CALL PROCESSING IN CELL SITE

8Kbps Vocoded
1.23Mbps
Speech data
(20msec block) Power control I-Chl Pilot
Encoder & Bits(800bps)
1.2Kbps Code repetition PN offset
2.4Kbps 1/2
4.8Kbps Rate 19.2Kbps
Scrambling
9.9Kbps 1.23Mbps
Interleaver MUX
1.8Kbps
800bps
3.6Kbps 3/4 19.2Kbps
7.2Kbps Rate Pwr control
bit position Q-Chl Pilot
14.4Kbps PN offset
13Kbps Vocoded 1.23Mbps
Speech data 19.2Kbps 64 Bits
(20msec block)
Long Code Decimator Walsh code
Generator Generator

1.23Mbps
 CDMA FRAME FORMATS
20ms FRAMES

9.6Kbps Frame 1 171 12 8 Total Bits 1+171+12+8=192 Bits in 20ms Block

4.8Kbps Frame 1 79 8 8 Total Bits 1+79+8+8=96 Bits in 20ms Block

2.4Kbps Frame 1 39 8 Total Bits 1+39+8=48 Bits in 20ms Block

1.2Kbps Frame 1 15 8 Total Bits 1+15+8=24 Bits in 20ms Block

: Mixed mode bit : CRC(Cyclic redundancy check)

: Information bits : Encoder tail bits.

 WALSH CODES REPRESENTATION IN CDMA BAND

23 54 49 28
8 60 59 56 41 24 20 2 25 16 40 30 16
46 9 15 13 32 14 48
21 6
4 7

1.25MHz

Walsh Code 0 : Pilot Channel

Walsh Code 1-7: Paging Channel

Walsh Code 32 : Sync Channel

Walsh Code 8-63: Forward Traffic channel

except 32
 CDMA Carrier

PILOT PN PILOT PN PILOT PN PILOT PN PILOT PN

Sequence Sequence Sequence Sequence Sequence
Offset 0 Offset 1 Offset X Offset 510 Offset 512

FORWARD CDMA Chal

TRAFFIC TRAFFIC
PILOT Chal PAGING Chal SYNC Chal
Chal Chal
We have 4 channels

160 Chl No. 4

201 Chl No. 3
242 Chl No. 2
283 Chl No. 1

Concerned Down link Frequencies for the above channels are

160 X 0.03 MHz + 870 MHz = 874.8 MHz

201 X 0.03 MHz + 870 MHz = 876.03 MHz

242 X 0.03 MHz + 870 MHz = 877.26 MHz

283 X 0.03 MHz + 870 MHz = 878.49 MHz

Each Band contains 41 Channel

Each Channel is 30 KHz or 0.03 MHz
So channel separation is 41 X 0.03 MHz = 1.23 MHz

Note: Down link is Base station to Mobile.

Concerned Up link Frequencies for the above channels are

160 X 0.03 MHz + 825 MHz = 829.8 MHz

201 X 0.03 MHz + 825 MHz = 831.03 MHz

242 X 0.03 MHz + 825 MHz = 832.26 MHz

283 X 0.03 MHz + 825 MHz = 833.49 MHz

Up link down link separation is 45 MHz.

Total down link bandwidth is 870 - 885 MHz

and Up link bandwidth is 825 - 840 MHz

Note : Up link is Mobile to Base station.

 Guard Guard
Chl 4 Chl 3 Chl 2 Chl 1
Band Band

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
3 3 4 6 8 8 0 2 2 4 6 6 8 0 0 1
1 9 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 2
9 Chls 41 FDMA Chls 41 FDMA Chls 41 FDMA Chls 41 FDMA Chls 9 Chls
(0.27MHz) (1.23MHz) (1.23MHz) (1.23MHz) (1.23MHz) (0.27MHz)

