 2 Assists developers in their preparations for tasks such as installation of
software at customer sites, performance of quality audits at subcontractors’
sites or signing contracts with suppliers of reused software modules. Checklists
are expected to help the developers be better equipped for task performance.
• The advantages to review teams are:
• 1.Assures completeness of document reviews by review team members as all
the relevant review items appear on the list.
• 2. Facilitates improves efficiency of review sessions as the subjects and order
of discussion are defined and well known in advance
The organizational framework for preparing, implementing and updating
checklists
Preparation of new checklists
Preparation of new checklists as well as improvement of informal checklists is
supported by the following sources of information
■ Informal checklists already in use in the organization
■ Checklist examples found in books and other professional publications
■ Checklists used by similar organizations.
The process of preparing a new checklist is similar to that for templates.
Promotion of checklist use
As the use of checklists is rarely mandatory, promotion of their use is based on
advertising and guaranteed availability. All internal channels of communication
can be used for publicizing the checklists: leaflets, e-mail, SQA intranet as well as
professional meetings. The internal net remains, however, the preferred and
most efficient method for making checklists available to the organization’s
internal “consumers”.
Continue

Updating checklists
Like templates and procedures, initiatives to update an existing checklist
generally flow from the following sources:
■ User proposals and suggestions
■ Changes in technology, areas of activity and clientele
■ Proposals initiated by design review and inspection teams emanating from
document reviews
■ Analysis of failures as well as successes
■ Other organizations’ experience
■ SQA team initiatives.
The process of updating checklists is quite similar to their preparation
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