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EE 740 Professor Ali Keyhani Lecture #13: Symmetrical Components

The document discusses symmetrical components and their application to analyzing unbalanced three-phase systems. It introduces positive, negative, and zero sequences for both voltages and currents. For a balanced three-phase system, only the positive sequence exists, while the zero and negative sequences are zero. Examples are provided to calculate the sequence components for given unbalanced voltage and current conditions.

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Mohamed A. Hussein
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56 views11 pages

EE 740 Professor Ali Keyhani Lecture #13: Symmetrical Components

The document discusses symmetrical components and their application to analyzing unbalanced three-phase systems. It introduces positive, negative, and zero sequences for both voltages and currents. For a balanced three-phase system, only the positive sequence exists, while the zero and negative sequences are zero. Examples are provided to calculate the sequence components for given unbalanced voltage and current conditions.

Uploaded by

Mohamed A. Hussein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 740

Professor Ali Keyhani


Lecture #13

Symmetrical Components
Operator Positive Sequence
Voltage (1 = ‘+’)

Vc 1

Va 1=V1

Vb1

Va = Va1 = V0 = V10


Vb = Vb1 = V1240
Vc = Vc1 = V1120
Let a = 1120 a2 = 1240

Va1 = V1 Vb1 = a2V1 Vc1 = aV1

Va1 1
Vb1 = a2 V1
Vc1 a
Negative Sequence Voltage (2 = ‘-‘)

Vb 2

Va 2=V2

Vc 2

Va2 = V2 Va 2 1
Vb2 = aV2 Vb 2 = a V2
Vc2 = a2V2 Vc 2 a2

Zero Sequence Voltage (“0”)

Va0 = V0 Vb0 = V0 Vc0 = V0


We will show that a set of unbalanced voltages
Va,Vb,Vc can be written as:
Va = Va0 + Va1 + Va2  Va = V0 + V1 + V2
Vb = Vb0 + Vb1 + Vb2  Vb = V0 + a2V1 + aV2
Vc = Vc0 + Vc1 + Vc2  Vc = V0 + aV1 + a2V2
Compact Form:

Va 1 1 1 V0
Vb = 1 a2 a V1
Vc 1 a a2 V2

Vabc = T V012
-1 -1
T Vabc = T T V012
-1
V012 = T Vabc
-1
T = 1/3 1 1 1
1 a a2
1 a2 a

V0 = 1/3(Va + Vb + Vc)


V1 = 1/3(Va + aVb + a2Vc)
V2 = 1/3(Va + a2Vb + aVc)
Similarly:

Iabc = T I012
-1
I012 = T Iabc
Problem: Consider a balanced, Y-connected, 460
Volt generator. Compute the positive, negative and
zero sequence voltages.

Vcn Van
n  460V
Vbn

Van = 4600/3 = 265.90


Vbn = 265.9240 = 265.9a2
Vcn = 265.9120 = 265.9a

V0 1/3 1 1 1 Van
V1 = 1 a a2 Vbn
V2 1 a2 a Vcn

V0 = 1/3(265.9 + 265.9a 2 + 265.9a)


= 265.9/3(1 + a + a 2) = 0  V0 = 0

Show that (1 + a + a2) = 0


V1 = 1/3(265.9 + 265.9a3 + 365.9a3)

Recall a3 = 10

V1 = 265.90

V2 = 1/3[265.9 + 265.9a4 + 265.9 a2]

a4 = a = 1120

V2 = 1/3[(265.9) (1 + a + a2)] = 0

Conclusions: For balanced three - phase sources


we have:
Only positive sequence voltages exist.
Zero sequence voltages ‘Do Not Exist’.
Negative sequence voltages ‘Do Not Exist’.
Problem: Consider a 3- unbalanced set of
voltages:

Va = 40 Vc 8
Vb = 3-90 143.1
Vc = 8143.1 4 Va

3
Vb abc
Determine V0, V1 and V2

Solution:
V0 = 1/3(Va + Vb + Vc)

= 1/3[4 - j3 + 8(- .8 + J.6)] = -.8 + j.6 = 1143.1

Va0 = Vb0 = Vc0 = V0 = 1143.1

V1 = 1/3(Va + aVb + a2Vc)


V1 = 1/3[40+(1120)(3-
90)+(1240)(8143.1)]
V1 = 1/3[13.96 + j4.64] = 4.918.4

Va1 = V1 = 4.918.4
Vb1 = V1240 = 4.9258.4
Vc1 = V1120 = 4.9138.4
V2 = 1/3[Va + a2Vb + aVc]
V2 = 2.15-86.2

Va2 = V2 = 2.15-86.2

Vb2 = V2120 = 2.1533.8

Vc2 = V2-120 = 2.15-206.2

Check:

Va = Va0 + Va1 + Va2


= 1143.1 + 4.918.4 + 2.15-86.2 = 40

Vb = Vb0 + Vb1 + Vb2


= 1143.1 + 4.9258.4 + 2.1533.8 = 3-90

Vc = Vc0 + Vc1 + Vc2


= 1143.1 + 4.9138.4 + 2.15-206.2 = 8143.1
Zero Sequence Positive
Sequence
Va 0 1143.1 Vc1 4.9 Va1
Vb0
Vc0 18.4

Vb 1

Negative Sequence
Vb 2
Vc 2 2.15

Va2 -86.2

Original Unbalanced Three Phase System


Vc 8
143.1

4 Va
-90

Vb
Problem 4: Balanced 3 voltages are applied to a
balanced 3 load. Compute I0, I1 and I2.

Solution: Assume the load is purely resistive and


positive phase sequence.
Ic

Vc Va Ia RL=10 RL

Vb RL
Ib

I0 1 1 1 Ia
I+ = 1/3 1 a a2 Ib
I- 1 a2 a Ic

I0 = 1/3[Ia + Ib + Ic]
I+ = 1/3[Ia + aIb + a2Ic]
I- = 1/3[Ia + a2Ib + aIc]

Balanced Voltages and Balanced Loads

Ia VL
Va (+) RL (-)&(0)
Assume:
Va = V0 = 100
Vb = Va240 = 10240 (+) Phase
Sequence
Vc = Va120 = 10120

Ia = Van/RL = V/RL0 = I0


Ib = V/ RL 240 = I240 = a2Ia
Ic = V/ RL = I120 = aIa

I0 = 1/3[Ia + Ib + Ic]
but (Ia + Ib + Ic)=In=0 for balanced three phase
systems
I1 = 1/3[Ia + a*a2Ia + a2*aIa] = 1/3Ia[1 + 2] = Ia
I2 = 1/3[Ia + a2Ib + aIc] Note: Ib = a2Ia, Ic = aIa
I2 = 1/3[Ia + a4Ia + a2Ia] = 1 + a2 + a4 = 0 + j0
I2 = 0

Conclusions:
When a balanced set of three phase voltages is applied
to a balanced three phase system, only positive
sequence currents can flow. That is:
Only Positive Sequence Currents Exist.
Zero Sequence Currents “Do Not Exist”.
Negative Sequence Currents “Do Not Exist”.

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