U.L: 829.8MHz U.L: 831.03MHz U.L: 832.26MHz U.L: 833.49MHz

D.L: 874.8MHz D.L: 876.03MHz D.L: 877.26MHz D.L: 878.49MHz

OTE : U.L :Up Link

D.L : Down Link

otal B.W required for 4 Chals is 1.23 MHz x 4 = 4.92 MHz

Guard Band 0.27 MHz x 2 = 0.54 MHz
= 5.46 MHz
 FORWARD LINK CHANNEL FORMAT
Walsh code 0
I Data
PILOT Chal 1.23Mbps PN Spreading D/A Convert
All 0’s
Q Data
Walsh code 32 I
SYNC Chal I Data
1.23Mbps
PN Spreading D/A Convert
4.8Kbps
Q Data
Walsh code 1 to 7
PAGING Chals 1.23Mbps I Data
1 up to 7 Chals PN Spreading D/A Convert
19.2Kbps Q Data Q
Walsh code 8-31,33-63
TRAFFIC Chals 1.23Mbps I Data
1 up to 55 Chals PN Spreading D/A Convert
19.2Kbps Q Data
 CDMA REVERSE TRAFFIC CHANNEL
I
1.23Mbps
PN offset 0

64-Ary Mod I
8Kbps Vocoded
Speech data
(20msec block)
Encoder & Code 63 D/A
1.2Kbps Code repetition
Code 62 Convert
2.4Kbps 1/3
4.8Kbps Rate 28.8Kbps Code 61 Q
9.9Kbps 307.2Kbps
Interleaver
1.8Kbps Code 2 D/A
3.6Kbps 1/2 28.8Kbps T/2
7.2Kbps Rate Code 1 Convert
14.4Kbps Code 0
Q
13Kbps Vocoded 1.23Mbps
PN offset 0
Speech data
(20msec block)
Long Code
Generator

1.23Mbps
 64-ary Modulation

W 63=……………………..

64 Bits
101100110100111000010

W 2 =……………………..
W 1 =……………………..
W 0 =……………………..

Decimal value of Last 6 bits is 2. This will mapp in to Walsh code 2(Consistes 64 bits)

I/p Data rate is 28.8 Kbps

O/p Data rate is 28.8 Kbps x 64 bits = 307 Kbps

6 Bits
ADVANTAGES :

Different ratings of Coders.

(When users assigned to CDMA carrier are not talking, all other
on the same carrier benefit with less interference.)

Frequency reusage factor : 1

Low RF Power.

Multipath fading can avoid using rake receiver.

Soft hand off: A call to be carried by the two or six cells or sectors
at the same time.

Security : It is spread spectrum Technology.

Each OMNI Cell /Cell sector operating on CDMA carrier is identified by PN sequence
offset. There are 512 Pilot PN sequences offsets (0 to 511) Forward chals on one CDMA
carriers.

Primary CDMA carrier is 283.

Each PN consists 64 Chips

PILOT PN sequence is Quadrature pair of identical PN binary codes operating at 1.23Mbps

for F.W and Reverse CDMA Chals.

Each PN sequence is Maximum length binary sequence of :

512 Offsets X 64 Chips = 32768 in 26.7 msec.

Note: Forward CDMA Chal always contains one PILOT

may be one SYNC
may be seven PAGING
up to 63 TRAFFIC Chanals
Number of Walsh codes : 64 (0 to 63)
Each Walsh code contains 64 Bits. Long and operating 1.23Mbps

Walsh functions are orthonagal

0 : PILOT
1 to 7 : Paging or Traffic
32 : SYNC
Remains Traffic.

All codes are Information Bearing Chals Except PILOT Chal consists 64 Zeros.

A Mobile initially acquires the CDMA system by searching and locking on to

strongest PILOT Chal.
 REVERSE CDMA CHANNEL

REVERSE CDMA Chal is sum of

CDMA CARRIER all MS transmission on a CDMA
Carrier.

PN Sequence
Offset 0
N : Number of Mobiles currently
accessing the CDMA system o
the CDMA Carrier.
REVERSR CDMA Chal

ACCESS ACCESS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC

Chal 1 Chal N Chal 1 Chal N
Common CDMA carrier(283) has its own PILOT,SYNC,PAGING and
TRAFFIC channels.

FORWARD

Non common CDMA carriers(160,201,242) has own PILOT& TRAFFIC

Channels. It may or may not have sync and paging Chals.

For every paging Chal in Forward atleast on Access chal in reverse.

42 Bit Long code is for 1) Identify the traffic (Reverse)

2) Paging and Traffic chal scrambling.

Each code binary sequence of 4.4 Trillion (42 days)

REVERSRE
Common carrier has its own Paging & Traffic Chals
Bit other carriers has its own Traffic chals but may or may not have own
Access Chals.